The wording in the source

Timing

• Manure must be analyzed a minimum of once annually for nitrogen and phosphorus content, and soil analyzed a minimum of once every five years for phosphorus content.

  § 412.4(c)(3), Manure and soil sampling

Who it applies to

• This section applies to any CAFO subject to subpart C of this part (Dairy and Beef Cattle other than Veal Calves) or subpart D of this part (Swine, Poultry, and Veal Calves).

  § 412.4(a)

• Each CAFO subject to this section that land applies manure, litter, or process wastewater, must do so in accordance with the following practices

  § 412.4(c)

Outside the rule

• This subpart does not apply to such CAFOs with less than the following capacities: 700 mature dairy cows whether milked or dry; 1,000 cattle other than mature dairy cows or veal calves.

  § 412.30

• This subpart does not apply to such CAFOs with less than the following capacities: 2,500 swine each weighing 55 lbs. or more; 10,000 swine each weighing less than 55 lbs.; 30,000 laying hens or broilers if the facility uses a liquid manure handling system; 82,000 laying hens if the facility uses other than a liquid manure handling system; 125,000 chickens other than laying hens if the facility uses other than a liquid manure handling system; 55,000 turkeys; and 1,000 veal calves.

  § 412.40

The wording in the source

Timing

• Soil samples shall be collected and analyzed at a frequency that meets NRCS technical standards and guidelines, and as often as is necessary to ensure protection of groundwater and surface water quality.

  Rule 335-6-7-.26(5)(b)

Method

• shall be sampled according to accepted standard soil sampling procedures.

  Rule 335-6-7-.26(5)

Depth

• The surface soils (0-3 inches in sod crops and depth of plow layer in cultivated crops) of each field where waste/wastewater has been or will be land applied shall be sampled according to accepted standard soil sampling procedures.

  Rule 335-6-7-.26(5)

Who it applies to

• of each field where waste/wastewater has been or will be land applied

  Rule 335-6-7-.26(5)

• the requirements of this Chapter are applicable to all new and existing AFOs in the State.

  Rule 335-6-7-.03(2)

Laboratory and analysis

• Soil pH and lime requirement for the soil and crop to be grown.

  Rule 335-6-7-.26(5)(b)1

• Extractable phosphorus.

  Rule 335-6-7-.26(5)(b)2

• Soil Test Methods for the Southern Region of the United States, 1983, Southern Cooperative Service Bulletin, 289, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia

  Rule 335-6-7-.26(5)(a)

• Other analytical methodology(s) as may be approved by the Director or his designee.

  Rule 335-6-7-.26(5)(a)3

• Reference Soil and Media Diagnostic Procedures for the Southern Region of the United States, 1992, S.J. Donahue (ed.), Southern Cooperative Service Bulletin 374

  Rule 335-6-7-.26(5)(a)1

• Soil Test Fertilizer Recommendations For Alabama Crops, 1994, J.F. Adams, C.C. Mitchell, and H.H. Bryant, Agronomy And Soils Department Series No. 178 (as amended), Auburn University

  Rule 335-6-7-.26(5)(a)2

• Extractable zinc, copper, arsenic, and other selected metals, if it is determined by the QCP that it is probable that one or more metals … present in sufficiently high concentrations in the land applied waste or wastewater, or naturally present in the soil

  Rule 335-6-7-.26(5)(b)3

The wording in the source

Timing

• Ideally, grid sampling should be conducted every 4 to 5 years in each field, while zone sampling should be used in between to be more effective with both nutrient applications and sampling costs.

  ANR-3181, Summary

Area per sample

• The size of sampling grids can range between 1 and 5 acres, but a smaller grid size of 2.5 acres or less is recommended to accurately capture variability in soil pH and nutrient levels within fields. Larger grid sizes (up to 5 acres) are often used in relatively uniform fields to reduce labor and sampling costs.

  ANR-3181, Grid Sampling

• sampling grids should be 2.5 acres or less for grid sampling, and management zones should be 10 acres or less for zone sampling.

  ANR-3181, Summary

Method

• grid sampling should be used in all newly cropped fields; in fields that have been brought back into production after a few years; in fields with past management issues; or in any field where a baseline of nutrient variability needs to be established.

  ANR-3181, Choice of Precision Soil Sampling Strategy

• point sampling is usually the preferred method, where eight to ten soil cores are collected in a circular pattern (in a radius of 30 to 50 feet depending on grid size) around the centroid point within a grid.

  ANR-3181, Grid Sampling

• an S pattern (or Z pattern) is more common when soil samples are collected using an automated soil sampler mounted on a utility terrain vehicle (UTV).

  ANR-3181, Grid Sampling

• one of the most common techniques is to follow a zigzag travel pattern through the zone, randomly collecting soil cores at regular intervals

  ANR-3181, Zone Sampling

Cores

• an adequate number of soil cores (eight to twelve) should be collected within each grid or zone to make a composite sample.

  ANR-3181, Summary

• at least ten to fifteen cores should be collected for zones of 10 acres or less and the number of soil cores should be increased accordingly for zones larger than 10 acres.

  ANR-3181, Zone Sampling

The wording in the source

Method

• Follow the diagram below to properly locate the samples. For sloping land (contour strips), take 6 samples 20 feet in from the edge of the entire strip and 6 samples from the opposite side of the strip.

  Soil Sampling Instructions

• If the field, pasture, or garden varies in soil type, previous fertilizer or lime application, or cropping history, sample each area separately for best results and interpretation.

  Soil Sampling Instructions

• Rectangular pasture, field, turf, or garden plot showing 13 points of collection to obtain one representative soil sample.

  Figure 1 caption

Depth

• Sample down to the tilling or plowing depth on cultivated lands or to a depth of 6 inches. In pastures, you need only sample to a depth of 3 or 4 inches.

  Soil Sampling Instructions

Cores

• obtain thin slices or borings of soil from at least 13 places in a given area.

  Soil Sampling Instructions, Vegetables, Small Fruit, Home Gardens, Fields, and Pastures

The wording in the source

Timing

• Growers managing agricultural lands are encouraged to test their soils regularly, if not every season, before planting each crop.

  AZ2147, Introduction

Area per sample

• As a rule of thumb, one composite sample should be collected per 15-20 acres of area.

  AZ2147, Types of Sampling Procedures, 1. Whole Field Sampling

Method

• Samples are collected randomly in a zigzag pattern across the field without consideration of any management practices or topographic features.

  AZ2147, 1. Whole Field Sampling

• Grid sampling (Figure 4) is a type of spatial sampling that involves dividing the whole field into uniform grids.

  AZ2147, 2. Grid Sampling

• The first method is done by collecting composite samples in the individual grid, which provides information about the area. The second method of grid sampling is done by collecting soil samples at the points created by the overlapping lines.

  AZ2147, 2. Grid Sampling

• Zone sampling (Figure 5) is used when points of variation across a field are already known.

  AZ2147, 3. Zone Sampling

Depth

• For example, if the crop is a vegetable such as romaine or iceberg lettuce, spinach, broccoli, celery, or cantaloupes, a 12-inch sampling depth is adequate; however, for crops like cotton, alfalfa, corn or wheat, a 24-inch sampling depth is recommended.

  AZ2147, Composite Sampling

• For example, tilled soils only need to be taken to the depth that tilling has occurred.

  AZ2147, Composite Sampling

Cores

• In general, 15 to 20 soil samples (cores or scoops) (Figure 2) are collected per site (or plot), depending on the size of the field and the requirements of the laboratory doing the testing.

  AZ2147, Composite Sampling

The wording in the source

Timing

• Soil tests – not more than five years old.

  Section 2203.3 B.5.a (nutrient management plan, actual activity records); same text at Section 2204.2 B.6.a (poultry litter management plan)

Who it applies to

• A soil test is required before applying commercial fertilizers containing phosphorus at the protective rate.

  Section 2202.5 B

• After a soil test with nutrient application recommendations is obtained for lands within a nutrient surplus area, a person may apply commercial fertilizer in compliance with the protective rate.

  Section 2202.3 A.2

• no person shall apply nutrients to soils or associated crops within a nutrient surplus area unless nutrients are applied in compliance with a nutrient management plan or a poultry litter management plan prepared by a certified nutrient planner or at the protective rate for commercial fertilizers set forth in Section 2202.5.

  Section 2202.3 A

Outside the rule

• Commercial fertilizer containing nitrogen but not phosphorus may be applied without a soil test.

  Section 2202.5 B

In force

• (effective January 1, 2010)

  Title page, Title 22

The wording in the source

Timing

• Your soil tests can serve as a guide for fertilizer practices for the next three or four years. If you have tests over four years old, take samples again for up-to-date recommendations. If using intensive management or producing several crops per year, consider sampling yearly.

  FSA2121, page 2

Method

• A zigzag sampling pattern is preferred (Figure 3).

  FSA2121, procedure step 2

• Sample each field or management unit separately.

  FSA2121, page 1

Depth

• Sample crop fields to the depth of plowing, usually 4 – 6 inches (Figure 4). Take samples in pastures, gardens, lawns, around shrubs and golf courses to a depth of about 4 inches

  FSA2121, procedure step 3

Cores

• Take soil with a soil probe or shovel from at least 12 random points in each area to obtain a representative sample.

  FSA2121, procedure step 2

The wording in the source

Timing

• Once every 5 years from each land application area (may be distributed over a 5-year period by sampling 20% of the land application areas annually):

  MRP, Table 2 Nutrient Monitoring, Soil

Who it applies to

• REISSUED WASTE DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS GENERAL ORDER FOR EXISTING MILK COW DAIRIES

  Order title page

• all Dischargers specified by the Central Valley Water Board and all Dischargers that were formerly regulated under the original version of Order R5-2007-0035 adopted in May 2007, their agents, successors, and assigns shall comply with the following:

  Order, operative paragraph after Finding 44

Laboratory and analysis

• Laboratory analyses for soluble phosphorus

  MRP, Table 2 Nutrient Monitoring, Soil

• The following soil tests are recommended but not required:

  MRP, Table 2 Nutrient Monitoring, Soil

The wording in the source

Timing

• Frequency: every 3 years is common, best to do before crops with high demands ( ex. Tomatoes have a high K demand), between the same crops in crop rotation

  For general fertility testing

• Best to do in the spring or fall

  For general fertility testing

• Do not sample after fertilizer has been added

  For general fertility testing

• Conduct samples the same time year after year

  For general fertility testing

• Frequency: every year; preplant, before fertilization or both

  For Nitrate-N testing

Method

• Sample in a W-shaped pattern, by walking a zigzag course across the entire block, or walking a diagonal line

  Principles, Representative

• Divide non-uniform fields into blocks, based on

  Principles, Uniformity

• Cropping history, varieties

  Principles, Uniformity, first bullet

• Observed differences in crop development yield

  Principles, Uniformity, second bullet

• Differences in soil series (SoilWeb Ap)

  Principles, Uniformity, third bullet

Depth

• Sampling depth should be 6” or the tilling depth

  For general fertility testing

• Depth: 6” to 3’, depending on the rooting depth and risk of leaching between sampling and phase of high crop uptake

  For Nitrate-N testing

Cores

• Take a minimum of 20 cores for the block, which are mixed in 1 clean bucket, from which a single subsample is removed for lab testing

  Protocol, Taking a soil sample

The wording in the source

Timing

• The soil of land application sites shall be sampled and analyzed a minimum of once annually for available nutrients, including nitrate-nitrogen.

  81.6(2)(a)(ii)(B)

• The top one foot of soil of land application sites shall be sampled and analyzed for available phosphorus a minimum of once every five years, or as specified in section 81.6(2)(b)(v), below.

  81.6(2)(a)(ii)(C)

Depth

• The top one foot of soil of land application sites shall be sampled and analyzed for available phosphorus

  81.6(2)(a)(ii)(C)

Who it applies to

• The operator of a non-permitted CAFO shall compile and maintain on-site a facility management plan (FMP) that includes, to the extent applicable, the information specified in sections 81.6(1), 81.6(2), 81.6(3) and 81.6(4).

  81.6, opening

• The operator of a non-permitted CAFO shall develop, document in the FMP and implement the following practices and procedures for land application sites by no later than February 27, 2009 or upon being defined as a CAFO.

  81.6(2)

Laboratory and analysis

• Manure, wastewater, and soil shall be sampled and analyzed with the following frequency. The results of the analyses shall be used in determining application rates for manure and wastewater.

  81.6(2)(a)(ii)

• a minimum of once annually for available nutrients, including nitrate-nitrogen.

  81.6(2)(a)(ii)(B)

The wording in the source

Method

• Use either a systematic or random sampling pattern to collect soil samples (Figure 2).

  Sample Collection

• Submit a separate soil sample for any area that differs in crop growth, soil color, or fertilizer and amendment history.

  Sample Collection

Depth

• Collect 10 to 15 subsamples from the soil surface to a depth of 8 inches (0–8").

  Sample Collection, Agricultural fields

Cores

• Collect 10 to 15 subsamples from the soil surface to a depth of 8 inches (0–8").

  Sample Collection, Agricultural fields

The wording in the source

Timing

• Manure must be analyzed a minimum of once annually for nitrogen and phosphorus content, and soil analyzed a minimum of once every five years for phosphorus content. The results of these analyses are to be used in determining application rates for manure, litter, digestate and other agricultural wastewater.

  Section 5(f)(1)(A), Manure and soil sampling

Who it applies to

• Each Large CAFO that land applies manure, litter, digestate or agriculture wastewater must do so in accordance with the following practices:

  Section 5(f)(1), Additional Requirement for Large CAFOs

Laboratory and analysis

• soil analyzed a minimum of once every five years for phosphorus content.

