{"id":5618,"date":"2022-10-07T15:35:41","date_gmt":"2022-10-07T13:35:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=5618"},"modified":"2026-09-13T10:54:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-13T08:54:54","slug":"normalizovany-index-rozdielu-vlhkosti-ndmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/normalized-difference-moisture-index-ndmi\/","title":{"rendered":"Normalizovan\u00fd diferencia\u010dn\u00fd index vlhkosti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po\u010det vegeta\u010dn\u00e9 indexy podporovan\u00e9 GeoPardom<\/a> neust\u00e1le rastie. T\u00edm GeoPard predstavuje index normalizovan\u00e9ho rozdielu vlhkosti (NDMI). Index ur\u010duje obsah vody vo veget\u00e1cii a index normalizovan\u00e9ho rozdielu vody (NDWI). Je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd na vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie miest s existuj\u00facimi vodn\u00fd stres u rastl\u00edn<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ni\u017e\u0161ie hodnoty NDMI ozna\u010duj\u00fa miesta, kde s\u00fa rastliny vystaven\u00e9 stresu z nedostatku vlhkosti.
Na druhej strane, ni\u017e\u0161ie normalizovan\u00e9 hodnoty rozdielov\u00e9ho vodn\u00e9ho indexu po vrchole veget\u00e1cie zv\u00fdraz\u0148uj\u00fa miesta, ktor\u00e9 sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa pripraven\u00e9 na zber<\/strong> prv\u00fd.<\/p>\r\n

\"Rozdiel

Rozdiel v relat\u00edvnom obsahu vody vo veget\u00e1cii medzi dvoma satelitn\u00fdmi sn\u00edmkami (v tomto pr\u00edpade kon\u0161tel\u00e1cia Sentinel-2)<\/p><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Na nasleduj\u00facich sn\u00edmkach obrazovky n\u00e1jdete z\u00f3ny NDMI vygenerovan\u00e9 na z\u00e1klade satelitn\u00fdch sn\u00edmok z 19. j\u00fana (vrchol veget\u00e1cie) a 6. j\u00fala a mapu rovn\u00edc predstavuj\u00facu rozdiel NDMI.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"Normalizovan\u00fdNDMI vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd na z\u00e1klade sn\u00edmky z Planet \/ Sentinel-2 \/ Landsat<\/p>\r\n

\u010co je index vlhkosti?<\/h2>\r\n

Je to miera alebo v\u00fdpo\u010det pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd na pos\u00fadenie obsahu alebo dostupnosti vlhkosti v konkr\u00e9tnej oblasti alebo regi\u00f3ne. Zvy\u010dajne sa odvodzuje z r\u00f4znych environment\u00e1lnych faktorov, ako s\u00fa zr\u00e1\u017eky, evapotranspir\u00e1cia, vlastnosti p\u00f4dy a vegeta\u010dn\u00fd kryt.<\/p>\r\n

Poskytuje relat\u00edvny ukazovate\u013e vlhkosti alebo suchosti oblasti, \u010do pom\u00e1ha identifikova\u0165 potenci\u00e1lny nedostatok vody alebo podmienky sucha.<\/p>\r\n

Je to cenn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj na monitorovanie a riadenie vodn\u00fdch zdrojov, po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske pl\u00e1novanie a pochopenie ekologick\u00fdch podmienok konkr\u00e9tneho regi\u00f3nu.<\/p>\r\n

\u010co je normalizovan\u00fd index rozdielovej vlhkosti?<\/h2>\r\n

Index normalizovanej rozdielovej vlhkosti (NDMI) je vegeta\u010dn\u00fd index odvoden\u00fd z \u00fadajov dia\u013ekov\u00e9ho prieskumu Zeme na pos\u00fadenie a monitorovanie obsahu vlhkosti vo veget\u00e1cii. Podobne ako in\u00e9 vegeta\u010dn\u00e9 indexy sa vypo\u010d\u00edtava pomocou hodn\u00f4t spektr\u00e1lnej odrazivosti zo satelitn\u00fdch alebo leteck\u00fdch sn\u00edmok.<\/p>\r\n

