{"id":5442,"date":"2022-07-21T20:18:44","date_gmt":"2022-07-21T18:18:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=5442"},"modified":"2023-07-07T12:03:02","modified_gmt":"2023-07-07T10:03:02","slug":"hlavne-typy-polnohospodarskych-poistnych-produktov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/major-types-of-crop-insurance-policies\/","title":{"rendered":"Hlavn\u00e9 typy poistn\u00fdch zml\u00fav plod\u00edn"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo sprev\u00e1dzali odjak\u017eiva neodmyslite\u013en\u00e9 pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1, odkedy na\u0161i predkovia za\u010dali pestova\u0165 plodiny a usadili sa na jednom mieste. Hoci sa povaha a intenzita t\u00fdchto riz\u00edk \u010dasom menili, rizik\u00e1 zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa rovnak\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n<p>Hoci na\u0161e sk\u00fasenosti a modern\u00e1 veda n\u00e1m umo\u017enili do istej miery pochopi\u0165 a zmierni\u0165 mnoh\u00e9 rizik\u00e1, \u013eudsk\u00e9 aktivity viedli k ich \u010fal\u0161iemu zhor\u0161eniu a vytvorili nov\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n<p>Navy\u0161e, so s\u00fa\u010dasnou po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskou ekonomikou a trhov\u00fdmi trendmi sa pre farm\u00e1rov v\u0161etk\u00fdch ve\u013ekost\u00ed st\u00e1va \u010doraz \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie robi\u0165 rozhodnutia o riaden\u00ed riz\u00edk vo svojich prev\u00e1dzkach. Tu nastupuje po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske poistenie.<\/p>\r\n<p>Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina n\u00e1rodov ch\u00e1pe hodnotu potravinovej bezpe\u010dnosti, a preto u\u013eah\u010dili politiky poistenia plod\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa farm\u00e1rom ve\u013emi potrebn\u00fa z\u00e1chrann\u00fa sie\u0165.<\/p>\r\n<p>Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske poistenie sa v\u0161ak l\u00ed\u0161i od ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek in\u00e9ho dostupn\u00e9ho poistenia a je nevyhnutn\u00e9 pochopi\u0165 r\u00f4zne typy poistenia plod\u00edn, aby ste si mohli zvoli\u0165 najlep\u0161iu mo\u017enos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 je nesk\u00f4r v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku vysvetlen\u00e1.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Poistenie plod\u00edn<\/h2>\r\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd koncept poistenia plod\u00edn je tak\u00fd jednoduch\u00fd, ako nazna\u010duje jeho n\u00e1zov: po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske poistenie je poistenie, ktor\u00e9 kryje plodiny po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych podnikov a individu\u00e1lnych farm\u00e1rov. In\u00fdmi slovami, poistenie plod\u00edn chr\u00e1ni farm\u00e1rov pred identifikovate\u013en\u00fdmi a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou vopred ur\u010den\u00fdmi rizikami, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa v ich pr\u00e1vomoci, ako napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Sucho<\/li>\r\n<li>Ohe\u0148<\/li>\r\n<li>Ahoj<\/li>\r\n<li>Chladn\u00e9\/vlhk\u00e9 po\u010dasie<\/li>\r\n<li>Z\u00e1plavy<\/li>\r\n<li>Posun trhovej ceny<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"810\" height=\"439\" data-attachment-id=\"5450\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/major-types-of-crop-insurance-policies\/72-2-min\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.2-min.jpg?fit=2400%2C1300&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2400,1300\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"What is crop insurance\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.2-min.jpg?fit=1024%2C555&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5450 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.2-min.jpg?resize=810%2C439&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"&quot;\u010co\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.2-min.jpg?resize=1024%2C555&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.2-min.jpg?resize=300%2C163&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.2-min.jpg?resize=768%2C416&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.2-min.jpg?resize=1536%2C832&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.2-min.jpg?resize=2048%2C1109&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.2-min.jpg?resize=1200%2C650&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.2-min.jpg?w=1620&amp;ssl=1 