  Section 5(f)(1)(A)

In force

• Effective Date: January 1, 2023 Expiration Date: December 31, 2027

  Cover page

The wording in the source

Timing

• Samples may be collected any time of year the ground is not frozen. The waiting period for results is longest in April and May. Testing the soil in the fall is highly recommended.

  When and How to Sample

Area per sample

• Under no circumstances should samples represent areas larger than 15 acres.

  Soil Nutrient Sampling Instructions, When and How to Sample

Method

• Submit a separate sample for areas differing in topography, drainage, soil texture, with different crop growth or intended crop usage, soil color, or fertilizer/amendment history.

  When and How to Sample

Depth

• Crop field: 6 to 8 inches or the plough layer depth

  Sample Collection, depths

• Grass – 3 to 4 inches,

  Sample Collection, depths

Cores

• collect cores or thin slices of soil from 12 or more random, evenly distributed spots (sampling points) in your sample area

  Sample Collection

The wording in the source

Who it applies to

• All animal feeding operations with greater than 8 animal units or any person who owns, leases or otherwise controls property totaling more than 10 acres upon which nutrients are applied shall develop and implement a nutrient management plan in accordance with the schedule outlined in this section.

  § 2247(a)

• Results of applicable soil, plant, water, manure, or organic by-products analyses.

  § 2247(a)(4), plan contents

• Soil test results and recommended nutrient application rates;

  § 2247(d)(1), records of implementation

• Nutrient management plans shall be updated a minimum of every 3 years or upon significant alterations in facility operations, or upon a 25% or greater increase in facility operations.

  § 2247(e)

Outside the rule

• Nutrient handlers who apply nutrients to turf totaling more than ¼ acres (10,890 square feet) but less than 10 acres shall not be required to have a nutrient management plan but are subject to limits outlined in this title and the Commission’s regulations.

  § 2247(a)

• In the case of animal feeding operations where no other nutrients are used for farming and the animal waste is not land-applied, the operator of the facility may substitute an animal waste management plan for a nutrient management plan.

  § 2247(j)

• County, municipal and industrial facilities discharging solid or liquid waste and permitted by the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control under The Guidance and Regulations Governing the Land Treatment of Wastes shall be exempt from the provisions of this chapter.

  § 2247(l)

Laboratory and analysis

• “Fertility index value” or “FIV” is equivalent to the measured Mehlich 3 soil test phosphorus concentration in parts per million

  § 2202(13)

• All fields with FIV exceeding 499 must have a PSI assessment prior to phosphorus application. Results of the PSI are valid for a term not to exceed 3 years.

  § 2247(b)(2)

The wording in the source

Area per sample

• A soil sample should represent an area no larger than 40 acres

  Considerations

Method

• Smaller areas that seem different in color, texture, drainage class, management practices, and/or productivity should be sampled separately.

  Considerations

Depth

• a minimum of 15 to 25 soil cores taken approximately eight inches deep.

  Considerations

Cores

• a minimum of 15 to 25 soil cores taken approximately eight inches deep.

  Considerations

Laboratory and analysis

• Soils should be tested only by labs that have enrolled as participants of a proficiency assessment program (such as North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) or Agriculture Laboratory Proficiency (ALP) each year.

  Criteria, Proficiency Testing

• All lab results should be reported in parts per million (ppm) or University of Delaware, Fertility Index Value (UD-FIV)

  Criteria, Proficiency Testing

The wording in the source

Timing

• Annual Crops: Testing annually is generally recommended. If fertility levels are very high, sampling every 2 to 3 years is adequate.

  When and How Often to Test

• Perennial Crops (e.g., Alfalfa/Pasture): Test prior to seeding and at least every 3 years thereafter.

  When and How Often to Test

Area per sample

• Maximum Size: In general, 40 acres is the maximum area that should be represented by a single sample.

  How to Take a Soil Sample for Commercial Crop Production, Sampling Guidelines

Method

• Separate Samples: Areas with different soil types (e.g., Sandy Knoll vs. Black Soil) or different management histories (e.g., Corn field vs. Soybean field) must be sampled separately.

  Sampling Guidelines

• A good soil sample should represent only one soil type or condition.

  Selecting the Sampling Area

Depth

• Standard Depth: Soil samples are generally taken to the plow depth, usually 6 to 9 inches from the surface.

  Proper Sampling Techniques, 1. Depth

• No-till/Reduced-tillage: These should also be sampled to the 6 to 9-inch depth for fertilizer recommendations.

  Proper Sampling Techniques, 1. Depth

Cores

• Composite Sampling: Each individual sample should consist of 15 to 25 "cores" taken from throughout the sampling area.

  Proper Sampling Techniques, 3. Collection Process

The wording in the source

Timing

• For crops other than multi-year crops, a soil test that is less than one year old is required and must demonstrate a need for P prior to any application of P.

  BMP 1.2.1, Guidance

• The contents of the narrative shall not be interpreted or construed as creating additional obligations or requirements that exceed the BMPs detailed in the BMP Checklist.

  Part B, Best Management Practices for VAC Operations, opening paragraph

• Perform soil tests, tissue tests, or both to appropriately plan and manage fertilizer applications.

  BMP Checklist, 1.2 Right Rate, item 1

Who it applies to

• Florida law requires agricultural producers and landowners located within BMAP areas to either enroll in the FDACS BMP Program and properly implement BMPs applicable to their property and operation or to conduct water quality monitoring activities as required by Rule Chapter 62-307, F.A.C.

  Introduction

• Perform soil tests, tissue tests, or both to appropriately plan and manage fertilizer applications.

  BMP 1.2.1

Outside the rule

• Multi-year crops can utilize a calibration curve for subsequent application of P based on the soil test taken before planting.

  BMP 1.2.1, Guidance

Laboratory and analysis

• Use a soil extraction method listed in Appendix 2 appropriate for the soil type to perform soil test in 1.2.1. The use of other soil extraction methods must be approved by FDACS. Maintain documentation to justify using that method.

  BMP 1.2.2

• Mehlich-3 extraction – Used on mineral or organic soils over most pH levels.

  Appendix 2, Soil Testing

In force

• Publication No. FDACS-P-01268, rev. 12/24, Incorporated in Rule 5M-8.002, F.A.C.

  Title page

The wording in the source

Timing

• It is recommended that soil be tested for pH at least once a year, if not every growing season, to ensure that the soil pH remains within the range for the crop/plant/grass species being grown.

  Section 2, Soil and Buffer pH

Area per sample

• One sample represents an area that is uniform in management and topography, typically up to 40 acres of a field section in commercial agriculture.

  Soil Sampling

Method

• For areas with different features and characteristics, separate samples should be collected and then submitted to the lab with appropriate identification.

  Soil Sampling

Depth

• Soil sampling depth should be the top 6 inches for most agronomic and residential applications or 3 to 4 inches for maintenance of frequently mowed lawn or turf.

  Soil Sampling

Cores

• Soils vary from spot to spot, so each sampled area is best represented by a composite sample collected from 8 to 15 locations.

  Soil Sampling

Laboratory and analysis

• All mineral (e.g., sandy) soils with water pH up to 7.4 and all samples from Miami-Dade County with a soil pH of up to 8.2 are extracted using the Mehlich-3 extraction procedure.

  Section 3, Extractable Nutrient Test Values

• Alkaline soils (soil pH >7.4) from all other counties are currently being extracted by a procedure called Ammonium-bicarbonate-DTPA (AB-DTPA method)

  Section 3

The wording in the source

Timing

• For most situations soils need to be tested every 2 to 3 years.

  When to Sample

• Annual sampling is recommended (1) on areas where high-value cash crops such as tobacco and vegetables are grown, (2) on areas testing high in P and K where no phosphate or potash is recommended and none is applied, and (3) on areas where the annual nitrogen application rate exceeds 150 pounds of N per acre.

  When to Sample

• The best time to sample is one to six months prior to planting.

  When to Sample

• It’s important, therefore, that samples be taken at the same time each year so results from year to year can be compared.

  When to Sample

Area per sample

• For most field conditions the size may range from 5 to not more than 15 acres. Variations in soil types, slope, drainage, or past management may require that smaller areas be sampled, resulting in three or more composite samples per field.

  Size of Area to Sample, Traditional Methods

Method

• The division of field areas that can be sampled separately is typically based on soil type, field topography, or crop growth or yield maps from the previous season.

  Size of Area to Sample, Precision Agriculture Methods

• The cores should be taken at random over a section of the field or plot, and should be representative of the entire area.

  Number of Cores

Depth

• Samples should be taken to the plow depth. The lime recommendations found in Tables A, B, C, and D are based on an 8-inch depth.

  Specific Sampling Procedures, Plowed Field Soils

• Fertilizer recommendations are based on a 6-inch depth

  Plowed Field Soils

• Pastures and no-till fields should be sampled to a depth of 4 inches.

  Pasture and No-Till Fields

Cores

• It is recommended that a minimum of 10 to 20 cores be taken for a composite sample.

  Number of Cores

• For example, 20 cores were required for a 20-acre field, 15 cores for a 10-acre field, and 10 cores for a 5-acre field.

  Number of Cores

The wording in the source

Timing

• Soil in fields or gardens should be tested at least once every two years.

  How to take a representative soil sample

• Plan to collect soil samples two to three months before planting

  How to take a representative soil sample

Area per sample

• For larger areas like pastures or tree orchards, first make a detailed map of your area, then divide your map into smaller uniform soil-test areas of a few (1-5) acres each.

  How to take a representative soil sample

Method

• Fields with different slope, soil color, drainage, apparent texture (for example, heavy, light, or A’a) or cropping history should be sampled separately.

  How to take a representative soil sample

• Each sample to be tested should be a thorough mix of the cores taken randomly, say, in a zigzag pattern as shown in Figure 1.

  How to take a representative soil sample

Depth

• Soil subsamples consist of 1-inch thick slices of the soil taken to a specified depth, normally 4 inches for no-till fields or established pasture, lawn and turf and 8 inches for conventionally tilled fields.

  How to take a representative soil sample

• For tree crops (forests, nuts, tree fruits), where possible, collect a surface sample to a depth of 8 inches and a sub-soil sample from 8-24 inches deep.

  How to take a representative soil sample

Cores

• A soil-test sample for each area should be a composite of 10-15 subsamples.

  How to take a representative soil sample

The wording in the source

Timing

• Facilities required to maintain an NMP, pursuant to these rules, must have soil samples collected each year from all fields owned or operated by the dairy, beef, poultry, or commercial truck wash operation to which livestock waste, manure, or process wastewater from the operation was land applied.

  Section 150, Soil Samples

Method

• All soil samples collected pursuant to this chapter must be representative samples that are collected by a CSS at the depth indicated by the approved NMP for each facility. Samples shall be collected pursuant to SSB approved methods and submitted to an approved laboratory.

  Section 151, Soil Sample Collection

• August 1997 University of Idaho, Soil Sampling Bulletin 704 (revised).

  Section 104.01, Incorporation by Reference

• All persons who collect soil samples pursuant to Subchapter A must be a certified soil sampler via the Department Certification Program.

  Section 152, Soil Sample Certification

Who it applies to

• Facilities required to maintain an NMP, pursuant to these rules, must have soil samples collected each year from all fields owned or operated by the dairy, beef, poultry, or commercial truck wash operation to which livestock waste, manure, or process wastewater from the operation was land applied.

  Section 150

• All dairy farms licensed to sell milk for human consumption, beef cattle feeding operations required to implement a Nutrient Management Plan (NMP), poultry operations required to implement an NMP, certified NMP planners and certified soil samplers.

  Rule summary, Who does this rule apply to?

Laboratory and analysis

• Approved Laboratory. A soil testing laboratory with a valid certification from the North American Proficiency Testing Program under the auspices of the Soil Science Society of America.

  Section 110.01, Definitions

Field identifiers

• If resource concerns require an alternate sampling depth be used, the CSS must indicate the alternate depths on all samples and lab submission forms.

  Section 151

The wording in the source

Timing

• For optimal soil fertility management, samples should be collected each year, and fields fertilized for a realistic potential yield of the intended crop.

  Sampling Frequency

• It is recommended to collect soil samples at least once during each crop rotation cycle (Walworth 2011).

  Sampling Frequency

Method

• Soil cores must be taken randomly within each sampling unit; be sure to distribute sampling sites throughout the unit. Meander or zigzag throughout each sampling unit while collecting soil samples.

  Sampling Technique, 2. Plan out sampling path

• Since most fields are not completely uniform and may vary in topography, divide each field into sampling units (Figure 1).

  Sampling Technique, Divide field into units

Depth

• With wheat rooting depth reaching up to 5 ft, it would be beneficial to sample wheat fields to 5 ft, in 1 ft increments.

  Sampling Technique, 4. Define sampling depth

• Although most fertilizer guides are based on a 2 ft depth, the sampling depth should be tailored to crop-specific rooting depth for the most accurate recommendations. For beans and sugar beets, the soil samples are typically collected from 2 ft. For potatoes, 1 ft samples are appropriate, due to a shallower rooting depth.

  Sampling Technique, 4. Define sampling depth

Cores

• Table 1, field size in acres and recommended number of samples: <5 15; 5–10 18; 10–25 20; 25–50 25; >50 30

  Table 1 (table, transcribed)

• *An absolute minimum of 10 samples from each sampling unit is necessary to obtain an acceptable sample.

  Table 1 footnote

The wording in the source

Timing

• Soil testing is strongly suggested every 2-4 years if soils are at an optimum level of fertility, based on producers’ goals, and base applications have been calculated.