Je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd pri monitorovan\u00ed vodn\u00e9ho stresu rastl\u00edn, posudzovan\u00ed podmienok sucha, odhadovan\u00ed rizika po\u017eiaru a \u0161t\u00fadiu vplyvov zmeny kl\u00edmy na veget\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\r\n

Vypo\u010d\u00edtava sa pomocou p\u00e1siem bl\u00edzkeho infra\u010derven\u00e9ho (NIR) a kr\u00e1tkovlnn\u00e9ho infra\u010derven\u00e9ho (SWIR) \u017eiarenia, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa citliv\u00e9 na obsah vlhkosti vo veget\u00e1cii. Vzorec pre NDMI je:<\/p>\r\n

NDMI<\/strong> = (NIR \u2013 SWIR) \/ (NIR + SWIR)<\/em><\/p>\r\n

Hodnoty NDWI sa zvy\u010dajne pohybuj\u00fa od -1 do 1, pri\u010dom vy\u0161\u0161ie hodnoty nazna\u010duj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed obsah vlhkosti veget\u00e1cie a ni\u017e\u0161ie hodnoty ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed obsah vlhkosti alebo vodn\u00fd stres vo veget\u00e1cii. Negat\u00edvne hodnoty NDMI m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 spojen\u00e9 s nerasten\u00fdmi oblas\u0165ami alebo oblas\u0165ami s ve\u013emi n\u00edzkym obsahom vlhkosti.<\/p>\r\n

\u010co je NDWI?<\/h2>\r\n

NDWI alebo Normalizovan\u00fd rozdielov\u00fd index vody je index dia\u013ekov\u00e9ho prieskumu Zeme pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd na kvantifik\u00e1ciu a pos\u00fadenie obsahu vody alebo s vodou s\u00favisiacich prvkov vo veget\u00e1cii alebo krajine.<\/p>\r\n

Vypo\u010d\u00edtava sa anal\u00fdzou odrazivosti bl\u00edzkeho infra\u010derven\u00e9ho a zelen\u00e9ho svetla zo satelitn\u00fdch alebo leteck\u00fdch sn\u00edmok. Je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 na identifik\u00e1ciu vodn\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch, monitorovanie zmien v dostupnosti vody a hodnotenie zdravia veget\u00e1cie.<\/p>\r\n

Porovnan\u00edm absorpcie a odrazu r\u00f4znych vlnov\u00fdch d\u013a\u017eok poskytuje cenn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie pre aplik\u00e1cie, ako je monitorovanie sucha, hydrologick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza a mana\u017ement ekosyst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\r\n

Vizualiz\u00e1cia NDMI na ur\u010denie normalizovan\u00e9ho rozdielov\u00e9ho indexu vody<\/h2>\r\n

