Cerințe privind eșantionarea solului în Spania

Cerințe privind eșantionarea solului în Spania

Norme naționale: Real Decreto 1051/2022, cu anexa III la Real Decreto 1311/2012, cu modificările ulterioare. Orientări naționale: Ghid practic al Ministerului Agriculturii pentru fertilizarea rațională.

Soil sampling rules in Spain, with the exact wording of each source
Country / region Purpose / programme Time / frequency Area per sample Method Depth Cores Status and source
Spain
SpainSoil data for the fertilisation plan (pH, P, K, organic matter)Sustainable nutrition of agricultural soils, plan de abonado and farm record book
  • Repeat At least every 5 years on irrigated land and every 10 years on rainfed land, where no provincial map or register supplies the data
Not specifiedParcels of similar characteristics grouped in one crop sheet may be analysed through a single representative parcel.P2O5, K2O and organic matter in the top 30 cmNot specifiedConditionalReal Decreto 1311/2012, Annex III (consolidated, BOE)
Who it applies to, the exact wording and every source
Who it applies to
Farm holders who must keep the fertilisation section of the farm record book (cuaderno de explotación), and every production unit that needs a fertilisation plan (plan de abonado) from 1 September 2026 (1 January 2026 for irrigated units sown or planted between 1 March and 30 June 2026). Both carry the soil data of RD 1311/2012 Annex III, A.3, per parcel or for one representative parcel per crop sheet. The soil data become obligatory one year after the Ministry publishes its soil sampling and analysis guides, except where sewage sludge is applied.
Outside the rule
Holdings outside the fertilisation record: 5 ha or less of permanent crops and arable land with 1 ha or less irrigated, and holdings with only pasture that receives no fertiliser. Production units with no fertilisation plan duty: unfertilised pasture, and units up to 10 ha that are rainfed or only pasture or forage for own use. No analysis is needed where parcels cannot be grouped into a crop sheet of at least 5 ha and the production unit is 20 ha at most. Analysis is only required where no provincial map or register supplies the data.
Laboratory and analysis
Minimum data: pH, available P2O5, available K2O and organic matter. Methods of Annex XII of RD 1051/2022, or methods that give equivalent results.
Field identifiers
The plan must identify every parcel (recinto) in the production unit unambiguously.
In force from
Under review
Legal text
Real Decreto 1051/2022, with Real Decreto 1311/2012 Annex III as amended, RD 1051/2022 art. 4.2 and 6.2; RD 1311/2012 Annex III, Part I, A.3

The wording in the source

Timing

  • En ausencia de las fuentes mencionadas en el apartado a), se realizarán análisis con una periodicidad mínima de 5 años en regadío y 10 en secano

    In the absence of the sources mentioned in point a), analyses shall be carried out with a minimum periodicity of 5 years on irrigated land and 10 on rainfed land

    RD 1311/2012, Annex III, Part I, A.3.i (b)

  • A través de mapas o registros provinciales.

    Through provincial maps or registers.

    RD 1311/2012, Annex III, Part I, A.3.i (a)

Method

  • Cuando varios recintos se puedan agrupar en una hoja de cultivo de características parecidas, se podrán realizar las analíticas de suelos de un único recinto representativo.

    Where several parcels can be grouped into a crop sheet of similar characteristics, the soil analyses may be carried out on a single representative parcel.

    RD 1311/2012, Annex III, Part I, A.3.i (c)

  • El plan debe incluir datos del suelo de los recintos, o al menos, de un recinto representativo por cada hoja de cultivo.

    The plan must include soil data for the parcels, or at least for one representative parcel per crop sheet.

    RD 1051/2022, art. 6.2

Depth

Who it applies to

  • Asimismo, será responsable de la elaboración y aplicación de un plan de abonado en cada unidad de producción integrante de la explotación de la que es titular, a partir del 1 de septiembre de 2026.

    Likewise, the holder shall be responsible for drawing up and applying a fertilisation plan in each production unit of the holding, from 1 September 2026.