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" \/>Okrem t\u00fdchto be\u017en\u00fdch faktorov sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 aj faktory \u0161pecifick\u00e9 pre ur\u010dit\u00fa zemepisn\u00fa polohu alebo konkr\u00e9tnu plodinu. Okrem toho sa typ poistenia l\u00ed\u0161i aj v z\u00e1vislosti od skuto\u010dnej pravdepodobnosti v\u00fdskytu rizikov\u00fdch faktorov.<\/p>\r\n<p>Rizikov\u00e9 faktory mo\u017eno kategorizova\u0165 na z\u00e1klade ich frekvencie v\u00fdskytu, ako aj potenci\u00e1lu sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 ekonomick\u00e9 straty alebo z\u00e1va\u017enos\u0165.<\/p>\r\n<p>Napr\u00edklad dostupnos\u0165 a povaha po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskeho poistenia proti suchu sa bude l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 na mieste, kde je sucho be\u017en\u00e9, od miesta, kde sa sucho nevyskytuje \u010dasto. Aby ste mohli robi\u0165 informovan\u00e9 rozhodnutia pri n\u00e1kupe poistenia plod\u00edn, mus\u00edte pochopi\u0165, ako po\u013enohospod\u00e1rska poistn\u00e1 zmluva skuto\u010dne funguje.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Ako funguje poistenie po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva? Kto ho pred\u00e1va?<\/h2>\r\n<p>Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske poistenie v r\u00e1mci Feder\u00e1lneho programu poistenia plod\u00edn (FCIP) poskytuj\u00fa schv\u00e1len\u00e9 pois\u0165ovne, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa podporovan\u00e9 vl\u00e1dou. Agent\u00fara USDA pre riadenie riz\u00edk prev\u00e1dzkuje program FCIP v spolupr\u00e1ci s pois\u0165ov\u0148ami.<\/p>\r\n<p>Supermarkety pred\u00e1vaj\u00fa, distribuuj\u00fa a spravuj\u00fa poistenie prostredn\u00edctvom certifikovan\u00fdch individu\u00e1lnych agentov poistenia po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00dalohou feder\u00e1lnej vl\u00e1dy je podporova\u0165 pois\u0165ovne v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee vyplatia sumu n\u00e1rokov, ktor\u00e9 im vznikli v\u00fdberom poistn\u00e9ho. Na opl\u00e1tku vl\u00e1da z\u00edska podiel aj v pr\u00edpade dosiahnutia zisku.<br \/><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5452\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/major-types-of-crop-insurance-policies\/72-4-min\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.4-min.jpg?fit=2400%2C1700&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2400,1700\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Types of crop insurance policies\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.4-min.jpg?fit=1024%2C725&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5452 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.4-min.jpg?resize=810%2C573&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Ako funguje poistenie plod\u00edn?\" width=\"810\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.4-min.jpg?resize=1024%2C725&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.4-min.jpg?resize=300%2C213&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.4-min.jpg?resize=768%2C544&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.4-min.jpg?resize=1536%2C1088&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.4-min.jpg?resize=2048%2C1451&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.4-min.jpg?resize=1200%2C850&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.4-min.jpg?w=1620&amp;ssl=1 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p>Poistenie plod\u00edn v r\u00e1mci FCIP je zn\u00e1me ako poistenie plod\u00edn proti viacer\u00fdm rizik\u00e1m a je zalo\u017een\u00e9 na v\u00fdnose alebo pr\u00edjmoch.