  How and When to Sample

• Sampling should be avoided within a few months after a lime or fertilizer treatment due to a higher values.

  How and When to Sample

• After harvest in the fall is an ideal season to sample because soil moisture conditions are generally more stable

  How and When to Sample

Area per sample

• This approach suggests sampling at the rate of one composite from each 2.5-acre area.

  Typical Soil Sampling Methods, Whole field uniform fertilizer applications

• This approach suggests collecting one sample from each 1.1-acre area that will provide a better representation of the actual field variability.

  Site-specific applications

• The size of zones can vary depending on field characteristics but seldom exceeds 10 acres.

  Zone sampling

Method

• Each sample should consist of five soil cores, 1 inch in diameter, collected to a 7-inch depth from within a 10-foot radius around each point.

  Figure 2A caption

• it is important to collect samples from precisely the same points each time a field is tested. Sample locations can be identified using a global positioning system (GPS) unit or by accurately measuring the sample points with a device such as a measuring wheel.

  Typical Soil Sampling Methods

Depth

• The fertilizer recommendation system in Illinois is based on crop response to fertility levels in the top 7 inches of the soil, which is the proper sampling depth for pH, phosphorus, and potassium.

  How and When to Sample

Cores

• Soil samples should be a composite of 10 to 15 cores (whether grid or zone sampling) from the intended management area within a field, depending on field characteristics such as soil types, land or fertilizer uses, and terrain. Collecting 15-20 cores per area can improve representation.

  How and When to Sample

The wording in the source

Timing

• The soil test you use to calculate a manure application rate for a particular field must be no more than 4 years old on the date that you apply manure to that field.

  IDEM CFO guidance manual, How often do I have to sample soil and manure? (See 327 IAC 19-7-5(c)), p. 25

• A different frequency may be approved in your manure management plan.

  IDEM CFO guidance manual, How often do I have to sample soil and manure?, p. 25

Area per sample

• The CFO rules specify that a soil test must be obtained that provides sufficient information about soil fertility to allow for nutrient recommendations for existing or planned crops and soil tests may not represent more than 20 acres per sample.

  IDEM CFO guidance manual, Soil Testing Topics, Can I composite soil samples… (See 327 IAC 19-7-5(c)), p. 26

Method

• Yes, you can use composite sampling techniques and average test results within areas of up to 20 acres.

  IDEM CFO guidance manual, Soil Testing Topics, p. 26

• The CFO rules require your soil testing procedures to be specified in your manure management plan.

  IDEM CFO guidance manual, Soil Testing Topics, p. 26

• Although not required, using a grid to determine the locations where you will take samples is a good practice

  IDEM CFO guidance manual, Can I use grid sampling techniques…?, p. 27

Cores

• For example, you can take multiple plugs or grab samples across a 20 acre area (12-15 samples is recommended), mix the samples in a container, and take one composite sample from the container to send to the lab.

  IDEM CFO guidance manual, Soil Testing Topics, p. 26

Who it applies to

• In Indiana, an animal feeding operation with at least 300 cattle, 600 swine or sheep, 30,000 poultry, or 500 horses in confinement is a confined feeding operation (CFO).

  IDEM CFO guidance manual, Who is subject to the Confined Feeding Regulations? (See IC 13-18-10-1)

• You need soil and manure nutrient information to determine the nitrogen and phosphorus application rates for every land application event

  IDEM CFO guidance manual, Other Topics (See 327 IAC 19-14-3(c)), p. 28

Laboratory and analysis

• phosphorus is the only element required in a soil test to comply with the CFO rules.

  IDEM CFO guidance manual, What specific elements must soil be tested for? (See 327 IAC 19-7-5(c) and 327 IAC 19-14-3), p. 26

• The soil phosphorus Bray P1/Mehlich 3 test must be used and soil phosphorus levels reported in parts per million (ppm).

  IDEM CFO guidance manual, What specific elements must soil be tested for?, p. 26

The wording in the source

Timing

• In most soils, try to sample fields once every four years.

  AY-368-W, Sample timing, p. 6

• In these circumstances, soil fertility can change rapidly and these fields should be sampled once every two years.

  AY-368-W, Sample timing (sandy or highly managed soils), p. 6

• The most convenient time to collect soil samples is when there is no standing crop in the field (i.e. in the spring prior to planting or in the fall after harvest).

  AY-368-W, Sample timing, p. 6

• Schedule soil sampling and testing prior to application of fertilizers or lime

  AY-368-W, Sample timing, p. 6

• Keep sample collection timing consistent to avoid year-to-year variability.

  AY-368-W, Sample timing, p. 6

Area per sample

• Collect at least one composite per 20 acres.

  AY-368-W, Soil sampling for whole-field management, p. 4

• Typical grid sizes range from 1 to 5 acres, with smaller grids (i.e., 2.5 acres or less) providing the best results.

  AY-368-W, Grid sampling, p. 5

• In most cases, zones are between 2 and 10 acres in size.

  AY-368-W, Zone-based sampling, p. 5

Method

• collect composite samples in a zig-zag pattern (Fig. 3).

  AY-368-W, Soil sampling for whole-field management, p. 4

• While grid sampling is preferred to whole-field sampling, it is inferior to the more informative zone-based sampling.

  AY-368-W, Grid sampling, p. 6

Depth

• 0-8 inches for pH/liming recommendations

  AY-368-W, Table 1, conventional tillage

• 0-4 inches for pH/liming

  AY-368-W, Table 1, conservation tillage (take separate samples)

• 0-8 inches for fertility analysis

  AY-368-W, Table 1, conservation tillage

Cores

• Typically, a composite sample should be comprised of between 10 and 20 subsamples.

  AY-368-W, Sample collection, step 6, p. 2

• As a rule of thumb, collect two subsamples per acre in a zone. Regardless of zone size, a minimum of five subsamples per zone should be collected.

  AY-368-W, Zone-based sampling, p. 5

• For a one-acre grid cell, collect at least five subsamples. For grid cells between 2.5 and 5 acres, collect between 8 and 10 subsamples.

  AY-368-W, Grid sampling, p. 5

Laboratory and analysis

• For this reason, it is often desirable to use the same soil-testing laboratory every year.

  AY-368-W, Soil testing laboratories, p. 3

• This will ensure that any observed change in soil-test results from year to year are attributable to true changes in soil fertility status and not due to deviations in testing practices between different laboratories.

  AY-368-W, Soil testing laboratories, p. 3

Field identifiers

• Names should contain identifiers to the field and sample number.

  AY-368-W, Sample collection, step 8, p. 3

• it is especially important that samples be labeled with the correct zone and that the location of each sample or zone is recorded.

  AY-368-W, Zone-based sampling, p. 5

The wording in the source

Timing

• Soil samples shall be obtained from each field in the MMP, and the soil samples shall be four years old or less.

  567 IAC 65.111(11)

• An operation must submit a complete MMP using a new phosphorus index, including soil sampling as required in subrule 65.111(11), for each field in the MMP a minimum of once every four years.

  567 IAC 65.111(12)"h"(3)

Area per sample

• Each soil sample shall represent no more than ten acres. For fields less than or equal to 15 acres, only one soil sample is necessary.

  567 IAC 65.111(11)"c"

• If manure is applied as phosphorus-based rates within soil sampling periods, each soil sample may represent up to 20 acres for the next required soil sampling.

  567 IAC 65.111(11)"f"

Method

• Acceptable soil sampling strategies include but are not limited to grid sampling, management zone sampling, and soil type sampling.

  567 IAC 65.111(11)"a"

• Procedural details can be taken from Iowa State University Extension and Outreach publication CROP 31-8, “Take a Good Soil Sample to Help Make Good Fertilization Decisions,” NCR-13 Report 348, “Soil Sampling for Variable-Rate Fertilizer and Lime Application,” effective January 1, 2001, or other credible soil sampling publications.

  567 IAC 65.111(11)"a"

Depth

• with each core containing soil from the top six inches of the soil profile.

  567 IAC 65.111(11)"b"

Cores

• Each soil sample must be a composite of at least ten soil cores from the sampling area, with each core containing soil from the top six inches of the soil profile.

  567 IAC 65.111(11)"b"

Who it applies to

• Soil sampling requirements for fields where the phosphorus index must be used. Soil samples shall be obtained from each field in the MMP

  567 IAC 65.111(11), heading

• An applicant for a construction permit for a confinement feeding operation.

  567 IAC 65.110(1)"a"

• The owner of a confinement feeding operation, other than a SAFO, if one of the following applies:

  567 IAC 65.110(1)"b"

• The owner constructs a manure storage structure, regardless of whether the person is required to be issued a permit for the construction

  567 IAC 65.110(1)"b"(2)

• A person who applies manure in Iowa that was produced in a confinement feeding operation, other than a small operation, located outside of Iowa.

  567 IAC 65.110(1)"c"

• The confinement feeding operation was constructed or expanded after May 31, 1985, regardless of whether the confinement feeding operation structure was required to have a construction permit.

  567 IAC 65.110(1)"b"(1)

• A person who submits an MMP shall include a phosphorus index as part of the MMP as required in subrule 65.111(12).

  567 IAC 65.111(1)"c"

Outside the rule

• “Small AFO” or “SAFO” means an AFO that has an animal unit capacity of 500 or fewer animal units.

  567 IAC 65.1, definitions

• However, an MMP shall not be required of an applicant for an egg washwater storage structure or for a SAFO.

  567 IAC 65.110(1)"a"

• An AFO otherwise required to submit an updated MMP and pay an annual compliance fee may make an election to be considered a SAFO for purposes of filing updated MMPs and annual compliance fees if the confinement feeding operation maintains an animal unit capacity of 500 or fewer animal units.

  567 IAC 65.110(1)"e"(2)

• A research college is exempt from this subrule and the MMP requirements of rule … for research activities and experiments performed under the authority of the research college and related to confinement feeding operations.

  567 IAC 65.110(1)"e"(1)

Laboratory and analysis

• Each soil sample shall be analyzed for phosphorus and pH.

  567 IAC 65.111(11)

• Soil analysis must be performed by a lab enrolled in the Iowa department of agriculture and land stewardship (IDALS) soil testing certification program.

  567 IAC 65.111(11)"d"

• If soil pH is greater than or equal to 7.4, soil phosphorus data from the Bray-1 extraction method is not acceptable for use with the phosphorus index.

  567 IAC 65.111(11)"e"

The wording in the source

Timing

• Fields should be sampled every 2-4 years for most crops, or once in a crop rotation.

  CROP 3108, How often to sample and test, p. 4

• Fields should be in the same crop each time sampled in order to reduce the temporal variability of test results.

  CROP 3108, How often to sample and test, p. 4

• Ideally, the best time would be after harvest and before fertilization. Do not sample shortly after a lime, fertilizer, or manure application or when the soil is excessively dry or wet.

  CROP 3108, When to sample, p. 1

• Sampling at other times such as in the winter, and especially with frozen soil, is discouraged

  CROP 3108, When to sample, p. 1

Area per sample

• No one grid size best fits all fields, but a suggested minimum size is one sample per 2.5 acres. If considering a larger grid sampling size, a zone sampling approach would likely be more effective.

  CROP 3108, Sampling using a grid pattern, p. 3

• Each sample should represent a uniform field area with similar past management.

  CROP 3108, Sampling using soil maps and management zones, p. 1

Method

• For soil map unit and management zone sampling, or to represent the entire area of a grid cell, take separate cores in a random zigzag pattern from each sampling area.

  CROP 3108, Collecting a representative sample, p. 4

• For grid-point sampling, take the cores in a random pattern from the area of the identified sample point, which should be at least 50 feet in diameter.

  CROP 3108, Collecting a representative sample, p. 4

Depth

• Use this sample depth in all tillage systems when sampling for P, K, Zn, and organic matter.

  CROP 3108, Sampling depth, p. 4 (the depth is 0 to 6 inches)

• from a depth of 0 to 6 inches because research has shown that is the best and most cost-effective depth for Iowa conditions.

  CROP 3108, Sampling depth, p. 4

• Samples for pH and buffer pH should be collected from a depth of 6 inches when the field is managed with tillage, but from the top 2-3 inches in no-till fields and forages for hay or pasture

  CROP 3108, Sampling depth, p. 4

Cores

• As a minimum, take 10-12 cores or borings per sample and place all soil in a sample bag.

  CROP 3108, Collecting a representative sample, p. 4

• For better representation of the average condition within an area, take 15 to 20 cores. Take at least 20 cores if the field has recent banded fertilizer or manure.

  CROP 3108, Collecting a representative sample, p. 4

Laboratory and analysis

• In these tillage and cropping conditions the laboratory must be informed that the sample was taken from a depth of 2-3 inches or that the lime will not be incorporated.

  CROP 3108, Sampling depth, p. 4

Field identifiers

• Check that each bag clearly identifies the field and sample area with a unique number.

  CROP 3108, Sending samples for testing, p. 4

The wording in the source

Timing

• every 2 to 4 years

  MF734, Sampling Frequency table, Row crops, immobile nutrients

• Consistent time in rotation

  MF734, Sampling Frequency table, Row crops

• before responsive crops

  MF734, Sampling Frequency table, Row crops, mobile nutrients

• Fall or spring

  MF734, Sampling Frequency table, Sampling Time for Row crops (immobile) and Permanent sod

• Soil samples for nitrate testing should be collected in the late fall or early spring before significant mineralization has occurred.

  MF734, When to Sample and What to Test

• Every 2 to 4 years

  MF734, Sampling Frequency table, Permanent sod

Method

• Draw a map of the sample area on the information sheet and divide your fields into uniform areas. Each area should have the same soil texture, color, slope, and fertilization and cropping history.

