Global Crop Calendar
Global Crop Calendar
What’s growing right now?
A crop calendar for the seven crops that feed most of the world. 101 country seasons across 29 countries, with planting, growing and harvest windows on one map. No signup.
Today Pick a crop and a month to see where it is in the ground.
Where it is in the ground
Countries are coloured by the stage the crop has reached.
What’s happening
Season by season, January to December
Bars mark field work. Washes mark the crop standing in the field.
Wheat
21 seasons across 18 countries650 Mt a year
Corn / Maize
17 seasons across 14 countries1048 Mt a year
Soybean
9 seasons across 9 countries395 Mt a year
Rice
20 seasons across 11 countries442 Mt a year
Barley
11 seasons across 11 countries94 Mt a year
Canola / Rapeseed
11 seasons across 11 countries75 Mt a year
Sunflower
12 seasons across 12 countries50 Mt a year
Crop calendars describe typical seasons. The exact weeks move with region, variety, altitude and the weather of a given year, and a large country can run several weeks apart from one end to the other.
How to read a crop calendar
A crop calendar is the normal shape of a season in one place: when the crop goes in the ground, how long it stands, and when it comes off.
What a crop calendar is
The typical timing of field work and crop development for one crop in one country or region, written as month ranges rather than dates.
Traders read it to know which harvest is about to reach the market. Agronomists read it to plan scouting, spraying and soil sampling. Anyone working with satellite imagery needs it, because the same field in June looks nothing alike depending on whether it holds winter wheat or maize.
Why the hemispheres are six months apart
Crops follow temperature and daylength, not the calendar. Northern winter wheat is sown around September and cut around July. In Argentina and Australia the same crop is sown around May and cut from October.
That offset is why wheat reaches the market almost year round, and why a poor northern harvest can be partly answered by a southern one six months later.
Why one country runs several seasons
Brazil plants corn twice. The first crop goes in with the spring rains around September. The second crop, the safrinha, is drilled into the stubble as soon as soybean comes off in January, and it is now the larger of the two.
India splits the year into kharif, sown with the monsoon in June, and rabi, sown in the cool dry season from October. China grows early, single season and late rice in the same year. Forcing every country into one planting and one harvest hides most of the world’s cropping.
How to read the bars
Two things are stacked in every row. The solid bars are field work, when machines are out: dark green for planting, orange for harvest.
The soft washes behind them are the state of the crop: green while it grows, gold while it fills and ripens, grey blue while an autumn sown crop sits dormant under winter. A bar sitting on a wash means one sowing is being worked while another still stands.
Planting and harvest months by crop
The largest producers of each crop, with the windows the crop calendar above draws.
When is wheat planted and harvested?
Wheat: about 650 Mt a year across 18 countries in this calendar, in 21 separate seasons. Largest producers and their typical windows:
- China winter wheat, about 118 Mt plants in September to October and harvests in May to June.
- India rabi wheat, about 112 Mt plants in November to December and harvests in March to April.
- Russia winter wheat, about 65 Mt plants in August to October and harvests in July to August.
- United States winter wheat, about 33 Mt plants in September to October and harvests in June to August.
- Canada spring wheat, about 33 Mt plants in April to June and harvests in August to September.
- France winter wheat, about 33 Mt plants in October to November and harvests in July to August.
When is corn planted and harvested?
Corn / Maize: about 1048 Mt a year across 14 countries in this calendar, in 17 separate seasons. Largest producers and their typical windows:
- United States main season, about 385 Mt plants in April to May and harvests in September to November.
- China main season, about 295 Mt plants in April to May and harvests in September to October.
- Brazil safrinha (2nd crop), about 110 Mt plants in January to March and harvests in June to August.
- Argentina main season, about 51 Mt plants in September to January and harvests in March to July.
- India kharif maize, about 28 Mt plants in June to July and harvests in October to November.
- Ukraine main season, about 28 Mt plants in April to May and harvests in September to November.
When is soybean planted and harvested?
Soybean: about 395 Mt a year across 9 countries in this calendar, in 9 separate seasons. Largest producers and their typical windows:
- Brazil main season, about 165 Mt plants in September to December and harvests in January to May.
- United States main season, about 117 Mt plants in April to June and harvests in September to November.
- Argentina main season, about 50 Mt plants in October to January and harvests in March to June.
- China main season, about 21 Mt plants in May to June and harvests in September to October.
- India kharif, about 13 Mt plants in June to July and harvests in September to November.
- Paraguay main season, about 10 Mt plants in September to December and harvests in January to April.
When is rice planted and harvested?
Rice: about 442 Mt a year across 11 countries in this calendar, in 20 separate seasons. Largest producers and their typical windows:
- India kharif (monsoon), about 110 Mt plants in June to July and harvests in October to December.
- China single / mid-season, about 100 Mt plants in May to June and harvests in September to October.
- India rabi / summer, about 30 Mt plants in November to December and harvests in March to May.
- China early rice, about 26 Mt plants in March to April and harvests in July.