    RD 1051/2022, art. 4.2 (as amended by RD 934/2025)

  • No obstante, los datos anteriores no serán obligatorios hasta un año después de la publicación por parte del Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación de las guías de toma de muestras y análisis de suelos, salvo que se vayan a aplicar lodos de depuradora

    However, the above data shall not be obligatory until one year after the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food publishes the soil sampling and analysis guides, unless sewage sludge is to be applied

    RD 1311/2012, Annex III, Part I, A.3.i, closing paragraph

  • La persona titular de la explotación agrícola o forestal será responsable de que … estén correctamente registradas en una nueva sección de «Fertilización» del cuaderno de explotación

    The holder of the agricultural or forestry holding shall be responsible for ensuring that … they are correctly recorded in a new Fertilisation section of the farm record book

    RD 1051/2022, art. 4.1

  • Los datos se aportarán por recintos o por hojas de cultivo conforme a lo establecido en el punto A.3 de la parte I del anexo III y en la sección C de la parte I del anexo III del Real Decreto 1311/2012

    The data shall be given per parcel or per crop sheet as set out in point A.3 of Part I of Annex III and in section C of Part I of Annex III of Royal Decree 1311/2012

    RD 1051/2022, Annex I, fertilisation record and farm record book

  • Para las unidades de producción en regadío en las que el cultivo se siembre o se plante entre el 1 de marzo y el 30 de junio de 2026 esta obligación será efectiva a partir del 1 de enero de 2026.

    For irrigated production units where the crop is sown or planted between 1 March and 30 June 2026, this obligation takes effect from 1 January 2026.

    RD 1051/2022, art. 4.2

Outside the rule

  • Sobre el total de su superficie de cultivos permanentes y tierras de cultivo, excluidos los pastos temporales, cuenten con una superficie menor o igual a 5 hectáreas, siempre y cuando tengan una superficie de regadío menor o igual a 1 hectárea;

    Across their total area of permanent crops and arable land, excluding temporary pasture, they have 5 hectares or less, provided their irrigated area is 1 hectare or less;

    RD 1051/2022, art. 4.1 (a), holdings excepted from the fertilisation record

  • Dispongan únicamente de superficie de pastos, tanto temporales como permanentes, y no apliquen fertilizantes en dichas superficies.

    They have only pasture, temporary or permanent, and apply no fertiliser to it.

    RD 1051/2022, art. 4.1 (b)

  • Las que no superen las 10 hectáreas de superficie, si son de secano o bien están dedicadas únicamente a pastos o cultivos forrajeros para autoconsumo.

    Those not exceeding 10 hectares, if they are rainfed or devoted only to pasture or forage crops for own use.

    RD 1051/2022, art. 4.2 (b), units with no fertilisation plan duty

  • Las destinadas únicamente a pastos que no se fertilicen.

    Those devoted only to pasture that is not fertilised.

    RD 1051/2022, art. 4.2 (a)

  • En el caso de que los recintos no puedan agruparse en una hoja de cultivo de al menos 5 hectáreas de superficie y siempre que la correspondiente unidad de producción tenga una superficie máxima de 20 hectáreas, no será necesario realizar esta analítica.

    Where the parcels cannot be grouped into a crop sheet of at least 5 hectares, and provided the production unit has a maximum area of 20 hectares, this analysis is not necessary.

    RD 1311/2012, Annex III, Part I, A.3.i (d)

Laboratory and analysis

  • conforme a los métodos del anexo XII del Real Decreto 1051/2022, de 27 de diciembre, por el que se establecen normas para la nutrición sostenible en los suelos agrarios, u otros que obtengan resultados equivalentes a los mismos.

    in accordance with the methods of Annex XII of Royal Decree 1051/2022 of 27 December laying down rules for the sustainable nutrition of agricultural soils, or others that obtain equivalent results.

    RD 1311/2012, Annex III, Part I, A.3.i (b)

  • Contenido de potasio (K2O) asimilable en los primeros 30 cm del suelo.

    Available potassium (K2O) content in the first 30 cm of the soil.

    RD 1311/2012, Annex III, Part I, A.3.i, minimum data (the list also names pH)

Field identifiers

  • En el plan de abonado se identificarán de forma inequívoca los diferentes recintos que forman parte de la unidad de producción.

    The fertilisation plan shall identify unambiguously the different parcels that make up the production unit.

    RD 1051/2022, art. 6.1

Sources

Sources re-checked every two months, last update October 2026. Reviewed by GeoPard editorial team.