  MF734, Soil Sample Collection, step 2

Depth

• Row crops should be sampled at 6 inches deep and permanent sod at 4 inches. For available nitrogen, chloride, or sulfur tests, a 24-inch sample is necessary.

  MF734, Soil Sample Collection, step 3

Cores

• From each area, sample 10 to 15 cores or slices.

  MF734, Soil Sample Collection, step 3

Field identifiers

• Label the soil container clearly. Record the sample identification on the container and information sheet.

  MF734, Soil Sample Collection, step 5

The wording in the source

Timing

• Most fields should be sampled every three to four years.

  AGR-16, Sample Timing, p. 1

• High-value crops, such as tobacco, commercial horticultural crops, alfalfa, red clover, and corn silage, should be sampled annually so that plant nutrient levels can be monitored more closely.

  AGR-16, Sample Timing, p. 1

• Application of manure can change soil test phosphorus, potassium, and zinc levels dramatically, so sampling manured fields each year is also recommended.

  AGR-16, Sample Timing, p. 1

• Soil samples can be collected through much of the year, although fall (September to December) or spring (February to April) are the best times.

  AGR-16, Sample Timing, p. 1

• In either case, a field should always be sampled the same time of the year in order to make historical comparisons.

  AGR-16, Sample Timing, p. 1

Area per sample

• An individual sample should represent no more than 20 acres except when soils, past management, and cropping history are quite uniform.

  AGR-16, Collecting Field Crop Samples, p. 1

• Currently the industry standard grid size is 2.5 acres, but Kentucky research shows that variability within areas as small as one acre can be as great as the variability within the entire field.

  AGR-16, Grid Soil Sampling, p. 2

Method

• The most representative sample can be obtained from a large field by sampling smaller areas on the basis of soil type, cropping history, erosion, or past management practices (Figure 2).

  AGR-16, Collecting Field Crop Samples, p. 1

• If a few years of yield maps are available, these can help identify areas of the field that should be sampled separately.

  AGR-16, Collecting Field Crop Samples, p. 1

• Because soil variability is so high, it is important to treat each grid cell as a field.

  AGR-16, Grid Soil Sampling, p. 2

Depth

• Take soil cores to the depth of the tillage operation (usually 6 to 8 inches).

  AGR-16, Sample Depth, Tilled Areas, p. 3

• Take soil cores to a depth of 3 to 4 inches for pastures, no-till planting (where fertilizer or lime remains on the soil surface), and minimum-till planting (where fertilizer is incorporated only in the surface 1 to 2 inches).

  AGR-16, Sample Depth, Non- or Reduced-Tilled Areas, p. 3

Cores

• Collect at least 10 soil cores for small areas and up to 30 cores for larger fields.

  AGR-16, Collecting Field Crop Samples, p. 1

• At least 10 random samples should be collected across the entire grid cell, rather than a few cores from the center of the grid (Figure 3).

  AGR-16, Grid Soil Sampling, p. 2

Field identifiers

• Keep good records indicating where each sample was taken.

  AGR-16, Collecting Field Crop Samples, p. 1

The wording in the source

Timing

• Frequency of testing: Test soil at least once every two to three years or once per complete crop rotation.

  P3934, Soil Sampling Procedure, item 1, p. 2

• Take soil samples at the same time each year, maintaining a consistent depth of 0 to 6 inches using a soil probe or auger (see Figure 1).

  P3934, Soil Sampling Procedure, item 2, p. 2

Area per sample

• Zone sampling: Take one composite sample for every 10 acres.

  P3934, Sampling density, p. 2

• Grid sampling: Take one composite sample for every 2.5 acres. A smaller grid is better than a large grid. For new fields without prior soil testing information, it is advisable to start with a smaller grid (1 acre).

  P3934, Sampling density, p. 2

Method

• Collect subsamples in a zigzag pattern within each zone or grid.

  P3934, Soil Sampling Procedure, p. 2

• In furrow irrigation systems, sample from the top of the bed, 4 to 6 inches away from the crop row.

  P3934, Preparation for sampling, p. 2

Depth

• Take soil samples at the same time each year, maintaining a consistent depth of 0 to 6 inches using a soil probe or auger (see Figure 1).

  P3934, Soil Sampling Procedure, item 2, p. 2

Cores

• Each composite sample should include 12 to 15 subsamples (one to two per acre for zone sampling and five to six per acre for grid sampling).

  P3934, Subsample collection, p. 2

• More subsamples are required for fields with past fertilizer banding or manure spreading.

  P3934, Soil Sampling Procedure, p. 2

Laboratory and analysis

• Test soil samples in a certified soil lab, such as the LSU AgCenter Soil Testing and Plant Analysis Lab in Baton Rouge.

  P3934, Soil Testing, item 1, p. 3

• In Louisiana, fertilizer recommendations are based on the Mehlich-3 soil extraction method for samples collected from a 0- to 6-inch depth.

  P3934, Soil Testing, item 1, p. 3

• Analyze soil samples in the same lab each year to maintain a consistent historic record.

  P3934, Soil Testing, item 2, p. 3

Field identifiers

• Clearly label the bag with the farm name and location, sampling date and depth, previous crop and the expected crop to be grown.

  P3934, Sample handling, p. 2

The wording in the source

Timing

• Results of soil and manure tests and an analysis of any off-farm nutrients planned for growing crops. These tests must be updated at least every 5 years;

  Maine DACF Nutrient Management Plans brochure (guidance, not the statute), What are some components of an NMP?

• Each field should be soil tested at least once every 5 years to determine P, K, Mg, Ca and pH levels.

  Maine DACF Manure Utilization Guidelines (guidance, not the statute), item b, Soil test each field

Who it applies to

• Results of soil tests for land designated in the plan for manure spreading or manure irrigation;

  7 M.R.S. section 4204(1-A)(E)

• A farm that confines and feeds 50 or more animal units at any one time;

  7 M.R.S. section 4204(2)(A)

• A farm that stores or utilizes more than 100 tons of manure per year not generated on that farm;

  7 M.R.S. section 4204(2)(B)

• A farm that is the subject of a verified complaint of improper manure handling; or

  7 M.R.S. section 4204(2)(C)

• A farm that stores or utilizes regulated residuals.

  7 M.R.S. section 4204(2)(D)

The wording in the source

Timing

• Test your soil at least once every three years.

  Bulletin 2286, How often should I test the soil?

• You may want to test more often if you have a problem area or if you’ve applied lots of nutrients.

  Bulletin 2286

• you should test soil well before the growing season, such as in early spring after the frost is out of the soil, or in the fall before the ground freezes.

  Bulletin 2286, What time of year should I test my soil?

Area per sample

• In areas where past treatments and soil types are uniform, limit the sampling area to 8 acres in size.

  Form, Instructions, 3 Areas of Sampling

• Low spots, trouble spots, and areas with obvious differences in soil type should be treated as separate sampling areas. Also, areas that have been treated differently in the past should be sampled separately.

  Form, Instructions, 3 Areas of Sampling

Method

• Make a permanent field sampling map for your reference when test results are returned.

  Form, Instructions, 3 Areas of Sampling

• Low spots, trouble spots, and areas with obvious differences in soil type should be treated as separate sampling areas.

  Form, Instructions, 3 Areas of Sampling

Depth

• Areas in sod, such as lawns or hayfields, should be sampled to a 3-or 4-inch depth. Areas under tree crops should be sampled to a 12-inch depth.

  Form, Instructions, Depth

• Areas to be planted to row crops or seeded down should be sampled to plow depth (or about 8 inches.)

  Form, Instructions, Depth

Cores

• Take soil from approximately l5 different spots in the sample area.

  Form, Instructions, Take Representative Sample (the PDF prints "l5" with a lower-case L)

Field identifiers

• The container from each sample area should be identified on the side with the identification of the sample area and your last name.

  Form, Instructions, 7 Label the Containers

• Be sure identifying names agree with your map of sample areas, so when test results are returned there will be no question of where the samples were taken.

  Form, Instructions, 7 Label the Containers

The wording in the source

Timing

• Soil analysis results for a plan are valid for 3 years, except if the following conditions exist and are documented by the consultant or certified farm operator:

  COMAR 15.20.08.05D(3)

Method

• Soil analysis results for each field or management unit shall be based on standard soil sampling and analysis methods acceptable to the Department.

  COMAR 15.20.08.05D(1)

• Soil samples collected from larger fields or acreage with uniform characteristics, including soil types, moisture, or fertility management history; crop rotations may be sampled as one management unit;

  COMAR 15.20.08.05D(2)(a)

• Soil samples from fields, such as those common to strip cropping, which may be combined if the soils, previous cropping history, and soil fertility management are similar; and

  COMAR 15.20.08.05D(2)(b)

• Any specialized production unit which may warrant smaller sampling units.

  COMAR 15.20.08.05D(2)(c)

Who it applies to

• Has a gross annual income of $2,500 or more, or has eight or more animal units.

  COMAR 15.20.08.03B(2)(b), definition of agricultural operation

• An operator who uses chemical fertilizer, animal manure, or biosolids, as provided in Regulation .04A of this chapter, shall have a nutrient management plan

  COMAR 15.20.07.05A

Outside the rule

• A less frequent soil analysis is required to implement a management system based on new technologies;

  COMAR 15.20.08.05D(3)(a)

• The management system does not require any nutrient application; or

  COMAR 15.20.08.05D(3)(b)

• The management system requires nutrient application at a frequency less than once every 3 years.

  COMAR 15.20.08.05D(3)(c)

Laboratory and analysis

• Soil analysis results for each field or management unit shall be based on standard soil sampling and analysis methods acceptable to the Department.

  COMAR 15.20.08.05D(1)

The wording in the source

Timing

• Soil samples should be collected at least once every three years, more often if possible.

  FS-1184, When to Sample, p. 1

• For each new round of soil sampling, consider collecting samples in the same month of the year to reduce seasonal effects and associated variability.

  FS-1184, When to Sample, p. 1

• sampling in the fall after harvest but before any nutrient applications is recommended.

  FS-1184, When to Sample, p. 1

• Do not collect soil samples within a minimum of six weeks of fertilizer or manure applications to reduce the risk of more variable and non-representative results.

  FS-1184, When to Sample, p. 1

Method

• Sample a management unit by pulling individual soil cores randomly throughout the entire management unit and mixing those cores into one sample for analysis.

  FS-1184, How to Sample, p. 3

• Grid- or zone-based precision soil sampling may be appropriate when considering intended farm management, equipment capabilities, and field features.

  FS-1184, Where to Sample, p. 1

Depth

• For soil fertility assessment of cropland and pasture fields and the Fall Soil Nitrate Test (FSNT), sample to a depth of 0 to 8 inches (see Figures 5 and 6).

  FS-1184, Soil Sampling Depth, p. 3

• For pasture and continuous no-till cropland fields, a second sample to a depth of 0 to 2 inches is recommended to be taken and analyzed for pH only.

  FS-1184, Soil Sampling Depth, p. 3

Cores

• Collect a minimum of 15 to 20 soil cores from field management units that are ~20 acres or less. At least one soil core per acre is recommended for management units that are 20 to 30 acres. A sampling intensity of less than one soil core per acre is acceptable for management units exceeding 40 acres.

  FS-1184, How to Sample, p. 3

Laboratory and analysis

• A list of regional soil testing laboratories suitable for nutrient management planning in Maryland can be found at the University of Maryland Agricultural Nutrient Management Program’s (UM-ANMP) website.

  FS-1184, Sample Preparation, p. 4

The wording in the source

Timing

• soil samples from the upper six inches must be collected at a minimum frequency of once every four years and analyzed for phosphorus using the Bray P1 or Olsen test.

  Minn. R. 7020.2225, subp. 3, item C

Depth

• soil samples from the upper six inches must be collected at a minimum frequency of once every four years

  Minn. R. 7020.2225, subp. 3, item C

Who it applies to

• For land receiving manure or process wastewater from animal feedlots capable of holding 300 or more animal units or manure storage areas capable of holding the manure produced by 300 or more animal units,

  Minn. R. 7020.2225, subp. 3, item C

• Item C applies only to animal feedlots with a capacity of 300 or more animal units and manure storage areas capable of holding the manure produced by 300 or more animal units.

  Minn. R. 7020.2225, subp. 3, opening

Laboratory and analysis

• analyzed for phosphorus using the Bray P1 or Olsen test. If soil phosphorus levels exceed the levels in subitems (1) and (2), then the owner must complete a manure management plan in accordance with subpart 4, item D, and submit it with a permit application to the agency or delegated county for review

  Minn. R. 7020.2225, subp. 3, item C

The wording in the source

Timing

• Test each field once every 3 years or once per crop rotation.

  P3858, How Often and When to Test

• For fall plantings, take samples in May, June, July, and early August. For spring plantings, collect the samples the latter part of October, November, December, and January.

  P3858, How Often and When to Test

Method

• Gather cores at random in a zigzag pattern over the area involved.

  P3858, Get a composite sample, 3b

• Sample a row-crop field between the rows, thus avoiding fertilizer band areas.

  P3858, How to Take Good Samples, 2d

• Using a soil map, sample the soils in a field; sample separately the light- and dark-colored soils and recently limed and unlimed areas (see map next page).

  P3858, How to Take Good Samples, 2a

• Divide fields into uniform areas.

  P3858, step 4

Depth

• Sample cropland to plow depth or another constant depth, depending on crop and tillage practices. Generally, a 6-inch depth is recommended.

  P3858, How to Take Good Samples, 2b

• Sample pastures and lawns to a 4- to 6-inch depth.