Vizualiz\u00e1cia NDMI zah\u0155\u0148a spracovanie satelitn\u00fdch alebo leteck\u00fdch sn\u00edmok, v\u00fdpo\u010det hodn\u00f4t NDMI a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zobrazenie v\u00fdsledkov ako farebne odl\u00ed\u0161enej mapy alebo obr\u00e1zka. Tu s\u00fa v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 kroky na vizualiz\u00e1ciu NDMI:<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n
  • Z\u00edskajte satelitn\u00e9 alebo leteck\u00e9 sn\u00edmky:<\/strong> Z\u00edskajte multispektr\u00e1lne sn\u00edmky zo satelitu alebo leteckej platformy, ako napr\u00edklad Landsat, Sentinel alebo MODIS. Uistite sa, \u017ee sn\u00edmky obsahuj\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 p\u00e1sma: bl\u00edzke infra\u010derven\u00e9 (NIR) a kr\u00e1tkovlnn\u00e9 infra\u010derven\u00e9 (SWIR).<\/li>\r\n
  • Predbe\u017en\u00e9 spracovanie sn\u00edmok:<\/strong> V z\u00e1vislosti od zdroja \u00fadajov m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 predspracova\u0165 sn\u00edmky, aby sa korigovali atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9, geometrick\u00e9 a r\u00e1diometrick\u00e9 skreslenia. Preve\u010fte digit\u00e1lne \u010d\u00edsla (DN) v sn\u00edmke na hodnoty spektr\u00e1lnej odrazivosti.<\/li>\r\n
  • Vypo\u010d\u00edtajte NDMI:<\/strong> Pre ka\u017ed\u00fd pixel v obraze pou\u017eite hodnoty odrazivosti NIR a SWIR na v\u00fdpo\u010det NDMI pomocou vzorca: NDMI = (NIR \u2013 SWIR) \/ (NIR + SWIR).<\/li>\r\n
  • Mapovanie farieb:<\/strong> Prira\u010fte hodnot\u00e1m NDMI farebn\u00fa paletu. Zvy\u010dajne sa pou\u017e\u00edva s\u00favisl\u00e1 farebn\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la, ktor\u00e1 siaha od jednej farby (napr. \u010dervenej) pre n\u00edzke hodnoty NDMI (\u010do nazna\u010duje n\u00edzky obsah vlhkosti) po in\u00fa farbu (napr. zelen\u00fa) pre vysok\u00e9 hodnoty NDMI (\u010do nazna\u010duje vysok\u00fd obsah vlhkosti). Na vytvorenie farebnej mapy m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 softv\u00e9r ako QGIS, ArcGIS alebo programovacie kni\u017enice ako Rasterio a Matplotlib v jazyku Python.<\/li>\r\n
  • Vizualizujte mapu NDMI:<\/strong> Zobrazte mapu alebo obr\u00e1zok NDMI pomocou softv\u00e9ru GIS, programovacej kni\u017enice alebo online platformy. To v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed analyzova\u0165 priestorov\u00e9 rozlo\u017eenie obsahu vlhkosti veget\u00e1cie a identifikova\u0165 oblasti s nedostatkom vody alebo vysokou vlhkos\u0165ou.<\/li>\r\n
  • Interpret\u00e1cia a anal\u00fdza:<\/strong> Vizualiz\u00e1cia NDWI sa pou\u017e\u00edva na pos\u00fadenie stavu veget\u00e1cie, monitorovanie podmienok sucha alebo vyhodnotenie rizika po\u017eiaru. M\u00f4\u017eete tie\u017e porovna\u0165 normalizovan\u00e9 mapy rozdielov\u00e9ho vodn\u00e9ho indexu z r\u00f4znych \u010dasov\u00fdch obdob\u00ed a analyzova\u0165 zmeny obsahu vlhkosti veget\u00e1cie v priebehu \u010dasu.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

    Pam\u00e4tajte, \u017ee r\u00f4zne softv\u00e9rov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje alebo programovacie kni\u017enice sa m\u00f4\u017eu mierne l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 v pracovn\u00fdch postupoch, ale celkov\u00fd proces bude podobn\u00fd. Okrem toho m\u00f4\u017eete prekr\u00fdva\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie d\u00e1tov\u00e9 vrstvy, ako je vyu\u017eitie p\u00f4dy, nadmorsk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka alebo administrat\u00edvne hranice, aby ste vylep\u0161ili svoju anal\u00fdzu a lep\u0161ie pochopili vz\u0165ahy medzi obsahom vlhkosti veget\u00e1cie a in\u00fdmi faktormi.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Po\u010det vegeta\u010dn\u00fdch indexov podporovan\u00fdch GeoPardom neust\u00e1le rastie. T\u00edm GeoPard predstavuje index normalizovanej diferen\u010dnej vlhkosti (NDMI). Index ur\u010duje vlhkos\u0165 veget\u00e1cie\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":5620,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1586,1372,1377,1376,1378,1379],"tags":[1618,1619],"class_list":["post-5618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-product-features","category-blog","category-crop-monitoring","category-management-zones","category-remote-sensing","category-soil-data","tag-crop-monitoring","tag-normalized-difference-vegetation-index"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNormalized Difference Moisture Index - GeoPard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"GeoPard team introduces the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI). 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