<\/p>\r\n<p>Av\u0161ak nie v\u0161etky plodiny s\u00fa kryt\u00e9 t\u00fdmito poistkami. Hoci feder\u00e1lna vl\u00e1da vyd\u00e1va ozn\u00e1menie o plodin\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa poisti\u0165 pre ka\u017ed\u00fa z nich, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie poisten\u00e9 plodiny zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa kukuricu, bavlnu, s\u00f3ju a p\u0161enicu, zatia\u013e \u010do mnoh\u00e9 in\u00e9 plodiny m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 poisten\u00e9 tam, kde sa vyskytuj\u00fa \u010dastej\u0161ie.<br \/><br \/><br \/><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5451\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/major-types-of-crop-insurance-policies\/72-3-min\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.3-min.jpg?fit=2400%2C1300&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2400,1300\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"How does crop insurance work\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.3-min.jpg?fit=1024%2C555&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5451 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.3-min.jpg?resize=810%2C439&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"poistenie \u00farody \" width=\"810\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.3-min.jpg?resize=1024%2C555&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.3-min.jpg?resize=300%2C163&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.3-min.jpg?resize=768%2C416&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.3-min.jpg?resize=1536%2C832&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.3-min.jpg?resize=2048%2C1109&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.3-min.jpg?resize=1200%2C650&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/72.3-min.jpg?w=1620&amp;ssl=1 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" \/><br \/><br \/><\/p>\r\n<p>Pracovn\u00fd mechanizmus po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskeho poistenia spo\u010d\u00edva v koncepte referen\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdnosu alebo referen\u010dn\u00e9ho pr\u00edjmu, \u010do s\u00fa v podstate referen\u010dn\u00e9 hodnoty v\u00fdnosov alebo pr\u00edjmov, ktor\u00e9 sa vypo\u010d\u00edtavaj\u00fa vykonan\u00edm \u0161tatistick\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed na historick\u00fdch \u00fadajoch z fariem v danej oblasti.<\/p>\r\n<p>N\u00e1roky sa uplat\u0148uj\u00fa a krytie sa poskytuje porovnan\u00edm s touto referenciou a pou\u017eit\u00edm trhovej ceny plod\u00edn stanovenej vl\u00e1dou.<\/p>\r\n<p>Stoj\u00ed za to pripomen\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri by si mali pred v\u00fdsadbou plod\u00edn pred term\u00ednom uz\u00e1vierky predaja (SCD) zak\u00fapi\u0165 poistenie proti viacer\u00fdm rizik\u00e1m.<\/p>\r\n<p>Farm\u00e1ri sa rozhodn\u00fa pre krytie (zvy\u010dajne 50%-75%), platia poistn\u00e9 v\u010das, v\u010das nahl\u00e1sia rozlohu pol\u00ed a po\u017eiadaj\u00fa o plnenie vopred stanovenou lehotou od zistenia \u0161kody pomocou formul\u00e1ra naz\u00fdvan\u00e9ho Ozn\u00e1menie o \u0161kode (NOL).<\/p>\r\n<p>Na rozdiel od pois\u0165ovac\u00edch zml\u00fav FCIP, poistenie proti krupobitiu \u00farody nie je spojen\u00e9 s vl\u00e1dou a pred\u00e1va ho v\u00fdlu\u010dne s\u00fakromn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 zak\u00fapi\u0165 kedyko\u013evek po\u010das vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia plod\u00edn.<\/p>\r\n<p>Krupobitn\u00e9 krytie, na rozdiel od svojho n\u00e1zvu, kryje plodiny pred rizikami in\u00fdmi ako krupobitie, ako je po\u017eiar, blesk, vietor, vandalizmus at\u010f. M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 skvel\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 na krytie plod\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa kryt\u00e9 feder\u00e1lnymi pois\u0165ovac\u00edmi politikami.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Typy poistenia plod\u00edn<\/h2>\r\n<p>Existuj\u00fa dva hlavn\u00e9 typy poistenia plod\u00edn, menovite poistenie plod\u00edn zalo\u017een\u00e9 na v\u00fdnose a poistenie pr\u00edjmu.