  P3858, How to Take Good Samples, 2c

Cores

• To get a representative soil sample, gather at least 15 to 20 cores. If the tilled soil has been limed or fertilized by broadcasting in the last 2 years, take 30 or more individual cores, depending on soil variability or unknown locations of fertilizer bands.

  P3858, Get a composite sample, 3a

Field identifiers

• Label carefully to ensure identification (maximum of five digits or characters).

  P3858, Process the soil sample, 5d

• Prepare a map or sketch of your farm or field layout, showing areas sampled.

  P3858, Process the soil sample, 5d

The wording in the source

Timing

• Fields should be re-sampled before manure application when:

  NMTS, III A1(1)f

• The soil test is greater than five years old; or

  NMTS, III A1(1)f.i

• Phosphate surplus (actual applied phosphate minus actual removed phosphate) for the field has exceeded 500 lbs/acre since the last soil test;

  NMTS, III A1(1)f.ii

Area per sample

• The average field area represented by a soil sample should be approximately 20 acres or less;

  NMTS, III A1(1)b

• Grid size should be less than three acres and at least 10 cores should be obtained from within 15 feet of the central grid point;

  NMTS, III A1(1)d

Method

• MU Guides G9215 (for pastures) and G9217 (for row and hay crops);

  NMTS, III A1(1)a

• operations may elect to use a geo-referenced grid soil sampling method instead.

  NMTS, III A1(1)d

Depth

• Soil sampling depth should be six to eight inches;

  NMTS, III A1(1)e

Cores

• Each soil sample should be comprised of a well-mixed subsample derived from at least 15 representative cores from the sampled field area; more cores are recommended on pastures or where phosphorus has been band applied;

  NMTS, III A1(1)c

• Grid size should be less than three acres and at least 10 cores should be obtained from within 15 feet of the central grid point;

  NMTS, III A1(1)d

Who it applies to

• The department’s CAFO regulations require the development and implementation of a field specific Nutrient Management Plan (NMP), meeting the criteria prescribed in 10 CSR 20-6.300(5)(A)-(I), at all Class I CAFOs.

  NMTS, I.A Authority and Purpose

• CAFOs will qualify for the Agriculture Stormwater Discharge exemption when they can demonstrate compliance with this NMTS at the time of a precipitation-related discharge from land application areas.

  NMTS, I.A Authority and Purpose

Laboratory and analysis

• Soil samples should be analyzed at soil testing laboratories accredited by the Missouri Soil Testing Association

  NMTS, III A1(1)g

• using procedures recommended by the University of Missouri Soil Testing Laboratory.

  NMTS, III A1(1)g

The wording in the source

Timing

• Sample your fields every three to five years. It is also recommended that you sample a field at the same time of year as your last sample because some soil test levels fluctuate during the year.

  G9217, When should I sample?

• It is best to wait at least three months after application of phosphorus fertilizer, lime or manure before taking a soil sample.

  G9217, When should I sample?

• The best time to collect soil samples is when the field is idle and enough time is available to plan fertilizer and lime applications for the next crop.

  G9217, When should I sample?

• Sampling after harvest in the fall and winter usually works best for forages and spring-seeded crops.

  G9217, When should I sample?

• For winter wheat and fall-seeded crops, sampling while the field is idle in the summer works well.

  G9217, When should I sample?

Area per sample

• Typical sampling areas should not exceed 20 acres.

  G9217, How should I divide my fields?

• Grid soil sampling is a method of intensively sampling your field, typically obtaining a sample for every 2.5 acres or less.

  G9217, Should I grid sample my field?

Method

• When creating a soil-sampling plan for fields and farms, the objective is to divide fields into areas that you expect to have similar characteristics or you are likely to manage similarly.

  G9217, How should I divide my fields?

• The best approach is to travel across the entire area to be sampled in a zigzag pattern randomly selecting spots to take a core (Figure 1).

  G9217, How to collect a soil sample

• This method of sampling is typically used when a farmer uses variable rate technology to apply fertilizers or lime.

  G9217, Should I grid sample my field?

• Grid sampling is most justified on high value and high yielding soils, particularly when you anticipate significant variations in soil test levels including low testing areas within a field. It can also be useful the first time you sample the soil in a field with an unknown history.

  G9217, Should I grid sample my field?

Depth

• Sampling depth is 6 to 7 inches for most objectives.

  G9217, How to collect a soil sample

• A separate sample from 0 to 2 inches should be taken in long-term no-till fields to monitor surface pH.

  G9217, How to collect a soil sample

Cores

• Your objective is to collect from 10 to 20 cores from the area to be sampled (Figure 1).

  G9217, How to collect a soil sample

• Take 15 to 20 cores on fields with a history of manure, banded fertilizer applications and other expected sources of variation. Fewer cores (10 to 15) are needed on uniform fields with a history of broadcast fertilization.

  G9217, How to collect a soil sample

• On fields where the location of injection bands for fertilizer or manure is known, the objective is to take 30 cores using the following method:

  G9217, Sampling Fields After Banded Fertilizer Applications

Laboratory and analysis

• Be sure to use a lab that has been accredited by Missouri Soil Testing Association (MSTA).

  G9217, Submitting your soil samples

Field identifiers

• Label the sample with field and subfield names.

  G9217, Submitting your soil samples

The wording in the source

Timing

• Therefore, sampling in late fall to mid-spring is recommended to best capture growing season N availability.

  Soil Scoop, Timing

• If fall nitrate levels are very high (e.g., greater than about 60 lb N/acre) and soil depth is less than two feet, a second sampling in spring is strongly suggested because there is a high likelihood of overwinter nitrate losses.

  Soil Scoop, Timing

Method

• Grid sampling is good for fields with a history of manure or high fertilizer levels (especially P and K), and small fields merged to form a larger field.

  Soil Scoop, Location

• Zone based sampling is suggested for fields with unknown or long cropping history, historically low levels of fertilization, no manure applications, and high with-in field variability or a relationship of yield to landscape.

  Soil Scoop, Location

• Uniform fields can be randomly sampled throughout the entire field.

  MontGuide MT200803AG, Random Sampling

• All sampling points should be georeferenced with a global positioning system (GPS) receiver and sampled in the same locations in subsequent years to track soil nutrient variation in a field, to see long-term trends, and to guide fertilizer application location.

  MontGuide MT200803AG, Types of Sampling

Depth

• Pasture and forage get sampled to 12-inch depth, and annual crops to 6-inch for most characteristics and at least to 2-foot depth for N.

  Soil Scoop, Depth

Cores

• Ten subsamples per composite sample is a reasonable average. More subsamples require more time, but improve accuracy.

  Soil Scoop, Number

• if an accuracy level of ± 25% is deemed sufficient at a 90% confidence, then 12 subsamples per field (or zone) should be collected, composited and analyzed for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

  MontGuide MT200803AG, Number of Subsamples

Laboratory and analysis

• For example, soil P levels in Montana soils are best tested with the Olsen rather than Bray or Mehlich tests, which are not suitable for soil pH greater than 6.

  Soil Scoop, Lab Selection

• Also, Montana’s P fertilization guidelines are based on Olsen P values.

  Soil Scoop, Lab Selection

• Ask if the lab is enrolled in a ‘proficiency’ testing program.

  Soil Scoop, Lab Selection

• If a lab is reliable, stay with the same lab in subsequent years, because soil test results and recommendations can vary greatly among labs.

  Soil Scoop, Lab Selection

Field identifiers

• Keep records of sampling locations and timing.

  Soil Scoop, Location

• All sampling points should be georeferenced with a global positioning system (GPS) receiver

  MontGuide MT200803AG, Types of Sampling

The wording in the source

Timing

• Application site soils for phosphorus content before the initial application of manure, litter, or process wastewater and then at least once every five years thereafter if used for application;

  Title 130, Ch. 14, 001.11C

• Application site soils for nitrogen content before the initial application of manure, litter, or process wastewater, and then sample and analyze at least annually thereafter if used for application;

  Title 130, Ch. 14, 001.11B

Method

• land application area soil sampling procedures including sampling depths, soil analytic methods

  Title 130, Ch. 14, 001.10E

• University of Nebraska guidelines for sampling and analysis may be used. The Department may approve alternate methods as appropriate;

  Title 130, Ch. 14, 001.11E

Who it applies to

• Each applicant for a permit under these regulations shall submit a nutrient management plan that includes at a minimum the following information as applicable:

  Title 130, Ch. 14, 001

• For each field or field segment used for land application area:

  Title 130, Ch. 14, 001.10

Laboratory and analysis

• University of Nebraska guidelines for sampling and analysis may be used. The Department may approve alternate methods as appropriate;

  Title 130, Ch. 14, 001.11E

In force

• EFFECTIVE 09-23-2026

  Title 130, cover page

The wording in the source

Timing

• Late fall or early winter is a good time for soil sampling, except for testing nitrate-nitrogen on coarse-textured soils.

  G1740, Time of Sampling

• If leaching loss of nitrate-nitrogen in the root zone is suspected due to winter or spring precipitation, re-sample the field. Spring sampling prior to planting is the preferred option.

  G1740, Time of Sampling

Area per sample

• The University of Nebraska–Lincoln recommends that samples represent fields or areas within fields no larger than 40 acres.

  G1740, Collect Soil Cores

Method

• For uniform fertilizer application, collect soil samples randomly within representative areas of the field. If variable rate fertilizer application is anticipated, sample either in predefined management zones or in a grid pattern with known sample locations.

  G1740, Determine Sampling Approach

Depth

• In Nebraska, soil test correlation and calibrations for these tests are based on surface samples collected from 0-8 inches.

  G1740, Select Proper Sampling Depth

• Surface samples are used to determine soil pH, lime need, organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and zinc.

  G1740, Select Proper Sampling Depth

• To accurately predict nitrate-nitrogen in the root zone, subsurface samples should be collected to a depth of 3 feet. A 2-foot sample is the minimum sampling depth recommended for nitrate-nitrogen

  G1740, Select Proper Sampling Depth

Cores

• Acceptable measurement of the average nutrient status in a 40-acre area can be obtained with 10 to 15 randomly collected surface cores and six to eight subsoil cores for nitrate-nitrogen analysis.

  G1740, Collect Soil Cores

• Within each of the three management zones in Figure 2b, 10-15 cores should be collected and composited into a sample representing each zone.

  G1740, Figure 2 caption

The wording in the source

Timing

• Generally, soil should be sampled every two to three years for most crops. However, for high-value cash crops, soil should be sampled and tested before each crop is planted.

  FS-19-17, Time and frequency of soil testing

• it is recommended that sandy soils be sampled and tested every two to three years and clay soils be tested every three to four years.

  FS-19-17, Time and frequency of soil testing

• Soil should also be re-tested every year if nutrient levels are too high or low in previous tests to determine the changes in nutrient levels.

  FS-19-17, Time and frequency of soil testing

• it is recommended to sample around the same month of the year to reduce seasonal variations in soil test records. In general, the most important time to test soil is after harvest and before planting of a subsequent crop.

  FS-19-17, Time and frequency of soil testing

• Soil sampling soon after fertilizer or manure applications should be avoided.

  FS-19-17, Soil sample collection

Method

• Soil samples should be collected by dividing the field into similar units or blocks based upon differences in the soil. These differences could be in color, soil types, slope, drainage, degree of erosion, prior management, different crop or manure history, etc.

  FS-19-17, Soil sample collection

• For uniform fields, a simple random pattern across the field should be used to collect at least 15 to 20 soil cores to equal depths.

  FS-19-17, Soil sample collection

Depth

• Then, dig down to a plough depth of 15 cm (6 inches) for shallow-rooted crops and 30 cm (12 inches) for deep-rooted crops (Figure 5).

  FS-19-17, Basic steps

• in light-texture soils, where excessive leaching of nutrients occurs, separate deeper samples, down to 15-60 cm (6-24 inches), should be collected and analyzed to determine available nitrogen and sulfur in some cases

  FS-19-17, Basic steps

Cores

• Several random samples should be collected from each area of each unit or block (two or three subsamples per acre) in a zigzag pattern (Figure 4).

  FS-19-17, Soil sample collection

• For uniform fields, a simple random pattern across the field should be used to collect at least 15 to 20 soil cores to equal depths.

  FS-19-17, Soil sample collection

The wording in the source

Method

• The soil sample should be representative of the area for which you want recommendations. Avoid areas that have an obvious difference in soil type, drainage, or plant growth.

  Form page 2, Sampling instructions

Depth

• Each sample should be taken from a depth of 6-8” for row crops

  Form page 2, Sampling instructions (continues "and alfalfa")

• 4-6” for deep grass and pastures and 2-4” for no-till fields.

  Form page 2, Sampling instructions

Cores

• Take samples from 15-20 locations throughout the field and combine in a bucket.

  Form page 2, Sampling instructions

The wording in the source

Timing

• The soil is easier to sample when its moisture condition is suitable for plowing.

  Sampling Procedure

Method

• Mix the subsamples of a sampling area together in the container, breaking up large clumps. The goal is to provide a representative sample.

  Sampling Procedure

• Repeat for any separate areas that you wish to have tested.

  Sampling Procedure

Depth

• Use a trowel, spade, auger, or soil tube to obtain thin vertical slices or cores of soil from the surface to a depth of 6 – 8".

  Sampling Procedure

Cores

• Repeat this procedure at 11 – 15 locations within the sampling area, placing the subsamples together in the container.

  Sampling Procedure

The wording in the source

Timing

• Beginning in the year following the initial soil sampling required by this section, the permittee shall collect annual soil samples from each field within the land application area that has received or is actively receiving wastewater or stormwater.