- Indonesia main wet season, about 22 Mt plants in October to December and harvests in February to April.
- Bangladesh boro (dry season), about 21 Mt plants in December to January and harvests in April to May.
When is barley planted and harvested?
Barley: about 94 Mt a year across 11 countries in this calendar, in 11 separate seasons. Largest producers and their typical windows:
- Russia spring barley, about 18 Mt plants in April to May and harvests in July to September.
- Australia main season, about 13 Mt plants in April to June and harvests in October to December.
- France winter barley, about 11 Mt plants in September to October and harvests in June to July.
- Germany winter barley, about 9 Mt plants in September to October and harvests in June to July.
- Canada spring barley, about 9 Mt plants in April to May and harvests in August to September.
- Turkey winter barley, about 8 Mt plants in October to November and harvests in June to July.
When is canola planted and harvested?
Canola / Rapeseed: about 75 Mt a year across 11 countries in this calendar, in 11 separate seasons. Largest producers and their typical windows:
- Canada spring canola, about 19 Mt plants in May to June and harvests in August to October.
- China winter rapeseed, about 15 Mt plants in September to October and harvests in April to May.
- India rabi mustard, about 12 Mt plants in October to November and harvests in February to March.
- Australia main season, about 6 Mt plants in April to June and harvests in October to December.
- Russia spring rapeseed, about 4.5 Mt plants in May and harvests in August to October.
- France winter rapeseed, about 4.3 Mt plants in August to September and harvests in June to July.
When is sunflower planted and harvested?
Sunflower: about 50 Mt a year across 12 countries in this calendar, in 12 separate seasons. Largest producers and their typical windows:
- Russia main season, about 17 Mt plants in April to May and harvests in August to October.
- Ukraine main season, about 13 Mt plants in April to May and harvests in August to October.
- Argentina main season, about 4.5 Mt plants in September to December and harvests in January to April.
- China main season, about 2.8 Mt plants in May to June and harvests in September to October.
- Romania main season, about 2.5 Mt plants in March to April and harvests in August to October.
- Turkey main season, about 2 Mt plants in April and harvests in August to September.
See what’s happening inside the field
Crop calendars tell you when crops are growing. GeoPard shows you how they are growing.
Satellite imagery, historical vegetation, soil, yield and topography, layered over your own boundaries, turn field variability into management zones and variable rate prescriptions you can send straight to the machine.
Frequently asked questions
What is a crop calendar?
A crop calendar is the typical schedule of a crop in a place: planting, growing, maturing and harvest, written as month ranges. It describes a normal year rather than a specific one, which makes it the right tool for planning and for reading satellite imagery, and the wrong tool for predicting an exact harvest date.
When is wheat planted and harvested?
It depends on whether the wheat is autumn sown or spring sown. Winter wheat in the United States, Europe, Ukraine, Russia and China is planted from September to November, sits dormant through winter, and is harvested from May to August.
Spring wheat in Canada, the northern United States, Russia and Kazakhstan is planted from April to June and harvested in August and September. In the southern hemisphere, Australia and Argentina plant from April to July and harvest from October to January.
When is corn planted and harvested?
In the United States corn is planted in April and May and harvested from September to November, and China follows roughly the same pattern. In the southern hemisphere, Brazil’s first crop is planted from September to November and harvested from February to May, while Argentina plants from September into January and harvests from March to July.
Why does Brazil grow corn twice in one year?
Brazil’s main soybean crop comes off in January and February, which leaves the rest of the wet season unused. Growers drill corn straight into that window as a second crop, called safrinha.
Safrinha now produces more corn than Brazil’s first crop does, and it is the reason Brazilian corn reaches the export market in the middle of the northern hemisphere growing season rather than against it.
Are crop calendars the same every year?
No. The sequence holds but the weeks move. A cold spring delays planting, a dry finish pulls harvest forward, and a large country can run several weeks apart from one end to the other. Read these windows as the normal shape of the season and confirm the current year against local conditions.
Where does this data come from?
Public agricultural calendars and production statistics from the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, FAO GIEWS, and national statistical and extension services. Country outlines come from Natural Earth, which is in the public domain. Sources are credited at the bottom of this page.
Sources
Calendars are compiled from public agricultural sources: USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, FAO GIEWS, and the national statistical and extension services of each producing country. Production volumes are rounded to a typical recent year; rice is on a milled basis, sunflower and canola on a seed basis.
Country outlines are Natural Earth, public domain, drawn on an equal area projection, with internationally recognised borders.
Calendar data version 2026-09. 101 country seasons, 29 countries, 7 crops.
Ready?
Service without extra costs
You pay for what you use only. Just choose a plan that fits you or contact us for assistance Choose Your PlanGet Demo
Fill out a contact form and get a demo to discover the full potential of the GeoPard Agriculture platform! Try now
English English 
German
Ukrainian
French
Kazakh
Portuguese
Spanish
Arabic
Swedish
Serbian
Romanian
Norwegian
Finnish
Lithuanian
Estonian
Latvian
Croatian
Slovenian
Slovak
Japanese
Polish