<\/p>\r\n<h3><strong>1. Zalo\u017een\u00e9 na v\u00fdnose:<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>Poistenia zalo\u017een\u00e9 na v\u00fdnose s\u00fa tie, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa krytie, ak skuto\u010dne dosiahnut\u00fd v\u00fdnos klesne pod o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fd v\u00fdnos. Existuj\u00fa dva typy poistn\u00fdch zml\u00fav, ktor\u00e9 funguj\u00fa na b\u00e1ze v\u00fdnosu:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><strong>Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske poistenie proti viacer\u00fdm rizik\u00e1m<\/strong> Ako u\u017e bolo uveden\u00e9, MPCI poskytuje poistn\u00e9 krytie pre viacer\u00e9 pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1, ako je krupobitie, vietor, d\u00e1\u017e\u010f, hmyz at\u010f., ak maj\u00fa za n\u00e1sledok stratu rastlinnej produkcie pri zbere \u00farody. Pri uzatv\u00e1ran\u00ed zmluvy s pois\u0165ov\u0148ami si po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri zvolia objem \u00farody, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 by\u0165 poisten\u00e1 (\u010do m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v z\u00e1vislosti od potrieb v rozmedz\u00ed (50 - 85)%), ako aj ochrann\u00e9 sadzby vl\u00e1dy.<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Skupinov\u00fd pl\u00e1n riz\u00edk:<\/strong> Zatia\u013e \u010do MPCI pou\u017e\u00edva referen\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdnos z\u00edskan\u00fd z historick\u00fdch \u00fadajov farm\u00e1rov na ur\u010denie straty, Group-Risk-Plan (GRP) pou\u017e\u00edva index v\u00fdnosu na \u00farovni okresu. Toto rozhoduje National-Agricultural-Statistics-Service (NASS). Ke\u010f\u017ee tieto v\u00fdpo\u010dty m\u00f4\u017eu trva\u0165, \u010das platby pri uplatnen\u00ed n\u00e1rokov m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 dlh\u0161ie ako platby MPCI.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><strong>2. Poistenie tr\u017eieb:<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>Pois\u0165ovacie produkty proti v\u00fdpadku pr\u00edjmu na druhej strane poskytuj\u00fa ochranu pred poklesom generovan\u00fdch pr\u00edjmov, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v\u00fdsledkom straty produkcie, ako aj zmeny trhovej ceny plod\u00edn, alebo dokonca oboch.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><strong>Pokrytie v\u00fdnosov plod\u00edn (CRC): <\/strong>Vyu\u017e\u00edva dve r\u00f4zne ceny, t.j. p\u00f4vodne projektovan\u00fa cenu a \u017eatevn\u00fa cenu, ktor\u00e1 sa vypo\u010d\u00edta tesne pred zberom \u00farody. Skuto\u010dn\u00fd \u010das ur\u010denia ceny z\u00e1vis\u00ed od lokality aj od plodiny.<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Zabezpe\u010denie pr\u00edjmov (RA): <\/strong>RA zah\u0155\u0148a v\u00fdber pe\u0148a\u017enej sumy, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 by\u0165 kryt\u00e1, a t\u00e1 sa pohybuje od (65-75) % z predpokladan\u00fdch pr\u00edjmov. Av\u0161ak ako farm\u00e1ri si m\u00f4\u017eete zvoli\u0165 aj mo\u017enos\u0165 \u00farody s cenovou ochranou, ktor\u00e1 je v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee vyzer\u00e1 ako CRC, okrem toho, \u017ee nebudete ma\u0165 \u017eiadny horn\u00fd limit na ochranu cien \u00farody, na rozdiel od CRC. Ak produkcia klesne a ceny st\u00fapnu, CRC\/ RA_HPO bude ma\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161iu hodnotu a naopak.<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Skupinov\u00e1 pr\u00edjmov\u00e1 poistn\u00e1 zmluva (GRIP) <\/strong>Tento typ politiky je zalo\u017een\u00fd na poskytovan\u00ed ochrany, ak a ke\u010f priemern\u00fd pr\u00edjem okresu pod\u013ea poistenia klesne pod pr\u00edjem, ktor\u00fd si vyberie pestovate\u013e.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Poistenie plod\u00edn je \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre finan\u010dn\u00fa udr\u017eate\u013enos\u0165 ka\u017edej po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej p\u00f4dy. Hoci z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 my\u0161lienka po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskeho poistenia je rovnako jednoduch\u00e1, ako je nevyhnutn\u00e9 ju pochopi\u0165, v\u00fdber najlep\u0161ieho typu poistenia, ktor\u00fd zodpoved\u00e1 va\u0161im \u0161pecifick\u00fdm potreb\u00e1m, z mno\u017estva mo\u017enost\u00ed poistn\u00fdch zml\u00fav, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 n\u00e1ro\u010dnou \u00falohou.