  20.6.6.25.L NMAC

• For those fields that have never before received wastewater, the permittee shall collect soil samples immediately before initial wastewater application and annually thereafter.

  20.6.6.25.L NMAC

• Once a field has received wastewater it shall be sampled annually regardless of whether the field is cropped, remains fallow, or has recently received wastewater or stormwater.

  20.6.6.25.L NMAC

• A permittee shall collect composite soil samples from each field within the land application area for the first soil sampling event during the first year following the effective date of the discharge permit.

  20.6.6.25.K NMAC

Method

• Each surface and sub-surface soil sample shall consist of a single composite of 15 soil cores collected randomly throughout each field. Should a field consist of different soil textures (i.e., sandy and silty clay), a composite soil sample shall be collected from each soil texture within each field.

  20.6.6.25.L(1) NMAC

Depth

• One surface composite soil sample (first-foot) and two sub-surface composite soil samples (second-foot and third-foot) shall be collected from each field.

  20.6.6.25.L NMAC

• Surface soil samples (first-foot) shall be collected from a depth of 0 to 12 inches.

  20.6.6.25.L(2) NMAC

• Each second-foot sub-surface soil sample shall be collected from a depth of 12 to 24 inches.

  20.6.6.25.L(3) NMAC

• Each third-foot sub-surface soil sample shall be collected from a depth of 24 to 36 inches.

  20.6.6.25.L(4) NMAC

Cores

• Each surface and sub-surface soil sample shall consist of a single composite of 15 soil cores collected randomly throughout each field.

  20.6.6.25.L(1) NMAC

Who it applies to

• ADDITIONAL MONITORING REQUIREMENTS FOR DAIRY FACILITIES WITH A LAND APPLICATION AREA:

  20.6.6.25 NMAC, heading

• Beginning in the year following the initial soil sampling required by this section, the permittee shall collect annual soil samples from each field within the land application area that has received or is actively receiving wastewater or stormwater.

  20.6.6.25.L NMAC

Laboratory and analysis

• pH, electrical conductivity, sodium, calcium, and magnesium shall be analyzed using a saturated paste extract in accordance with the analytical methodology required by Subsection B of 20.6.6.24 NMAC. Phosphorus shall be analyzed using the Olsen sodium bicarbonate method

  20.6.6.25.L(7) NMAC

• Nitrate as nitrogen shall be analyzed by a 2 molar KCl extract

  20.6.6.25.L(7) NMAC

Field identifiers

• The permittee shall submit the analytical results and a map showing the fields and the sampling locations within each field to the department in the monitoring report due by May 1.

  20.6.6.25.L(8) NMAC

In force

• EFFECTIVE DATE: 01/31/2011, unless a later date is cited at the end of a section.

  20.6.6.5 NMAC

• [20.6.6.25 NMAC – N, 01/31/2011; A, 12/31/2011; A, 06/16/2015]

  20.6.6.25 NMAC, history note

The wording in the source

Timing

• It is recommended to test your soil every year before the crop season to assess its chemical and nutrient status. If that is not possible, then at least every other year.

  Guide A-146, Introduction

Area per sample

• Crop fields larger than 25 acres should be divided into separate sampling sections to capture differences within the field.

  Guide A-146, Collecting a Sample from the Field

Method

• Samples should be taken from areas that can be treated as distinct units (management zones).

  Guide A-146, Collecting a Sample from the Field

• When deciding how to divide a field, consider historical yield variation along with factors like slope, weed pressure, and soil type.

  Guide A-146, Collecting a Sample from the Field

• The recommended number of subsamples ensures that the sample is representative of a “management zone.” This area may be treated the same for watering, fertilizer application, and yield potential.

  Guide A-146, Collecting a Sample from the Field

Depth

• Areas that are not tilled, such as direct-seeded fields, orchards, vineyards, turfgrass, and perennial gardens, should be sampled to a depth of 6 to 8 inches. Any area that has been tilled, such as annual gardens, conventionally tilled production fields, or similar areas, should be sampled to a depth of 12 inches.

  Guide A-146, Collecting a Sample from the Field

Cores

• It usually takes 10 to 15 subsamples taken to the same depth and combined into one sample in order to be confident in the soil test results from any given lab.

  Guide A-146, Collecting a Sample from the Field

Laboratory and analysis

• Consider using laboratories that participate in the North American Proficiency Testing Program (Table 1).

  Guide A-146, Laboratories

• For New Mexico soils, pH should be determined on the saturated paste (pHs), which best reflects field conditions.

  Guide A-146, What Analyses to Request, pH

The wording in the source

Timing

• It is recommended to take soil samples at least once every 2 to 3 years.

  Fact Sheet #1, Establish a Regular Sampling Time

• Soil samples are best taken in the fall after harvest of the main season crop but can also be taken in the spring or summer.

  Fact Sheet #1, Establish a Regular Sampling Time

• Consistently sampling around the same month of the year will help reduce seasonal variation in soil tests

  Fact Sheet #1, Establish a Regular Sampling Time

• For soil pH, general soil fertility, and determination of soil nitrogen supply potential with the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test, do not sample within 5-6 weeks of fertilizer or manure application or sod termination.

  Fact Sheet #1, Obtain a Representative Sample

Area per sample

• Generally, each sample should represent 15 acres or less, and separate samples should be collected from areas with different crop history, fertility management, crop growth, slope, etc.

  Fact Sheet #1, Obtain a Representative Sample

• Grid cell size often ranges from 0.5 to about 6 acres.

  Fact Sheet #1, Obtain a Representative Sample

Method

• If a sample is needed to represent the entire field, and no prior information is available, take samples along a zig-zag pattern through the field.

  Fact Sheet #1, Obtain a Representative Sample

• Grid sampling may be used for larger fields and when zone-based management is desired.

  Fact Sheet #1, Obtain a Representative Sample

• Grid cells can be sampled separately over time or used to develop larger management zones, which can then be sampled separately in future years.

  Fact Sheet #1, Obtain a Representative Sample

Depth

• For field crops, under conventional tillage, sample the top 0-8 inches (Figure 1).

  Fact Sheet #1, Sample the Proper Depth

• For pastures, it is recommended to sample the top 0-6 inches. For no-till or minimum-till cropping systems, take two samples: one for pH from the 0-1 inch depth and another from the 0-6 inch depth for nutrient analyses.

  Fact Sheet #1, Sample the Proper Depth

Cores

• For best results, multiply the total acreage of the field by 2 to know roughly how many cores to combine across the field, with a 10-15 core minimum for smaller fields.

  Fact Sheet #1, Obtain a Representative Sample

• Each management zone should be sampled at an intensity that targets an average of two soil cores per acre or a full cup of soil to subsample.

  Fact Sheet #1, Obtain a Representative Sample

The wording in the source

Timing

• Collect samples three to six months before planting time.

  AG-439-30, When to Take Samples

• If possible, try to collect your samples at the same time every year.

  AG-439-30, When to Take Samples

• Sample the soil from perennial or sod-crop areas three to four months before establishing the crop or applying lime or fertilizer.

  AG-439-30, When to Take Samples

• If your farm is in the coastal plain region, it is best to test the soil every two to three years.

  AG-439-30, How Often to Sample

• In these areas, soil testing once every four years is usually sufficient.

  AG-439-30, How Often to Sample (piedmont and mountain regions)

Area per sample

• A sample should include cores from no more than about 20 acres even if the soil appears to be uniform over a larger area.

  AG-439-30, Where to Take Samples

Method

• Every soil sample you submit for testing should consist of about 15 to 20 cores taken at random locations throughout one field or area.

  AG-439-30, Where to Take Samples

• If the field you are sampling contains areas that are obviously different in slope, color, drainage, and texture and if those areas can be fertilized separately, submit a separate sample (consisting of 15 to 20 cores) for each area (Figure 1).

  AG-439-30, Where to Take Samples

Depth

• For areas in which field crops are grown, collect samples to the same depth that the field is plowed (usually about 8 inches)

  AG-439-30, How to Collect a Good Sample

• For fields when perennial crops such as fescue, alfalfa, and turf are being maintained, samples taken to a depth of 4 inches will best represent the crop

  AG-439-30, How to Collect a Good Sample

Cores

• Every soil sample you submit for testing should consist of about 15 to 20 cores taken at random locations throughout one field or area.

  AG-439-30, Where to Take Samples

The wording in the source

Timing

• Soil samples for nitrate-N analysis may be taken immediately after any grain harvest.

  SF990, Sample Collection Timing

• obtaining soil samples for K analysis at the same time each year is important.

  SF990, Sample Collection Timing

Area per sample

• Grid sampling can reveal soil test value patterns, provided the sampling is conducted in a dense grid of one sample per acre (Franzen and Peck, 1995).

  SF990, Sampling for Within-field Soil Test Values

• Extensive research in North Dakota has indicated that any grid density less than this, such as one sample per 2.5 acres, is inadequate to reveal actual soil test patterns in fields.

  SF990, Sampling for Within-field Soil Test Values

Method

• Grid sampling is recommended in North Dakota only in areas with large manure applications or in fields that have received large amounts of buildup P and K fertilizers.

  SF990, Sampling for Within-field Soil Test Values

• Zones should be developed using at least two tools (Franzen et al., 2011).

  SF990, Zone Sampling

• Aerial imagery from piloted aircraft or drones … satellite imagery of growing crops … soil electrical conductivity sensors … multiyear yield maps … topography developed from subinch accuracy GPS elevation … may be used to help develop zones for use in soil sampling.

  SF990, Zone Sampling

• The pattern of grid sampling should be a systematic, unaligned grid as illustrated in Figure 7.

  SF990, Sampling for Within-field Soil Test Values

Depth

• For soil pH, P, K, Zn, copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn), sampling the 0- to 6-inch depth is required because that is the depth of sampling related to crop response in this region.

  SF990, Depth of Sampling, Nutrients

• For soil nitrate-N and chloride, a 0- to 2-foot core is required. Instead of analyzing just one 0- to 2-foot core, dividing the core into a 0- to 6-inch core and a 6- to 24-inch core, and analyzing each one separately would be instructive.

  SF990, Depth of Sampling, Nutrients

• Therefore, in fields under no-till systems, the 0- to 2-inch depth should be separated and analyzed separately for soil pH, P and K in addition to analyzing soil at the 2- to 6-inch depth.

  SF990, Tillage System

Cores

• Generally, eight to 10 cores should be obtained randomly within a zone for the value to be reproducible.

  SF990, Sampling Within a Zone

The wording in the source

Area per sample

• Even after careful consideration to the field landscape and variability, no individual sample zone should represent more than 25 acres.

  AGF-513, Taking a Representative Soil Test

• A 360 X 360 foot grid results in a systematic sampling pattern for each 2.5 acres in a field.

  AGF-513, Systematic Grid Sampling

Method

• Systematic grid sampling and zone management are the two primary methods of dividing field areas for soil sampling using precision applications (Table 2).

  AGF-513, Soil Sampling with Precision Agriculture

• Follow a zigzag pattern over the sample area when zone sampling (Figure 2).

  AGF-513, Taking the Soil Cores

• Georeferenced sample points may give a better opportunity to compare sample trends over time by returning to near the same point in future years.

  AGF-513, Zone Management

Depth

• Most soil tests are calibrated using an 8-inch sampling depth, which corresponds to the plow depth. Management in no-till systems may benefit from a 0–2 inch sample for pH, especially where pH-sensitive herbicides are used.

  AGF-513, Taking the Soil Cores

Cores

• For a standard soil sample, take at least 15 sample cores from each field area of 25 acres or less into one composite sample.

  AGF-513, Taking the Soil Cores

• If the field has a history of banded fertilizer applications, increase the number of samples to 20–25 cores.

  AGF-513, Taking the Soil Cores

• Sample points should be taken randomly with 10–15 cores per sample area of up to 25 acres.

  AGF-513, Zone Management

• Soil samples are collected at each sample point within a 10-foot diameter circle, with two cores pulled from each quadrant, for a total of eight cores.

  AGF-513, Systematic Grid Sampling

Laboratory and analysis

• Standards for laboratory procedure and extraction solutions have been established by land-grant universities in the publication Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region. It is a good practice to ask if the laboratory utilizes these procedures in their analysis process.

  AGF-513, Sending the Sample to the Testing Lab

The wording in the source

Timing

• Every poultry feeding operation located in a non-nutrient-limited watershed and non-nutrient-vulnerable groundwaters shall perform soil testing on each land-application area and poultry waste testing at least once every three (3) years

  2 O.S. Section 10-9.7(F)

• Every poultry feeding operation located in a nutrient-limited watershed and nutrient-vulnerable groundwater shall perform an annual soil test on each land-application area prior to the first application of the calendar year.

  2 O.S. Section 10-9.7(G)

• Soil and poultry waste analysis data shall be retained by the poultry feeding operation for a minimum of six (6) years.

  2 O.S. Section 10-9.7(H)(1)

• All soil and poultry waste analysis data shall be dated prior to land application.

  2 O.S. Section 10-9.7(H)(2)

Who it applies to

• Every poultry feeding operation shall have a Nutrient Management Plan which shall include at a minimum:

  2 O.S. Section 10-9.7(C)

• All nutrient analysis data for soil and poultry waste testing;

  2 O.S. Section 10-9.7(C)(3)

• poultry have been, are or will be confined and fed or maintained for a total of forty-five (45) days or more in any twelve-month period,

  2 O.S. Section 10-9.1(B)(20)(a), definition of poultry feeding operation

• crops, vegetation, forage growth or post-harvest residues are not sustained in the normal growing season over any portion of the property or facility, and

  2 O.S. Section 10-9.1(B)(20)(b)

• producing over ten (10) tons of poultry waste per year;

  2 O.S. Section 10-9.1(B)(20)(c)

Laboratory and analysis

• Soil pH and plant-available nutrients including, at a minimum, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium;

  2 O.S. Section 10-9.7(F)(1)

The wording in the source

Timing

• In general, test every 2 to 3 years for annual crops, pastures, and legumes, and test every 3 to 5 years for Christmas trees, fruit and nut trees, berries, and grapes. Take samples at the same time of year so results are comparable from year to year.