SpainSoil sampling for fertiliser adviceMinistry of Agriculture practical guide to rational fertilisation
  • Season After harvest and always before applying fertiliser or soil amendment. For nitrogen, ideally before sowing and again early in crop development.
Not specifiedDivide the field into uniform areas by colour, position, depth and crop growth, each one an area that can be fertilised separately. Sample each separately.Grassland and no-till 0 to 15 cm. Arable crops the plough layer, 25 to 30 cm. Tree and vine crops 0 to 40 cm in most cases; new plantings or calcareous soils two samples, to 30 cm and 30 to 60 cm. Nitrate about 50 cm.At least 10 to 12 sub-samples per composite, about 500 g in totalOfficial guidanceMAPA, Guía práctica de la fertilización racional de los cultivos en España, Part I (PDF)
Who it applies to, the exact wording and every source
Who it applies to
Advice from the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Not law, and not the sampling guide that RD 1051/2022 announces.
In force from
Under review
Legal text
MAPA, Guía práctica de la fertilización racional de los cultivos en España, Part I (2010)

The wording in the source

Timing

  • La toma de muestras debe realizarse después de la recolección y siempre antes de efectuar un abonado o enmienda

    Sampling should be done after harvest and always before applying fertiliser or a soil amendment

    Part I, chapter 8, box Toma de muestras de tierras, p. 65

  • En el caso del nitrógeno es conveniente hacer dos ó más determinaciones para el mismo cultivo: una antes de la siembra y otra durante las primeras fases de desarrollo del cultivo

    For nitrogen it is advisable to make two or more determinations for the same crop: one before sowing and another during the early stages of crop development

    Part I, chapter 8, p. 65

Method

  • Se dividirá la superficie del terreno objeto del muestreo en parcelas uniformes en función del color, situación, profundidad, desarrollo de la vegetación, etc. Cada una de estas parcelas debe muestrearse separadamente, teniendo siempre en cuenta que la superficie a la que representa pueda ser fertilizada separadamente.

    The area to be sampled is divided into uniform plots by colour, position, depth, crop growth and so on. Each of these plots should be sampled separately, always bearing in mind that the area it represents can be fertilised separately.

    Part I, chapter 8, p. 65

Depth

  • Praderas y cultivos de no laboreo: La profundidad de la muestra debe ser hasta los 15 cm.

    Grassland and no-till crops: the sample depth should be down to 15 cm.

    Part I, chapter 8, p. 65

  • Cultivos herbáceos: La profundidad del muestreo debe coincidir con la capa labrada, 25-30 cm.

    Arable crops: the sampling depth should match the ploughed layer, 25 to 30 cm.

    Part I, chapter 8, p. 65

  • Cultivos leñosos: En la mayor parte de los casos, es suficiente con tomar una muestra desde la superficie hasta los 40 cm.

    Tree and vine crops: in most cases a sample from the surface down to 40 cm is enough.

    Part I, chapter 8, p. 65

  • En el caso de nuevas plantaciones o si el cultivo se asienta en terrenos calizos se tomaran dos muestras a distintas profundidades: una hasta 30 cm (suelo) y otra de 30-60 cm (subsuelo).

    For new plantings, or where the crop is on calcareous land, two samples are taken at different depths: one to 30 cm (soil) and one from 30 to 60 cm (subsoil).

    Part I, chapter 8, p. 65

  • Para la evaluación del nitrógeno en forma de nitrato la profundidad de la muestra debe de ser próxima a los 50 cm.

    To assess nitrogen as nitrate, the sample depth should be close to 50 cm.

    Part I, chapter 8, p. 65

Cores

  • Cada muestra compuesta se formará mezclando submuestras, unas 10 ó 12 como mínimo, sacadas de diferentes partes de la parcela

    Each composite sample is made by mixing sub-samples, some 10 or 12 at least, taken from different parts of the plot

    Part I, chapter 8, p. 65

  • Las submuestras se mezclarán de manera homogénea, hasta completar un peso de unos 500 g.

    The sub-samples are mixed evenly up to a weight of about 500 g.

    Part I, chapter 8, p. 65

Sources

Sources re-checked every two months, last update October 2026. Reviewed by GeoPard editorial team.

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