  EC 628, How often should I collect a soil sample?

• Testing these soils in the late summer or fall allows time for these amendments to react with the soil before the following growing season.

  EC 628, When should I collect my soil sample? (high rainfall areas of western Oregon)

• the most important time to test the soil is before planting so necessary nutrients can be incorporated into the soil.

  EC 628, When should I collect my soil sample? (perennial crops)

Method

• The area from which to collect a soil sample may depend on the soil type, topography, crops grown, management history, or all of the above.

  EC 628, Where should I collect a soil sample?

• Avoid sampling in small areas where you know that conditions are different from the rest of the field (for example, former manure piles, fertilizer bands, or fence lines).

  EC 628, Avoid unusual areas

Depth

• For most annual and perennial crops, sample from the surface down to about 6 inches (Figure 5) or to the depth of tillage.

  EC 628, Take the soil sample to the correct depth

• Collect samples at the same depth. For example, if you take initial samples at a 6-inch depth, keep that same depth for all future samples

  EC 628, Take the soil sample to the correct depth

Cores

• Each sample should consist of subsamples taken from 15 to 20 locations within the sampling area (Figure 2).

  EC 628, Take 15 to 20 subsamples

The wording in the source

Timing

• After the approval of the initial plan, soil tests are required for each crop management unit at least every 3 years from the date of the last test.

  25 Pa. Code Section 83.292(e)(4)

• Soil tests conducted within the previous 3 years prior to submitting the initial plan are acceptable.

  25 Pa. Code Section 83.292(e)(2)

Method

• When developing the initial plan, soil tests shall be conducted for each crop management unit on the operation, to determine the level of phosphorus (as P), potassium (as K), and soil pH

  25 Pa. Code Section 83.292(e)

• The portion of cropland, hayland and pasture, including a field, a portion of a field, or group of fields, on an agricultural operation that has a unique management history (same rotation and manure history), similar production capability, and that will be managed uniformly as a distinct unit.

  25 Pa. Code Section 83.201, definition of crop management unit

Who it applies to

• NMP operations shall meet the plan requirements of

  25 Pa. Code Section 83.261 (the list includes Sections 83.291 to 83.294)

• CAOs, VAOs and operations required to develop compliance plans under section 506(j) of the act (relating to nutrient management plans).

  25 Pa. Code Section 83.201, definition of NMP operation (nutrient management plan operation)

• Agricultural operations with eight or more animal equivalent units where the animal density exceeds two AEUs per acre on an annualized basis.

  25 Pa. Code Section 83.201, definition of CAO (concentrated animal operation)

• An agricultural operation other than a CAO may voluntarily submit a plan at any time after October 1, 1997.

  25 Pa. Code Section 83.261(5)

Laboratory and analysis

• The soil test procedures used must provide accurate test results. The procedures recommended by the Pennsylvania State University and published in Recommended Soil Testing Procedures for the Northeastern United States, Bulletin #493, published by the University of Delaware, may be used to meet this requirement. Other procedures shall be approved by the Commission.

  25 Pa. Code Section 83.292(e)(1)

• The plan must include an appendix containing a summary of the results of the soil test analyses for each crop management unit showing the following:

  25 Pa. Code Section 83.292(e)(3)

• The date of the soil tests and the name of the lab performing the tests.

  25 Pa. Code Section 83.292(e)(3)(iv)

In force

• The provisions of this § 83.292 amended June 2, 2006, effective October 1, 2006, 36 Pa.B. 2636.

  25 Pa. Code Section 83.292, Source note

The wording in the source

Timing

• A regular soil testing program should be followed in fields by sampling at least every three years or when the cropping system in a field significantly changes.

  Soil Testing

• The best time to sample from a logistical standpoint is in the fall. However, when establishing a forage crop, soil samples should be collected at least six months prior to establishment to allow for soil pH adjustments, if necessary.

  Guidelines for Taking a Soil Sample

Area per sample

• One sample should not represent more than 10 to 20 acres.

  Guidelines for Taking a Soil Sample

Method

• Take cores from at least 15 to 20 spots randomly over the field to obtain a representative sample.

  Guidelines for Taking a Soil Sample

• Sample between old crop rows. Avoid old fencerows, dead furrows, and other spots that are not representative of the whole field.

  Guidelines for Taking a Soil Sample

• Take separate samples from known problem areas.

  Guidelines for Taking a Soil Sample

Depth

• Sample to plow depth in cultivated fields.

  Guidelines for Taking a Soil Sample

• Take two samples from no-till fields: one to a 6-inch depth for lime and fertilizer recommendations, and one to a 2-inch depth to monitor surface acidity.

  Guidelines for Taking a Soil Sample

• Sample permanent pastures to a depth of 3 to 4 inches.

  Guidelines for Taking a Soil Sample

Cores

• Take cores from at least 15 to 20 spots randomly over the field to obtain a representative sample.

  Guidelines for Taking a Soil Sample

The wording in the source

Timing

• Soil sampling (usually 6 to 8 inch depth) shall be conducted for each field prior to manure application to determine the appropriate application rate.

  R.61-43, 200.100.B.9

• Each field should be sampled at least once per year.

  R.61-43, 200.100.B.9 (same sentence in 100.100.B.9 for swine)

• If manure application frequency will be less than once per year, then at least one (1) soil sample shall be taken prior to returning to that field for land application.

  R.61-43, 200.100.B.9

Depth

• Soil sampling (usually 6 to 8 inch depth) shall be conducted for each field prior to manure application

  R.61-43, 200.100.B.9

Who it applies to

• This part applies to all land where animal manure and other animal byproducts are applied.

  R.61-43, 200.10.B.3

• Soil sampling (usually 6 to 8 inch depth) shall be conducted for each field prior to manure application to determine the appropriate application rate.

  R.61-43, 200.100.B.9

• This part applies to all land where swine manure and other swine byproducts are applied.

  R.61-43, 100.10.B.3

In force

• 05/28/2021 Effective Date unless otherwise provided for in the Regulation

  Document No. 4997, History table (cells transcribed)

The wording in the source

Area per sample

• For large areas, one soil sample should represent 10 acres or less.

  Soil Samples, item 1

Method

• Areas cropped or fertilized differently or those with different soil types or textures should be sampled separately.

  Soil Samples, item 1

Depth

• Samples from cultivated areas should be taken from the surface to a depth of 6 to 8 inches.

  Soil Samples, item 2

• Samples from pasture or turf should be taken only 2 to 4 inches deep.

  Soil Samples, item 2

Cores

• Take sub-samples from at least 12 locations within the sample area.

  Soil Samples, item 3

The wording in the source

Timing

• In general, soil tests for P, K, pH, soluble salts, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and micronutrients will change very little from year to year and need to be analyzed only every 2 to 3 years.

  P-00132 p. 1, When and how often to sample

• In contrast, levels of NO3-N can change dramatically from year to year and should be analyzed every year prior to planting non-legume crops.

  P-00132 p. 1, nitrate

• In summary, a soil sample for most soil tests can be taken anytime during the year.

  P-00132 p. 2, summary

• For most mobile nutrients, in particular NO3-N, samples should be taken in late fall (when soil temperatures are below 50° F), in winter, or in early spring.

  P-00132 p. 2, summary

Area per sample

• the largest grid size that will adequately measure nutrient variability for a field should be no more than 2.5 acres in size.

  P-00132 p. 5, Grid sampling

Method

• Fields may be divided into smaller parcels or “zones” or sampled as a whole field.

  P-00132 p. 4, Field sampling methods

• The field is divided into rectangular grids and a sample is taken from each grid.

  P-00132 p. 5, Grid sampling

• Detailed information about a field, such as yield monitor maps, remote sensing imagery, digital soil survey or topographic maps, and/or electrical conductivity data, can all help define nutrient management zones.

  P-00132 p. 5, Directed sampling

Depth

• A 0-6 inch sample is recommended for P, K, pH, organic matter, soluble salts, zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and boron (B).

  P-00132 p. 2, Nutrients

• A deep sample (24-inch) is recommended for mobile nutrients such as NO3-N, chloride (Cl), and sulfur …

  P-00132 p. 2, Nutrients

• It is recommended to separate deep samples (0-24 inch) into two separate samples; one representing the 0-6 inch depth and the other a 6-24 inch depth (Figure 2).

  P-00132 p. 2, Nutrients

Cores

• taking at least 15 random cores from the field and compositing (mixing) by depth increment

  P-00132 p. 4, Whole field composite method

• Each grid sample is usually a composite of 6 to 8 cores.

  P-00132 p. 5, Grid sampling

• A field with four landscape zones would have four separate samples, each with a minimum of 15 cores.

  P-00132 p. 6

The wording in the source

Timing

• Soil samples can be collected at any time from September to November (fall) or March to April (spring).

  W 1194, When to sample?

• Continuous Row Crops (conventional) … every two to three years.

  W 1194, How often should soils be tested?, item 1

• Double-cropping Systems … every two years.

  item 2

• Continuous No-till Soybeans (only) … every three to five years.

  item 3

• Continuous No-till Corn or Cotton … every two years.

  item 4

• Hay Systems … every two years.

  item 5

• High-value Cash Crops (tobacco, vegetables) … annually.

  item 6

• Pasture Crops … every three to five years.

  item 7

Area per sample

• subsamples should be collected in a zigzag pattern from an area not to exceed ten acres

  W 1194, Composite/Whole Field Method

• A widely used method is to grid fields into two and a half or five acres.

  W 1194, Grid Method

Method

• The commonly used sampling methods include the composite/whole field, the grid, and the zone.

  W 1194, The Sampling Method

• Areas of contrasting soils, problem spots, areas under different management within the same field, or portions of fields where crop response is significantly different should be sampled separately, provided the area can be fertilized separately.

  W 1194, Composite/Whole Field Method

• Zones are developed based on knowledge about the field such as soil type, past lime and fertilization histories, yield maps

  W 1194, Zone method

Depth

• the recommended sampling depth at University of Tennessee is six inches (or 15 cm).

  W 1194, Sampling Tools and Depths

• For the corn pre-sidedress nitrate-nitrogen test, collect samples to a depth of twelve inches (or 30 cm).

  W 1194, Sampling Tools and Depths

Cores

• a composite sample consisting of small portions of soil taken from approximately twenty locations

  W 1194, Composite/Whole Field Method

• The sample in each block consists of six or eight cores taken within a 60-foot radius from the sampling point.

  W 1194, Grid Method

The wording in the source

Timing

• When sampling fertilized fields, avoid sampling directly in fertilized band and wait at least 2 months after last fertilization.

  step 3

Area per sample

• Take one composite sample for every 10 to 40 acres.

  Procedure for Taking Soil Samples, step 1

Method

• A separate sample should be taken for:

  step 1, followed by: areas with different soil types; different land uses or fertilizer application rates; different cropping histories; different terrain

• Areas with different soil types

  step 1(a)

• Areas with different land uses or fertilizer application rates

  step 1(b)

• Areas with different cropping histories (species and yields)

  step 1(c)

• Areas with different terrain

  step 1(d)

• Avoid sampling areas such as small gullies, slight field depressions, terrace, waterways, or unusual areas.

  step 2

• When sampling fertilized fields, avoid sampling directly in fertilized band

  step 3

Depth

• Take a 0-6 inch sample, insure equal soil throughout this six inch depth.

  step 6

Cores

• It is important to repeat steps 4-6 an additional 9 to 14 times for each area identified in steps 1-3.

  step 7

The wording in the source

Timing

• Before you begin to apply waste, and after you begin applying waste in accordance with the CAFO rules and General Permit, you are required to collect and analyze representative soil samples from each permitted land management unit (LMU)

  RG-408 p. 1, What is the purpose of soil sampling?

• Sampling is conducted annually using the same grid layout to improve field sub-sampling consistency.

  RG-408 p. 3, GPS Grid Method

Method

• Methods for locating subsamples include the following: professional judgment, grid and GPS Grid.

  RG-408 p. 2

Depth

• If you are required to take 0–2 in and 2–6 in samples, collect a 0–6 in sample and divide according to depth.

  RG-408 p. 2

• If you cannot collect the entire 6–24 in sample for more than the minimum 10 subsamples, specify the average depth that was obtained for the LMU.

  RG-408 p. 3

Cores

• A representative composite sample typically should be composed of a composite of 10 to 15 (preferably 15) discrete subsamples for each depth increment within an LMU

  RG-408 p. 2

Laboratory and analysis

• Coordinate with an agronomic soil laboratory

  RG-408 p. 1

• appropriate soil test methodology found in the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the Texas AgriLife Extension Service Soil, Water and Forage Testing Laboratory.

  RG-408 p. 2

Field identifiers

• GPS each subsample location and maintain the information for a period of two years.

  RG-408 p. 3, Grid Sampling and GPS Grid methods

The wording in the source

Timing

• WHEN: Any time of the year; early fall is often preferred.

  Soil Sampling Procedure, WHEN

• For special nitrate tests, sample in the spring

  Soil Sampling Procedure, WHEN

Method

• Select an area having uniform color, texture, drainage, and the same cropping and fertilizer treatment last year.

  Soil Sampling Procedure, AREA

• Sample multiple locations within each similar area in a random pattern

  Soil Sampling Procedure, TAKING THE SAMPLE

• Leave out non-typical spots or sample them separately.

  Soil Sampling Procedure, AREA

Depth

• Standard topsoil sample: from surface down to 12 inches

  Soil Sampling Procedure, DEPTH (a)

• Starting at the bottom of the hole in (b), sample the 12 to 24-inch (or 12 to 36-inch) depth.

  Special sampling for nitrate-N when applying manure, (c)

Cores

• For each area to be sampled, take separate samples from 8 to 10 locations in a pattern that will represent the entire area.

  Soil Sampling Procedure, AREA

The wording in the source

Timing

• shall be soil sampled at least once in every five years

  Section 6.03(c)

Who it applies to

• For all other farming operations subject to this rule, all fields receiving mechanical application of manure, agricultural wastes, or fertilizer shall be soil sampled

  Section 6.03(c)

• Compliance with the Required Agricultural Practices Rule is required if a person:

  Section 3.1 (followed by the thresholds (a) to (g))

Outside the rule

• All Certified Small Farm Operations as defined in Section 4 of this rule and all permitted Medium and Large Farm Operations managing manure, agricultural wastes, or fertilizer for use as nutrient sources shall implement a field-by-field … nutrient management plan consistent with the requirements of the USDA NRCS Nutrient Management Practice Code 590 or other equivalent standards approved by the Secretary.

  Section 6.03(a) (ellipsis marks footnote marker 20)

• (b) farms on a parcel or parcels of land greater than 50 acres used for the preparation, tilling, fertilization, planting, protection, irrigation, and harvesting of annual cropland where fertilizer, manure, or agricultural wastes are mechanically applied to said parcel or parcels; or

  Section 4.1(b) (4.1(a) sets the livestock numbers, 4.1(c) the same 50 acres for vegetable production)

Laboratory and analysis

• using modified Morgan’s extractant or other equivalent standards approved by the Secretary.

  Section 6.03(c)

• Records of soil analysis, manure or other agricultural waste application, and fertilizer applications shall be maintained on the farm for a period five years and provided to the Secretary upon request.

  Section 6.03(c)

In force

• (Effective November 23, 2018)

  Title page

The wording in the source

Timing

• Take samples before lime, fertilizer, or manure are added.

  How to Take a Soil Sample, opening

Method

• The area to be sampled should be as uniform as possible in terms of soil type and cropping and fertilizing history.

  Where to sample

• For practical purposes it should be an area you expect to fertilize as a unit.

  Where to sample

• Collect a number of cores or slices by walking in a zig-zag pattern over the area.

  Take a good sample

Depth

• Sampling depth should be 4 to 6 inches deep for lawns, turf, or other perennial sod, or tillage depth (usually 6 –10 inches) for annually tilled crops.

  Choose one of the following tools, soil probe or auger

Cores

• Consider 10 cores as the minimum for home gardens and lawns up to 10,000 square feet in size.

  Take a good sample

• Larger areas should be represented by at least 15 to 20 samples.

  Take a good sample

The wording in the source

Timing

• Soil analysis results shall be dated no more than three years prior to the beginning date of the nutrient management plan.

  4VAC50-85-140 A 2 f

• Soil analysis shall be recommended for each field at least once every three years to determine the soil fertility and pH, and to update the nutrient management plan.

  4VAC50-85-140 D 4

Area per sample

• A single composite soil sample should represent an area up to approximately 20 acres.

  4VAC50-85-140 A 2 f

• Fields such as those common to strip cropping may be combined when soils, previous cropping history, and soil fertility are similar.

  4VAC50-85-140 A 2 f

Method

• Representative soil analysis results for fields shall be determined by using standard soil sampling and analysis methods according to Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3, Chemical Methods, 1996

  4VAC50-85-140 A 2 f

• Soil sampling of fields based on subfield grids or management zones may be utilized.

  4VAC50-85-140 A 2 f

Depth

• Representative soil sample cores shall be obtained from the soil surface to a depth of four inches (0-4") for fields that have not been tilled within the past three years

  4VAC50-85-140 A 2 f

• and from the soil surface to a depth of six inches (0-6") for fields that are tilled or have been tilled within the past three years.

  4VAC50-85-140 A 2 f

Who it applies to

• This chapter governs the department’s voluntary Nutrient Management Training and Certification Program for individuals who prepare nutrient management plans.

  4VAC50-85-20 A

• A certified nutrient management planner shall include, in each plan, nutrient application practices for each field in the plan.

  4VAC50-85-140 A 1

• Representative soil analysis results for fields shall be determined by using standard soil sampling and analysis methods

  4VAC50-85-140 A 2 f

Laboratory and analysis

• utilizing the Mehlich I extraction procedure for phosphorus or other methods and laboratories approved by the department and correlated to Mehlich I

  4VAC50-85-140 A 2 f

In force

• amended, Virginia Register Volume 31, Issue 3, eff. November 20, 2014.

  4VAC50-85-140, Historical Notes (last amendment)

The wording in the source

Timing

• TABLE 2, SOILS MONITORING: Frequency 1/3 years; Sample Type Composite

  Part I, Table 2 (cells transcribed: pH row; the same for phosphorus, potash, calcium, magnesium)

Method

• TABLE 2, SOILS MONITORING: Frequency 1/3 years; Sample Type Composite

  Part I, Table 2 (cells transcribed)

Depth

• Soil monitoring shall be conducted at a depth of between 0-6 inches, unless otherwise specified in the approved nutrient management plan written for the animal feeding operation.

  Part I A 9

Who it applies to

• owners of animal feeding operations having 300 or more animal units utilizing a liquid manure collection and storage system

  9VAC25-192-70, general permit cover page

• Any owner or animal waste end-user whose registration statement is accepted by the department will receive the following general permit and shall comply with the requirements of the general permit

  9VAC25-192-70, opening paragraph

• Soil at the land application sites shall be monitored as specified in Table 2 of Part I.

  Part I A 8

• Soil at the land application sites shall be monitored as specified in Table 2 of Part III.

  Part III A 8 (animal waste end-users)

Laboratory and analysis

• Analysis of soil and waste shall be according to methods specified in the approved nutrient management plan written for the animal feeding operation.

  Part I A 11

• All monitoring data collected as required by this section and any additional monitoring shall be maintained on site for a period of five years

  Part I A 12

The wording in the source

Timing

• Sampling in the fall allows time to apply lime to adjust the soil pH before next year’s growing season

  SPES-141NP, step 2

• For areas recently limed or fertilized, delay sampling at least six to eight weeks.

  SPES-141NP, step 2

Area per sample

• the slope, drainage, or soil type will make it desirable to divide the field into small areas of 5 to 10 acres each.

  SPES-141NP, step 3

• To begin, fields are first divided into grids, with typical grid size being 2.5 acres.

  SPES-141NP, Soil sampling for precision farming

• For small fields, a one acre grid size will give a more precise representation of the fertility across the field

  SPES-141NP, Soil sampling for precision farming

Method

• Zig-zag across the field or area as shown in the diagram.

  SPES-141NP, step 4

• “Smart sampling” consists of sampling those areas of the field that are obviously different, such as with respect to topography (hilltops, low areas), or if a combine yield monitor has been used, high-yielding and low-yielding areas in the field.

  SPES-141NP, precision farming

• If the field has been mapped, it can be divided by soil series (i.e., soil mapping unit).

  SPES-141NP, precision farming

Depth

• The desired depth for cropland is plow depth (6 to 8 inches or more), and 2 to 4 inches for pasture land, or no-till crop fields.

  SPES-141NP, step 5

Cores

• Take the sample from 20 or more places in the field.

  SPES-141NP, step 4

• Samples should be made up of at least 5 subsamples or cores from each acre represented by the sample.

  SPES-141NP, step 4

• with 6-8 subsamples being taken in a 10′ circle around the ATV

  SPES-141NP, precision farming

The wording in the source

Timing

• (i) Annual postharvest soil nitrate nitrogen analysis;

  WAC 16-611-020(2)(a)(i)

• (ii) Every three years, a current soil analysis that includes:

  WAC 16-611-020(2)(a)(ii)

Who it applies to

• (1) In accordance with RCW 90.64.010 (17)(c) and 90.64.102, dairy producers must maintain records to demonstrate that applications of nutrients to crop land are within acceptable agronomic rates.

  WAC 16-611-020(1)

Laboratory and analysis

• (A) Organic matter; (B) pH; (C) Ammonium nitrogen; (D) Phosphorus (the Bray-1 method must be used to determine soil phosphorus for soils below pH 7 and the Olsen bicarbonate method must be used for soils at or above pH 7);

  WAC 16-611-020(2)(a)(ii)(A) to (D)

• (E) Potassium; and (F) A measure of electrical conductivity.

  WAC 16-611-020(2)(a)(ii)(E) and (F)

In force

• WSR 12-22-019, § 16-611-020, filed 10/29/12, effective 11/29/12.

  History note

The wording in the source

Method

• If a field will be fertilized as one unit, collect cores from several representative locations throughout the field and combine these together for the sample.

  EB1987E, Box C

• A typical field in eastern Washington may be divided into 2 to 3 management units based on slope, aspect, and drainage.

  EB1987E, Box C

Depth

• For winter wheat, samples should be collected in one-foot increments to a minimum depth of four feet or a restrictive layer.

  EB1987E, B1

• Phosphorus recommendations are based on soil test values in a surface one-foot sample (Table 1).

  EB1987E, Phosphorus (P) recommendations

The wording in the source

Timing

• Most fields should be retested at least every 4 years to monitor soil fertility levels of immobile nutrients and pH

  A2100 p. 4, How often to sample

• Exceptions include sands and loamy sands, which should be tested every 2 years.

  A2100 p. 4, How often to sample

• Take soil samples at any convenient time.

  A2100 p. 3, When to take soil samples

• To receive your recommendations early enough to enable you to apply the lime and fertilizer needed, it may be best to sample in the fall.

  A2100 p. 3, When to take soil samples

• Hayfields can be sampled after any cutting. Regardless of when you sample, it is best to be consistent from one year to the next.

  A2100 p. 3

Area per sample

• For responsive fields, as well as all fields that have not been sampled in the past 4 years, take one composite sample for every 5 acres.

  A2100 p. 3, step 3

• Table 1. Recommended sample intensity for uniform fields: fields tested more than 4 years ago OR fields testing in the responsive range, all fields, 1 sample/5 acres; nonresponsive fields tested within past 4 years, 5–10 acres 2, 11–25 acres 3, 26–40 acres 4, 41–60 acres 5, 61–80 acres 6, 81–100 acres 7

  A2100 p. 1, Table 1 (transcribed)

Method

• use a W-shaped sampling pattern (as shown in Figure 1) over the whole area the sample represents.

  A2100 p. 1

• Where there is no information about the P or K status of the field or where previous tests were in the responsive range, a 200-foot grid size should be used. This is equivalent to approximately one soil sample per acre.

  A2100 p. 2, site-specific management

• Fields that have soil test P and K levels in the nonresponsive categories should be grid-point sampled on a 300-foot grid. This is equivalent to one soil sample for every 2 to 2.5 acres.

  A2100 p. 2

• Smart (zone or directed) sampling. Another approach gaining support among researchers is smart sampling, also known as directed or management zone sampling.

  A2100 p. 3

Depth

• Insert the probe or auger into the soil to plow depth or at least 6 inches.

  A2100 p. 3, step 2

• Chisel plowing and offset disking. Take soil samples to ¾ of the tillage depth.

  A2100 p. 4, Tillage system considerations

• Sample ridges to a 6-inch depth and furrows (between rows) to a depth of 4 inches.

  A2100 p. 4, Till-plant and ridge tillage

• For fertilizer recommendations, take a separate sample to a depth of 6 to 7 inches.

  A2100 p. 4, No-till

• If an acid layer is suspected, take a separate sample to a depth of only 2 inches.

  A2100 p. 4, No-till

Cores

• Each sample should be made up of a minimum of 10 cores to ensure accurate representation of the nutrient needs of the field.

  A2100 p. 1

• Research has shown that taking 10 to 20 cores provides a more representative sample of the area than when samples are made up of fewer cores.

  A2100 p. 1

Laboratory and analysis

• These provisions currently include: following the soil sampling techniques outlined above, soil testing by a Wisconsin certified laboratory

  A2100 p. 3, How to take soil samples (590 standard)

The wording in the source

Timing

• Before planting occurs, a representative soil sample should be collected from the tillage zone (usually a 6 or 8 inch depth)

  B-1016R p. 1

• For best results, always collect samples at the same time of the year.

  B-1016R, Potassium

Area per sample

• A typical sampling approach is to extract a 12-inch soil core from 15 to 20 random locations within a 20- to 40-acre field.

  B-1016R p. 1

Depth

• Before planting occurs, a representative soil sample should be collected from the tillage zone (usually a 6 or 8 inch depth) for determination of pH, organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micro-

  B-1016R p. 1

• Nitrogen recommendations are more reliable when based on available nitrogen (nitrate-N) to a depth of 12 inches.

  B-1016R p. 1

• Divide each core into two 6-inch sections, placing all top sections into one container and all bottom sections into another

  B-1016R p. 1

• If tillage operations thoroughly mix soil to a depth of one foot, it is not necessary to separate the surface and subsurface layers.

  B-1016R p. 1

Cores

• A typical sampling approach is to extract a 12-inch soil core from 15 to 20 random locations within a 20- to 40-acre field.

  B-1016R p. 1