<\/p>\r\n<p>Typy poistn\u00fdch zml\u00fav, o ktor\u00fdch sa hovorilo vy\u0161\u0161ie, v\u00e1m dali v\u0161eobecn\u00fa predstavu o tom, ak\u00e1 by mohla by\u0165 pre v\u00e1s t\u00e1 prav\u00e1. Aby ste sa mohli rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 pre toto k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 rozhodnutie, v\u017edy sa odpor\u00fa\u010da poradi\u0165 sa s agron\u00f3mick\u00fdmi expertmi a poskytovate\u013emi agroslu\u017eieb, ako napr\u00edklad <a href=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/\">GeoPard<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p><strong>1. Oplat\u00ed sa poistenie plod\u00edn?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>M\u00f4\u017ee sa to farm\u00e1rom vyplati\u0165, preto\u017ee poskytuje finan\u010dn\u00fa ochranu pred nepredv\u00eddate\u013en\u00fdmi udalos\u0165ami, ako s\u00fa ne\u00farody, pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 katastrofy alebo cenov\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy. Pom\u00e1ha zmier\u0148ova\u0165 rizik\u00e1 spojen\u00e9 s po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvom a poskytuje z\u00e1chrann\u00fa sie\u0165 na krytie str\u00e1t.<\/p>\r\n<p>Rozhodnutie o jeho zak\u00fapen\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed od faktorov, ako je tolerancia rizika farm\u00e1ra, hodnota jeho \u00farody a pravdepodobnos\u0165 potenci\u00e1lnych nebezpe\u010denstiev.<\/p>\r\n<p>Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 starostlivo zhodnoti\u0165 mo\u017enosti krytia, n\u00e1klady a potenci\u00e1lne pr\u00ednosy, aby sa ur\u010dilo, \u010di ide o hodnotn\u00fa invest\u00edciu pre konkr\u00e9tnu farmu.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>2. Ako z\u00edska\u0165 poistenie plod\u00edn?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Z\u00edskanie spo\u010d\u00edva v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch jednoduch\u00fdch krokoch. Najprv by mali farm\u00e1ri kontaktova\u0165 svoju miestnu pobo\u010dku Farm Service Agency (FSA) Ministerstva po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva USA (USDA) alebo licencovan\u00e9ho pois\u0165ovacieho agenta pre plodiny. T\u00edto im poskytn\u00fa inform\u00e1cie o dostupn\u00fdch pois\u0165ovac\u00edch programoch a pom\u00f4\u017eu pri v\u00fdbere spr\u00e1vneho krytia.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u010ealej bud\u00fa farm\u00e1ri musie\u0165 poskytn\u00fa\u0165 podrobnosti o svojich plodin\u00e1ch, v\u00fdmere p\u00f4dy a historick\u00fdch \u00fadajoch o produkcii. Pois\u0165ovac\u00ed agent pom\u00f4\u017ee s vyplnen\u00edm potrebn\u00fdch dokumentov a podan\u00edm \u017eiadosti pred stanoven\u00fdm term\u00ednom.<\/p>\r\n<p>Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 zosta\u0165 v obraze o ak\u00fdchko\u013evek zmen\u00e1ch polit\u00edk alebo po\u017eiadaviek a pravidelne komunikova\u0165 s pois\u0165ovac\u00edm agentom po\u010das cel\u00e9ho procesu.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>3. \u010co je po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske poistenie?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske poistenie je typ poistenia \u0161peci\u00e1lne navrhnut\u00fd na ochranu farm\u00e1rov a po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych podnikov pred finan\u010dn\u00fdmi stratami sp\u00f4soben\u00fdmi r\u00f4znymi rizikami. Pom\u00e1ha farm\u00e1rom z\u00edska\u0165 sp\u00e4\u0165 svoju invest\u00edciu a stabilizova\u0165 ich pr\u00edjem v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch obdobiach.<\/p>\r\n<p>Zohr\u00e1va k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu pri riaden\u00ed riz\u00edk spojen\u00fdch so po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvom a podpore udr\u017eate\u013enosti po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych \u010dinnost\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>4. Ko\u013eko stoj\u00ed poistenie plod\u00edn?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Jeho cena sa l\u00ed\u0161i v z\u00e1vislosti od nieko\u013ek\u00fdch faktorov. Medzi ne patr\u00ed typ zvolen\u00e9ho krytia, \u00farove\u0148 rizika spojen\u00e1 s plodinou, historick\u00e9 \u00fadaje o v\u00fdnosoch farm\u00e1ra a geografick\u00e1 poloha farmy.<\/p>\r\n<p>Pr\u00e9miov\u00e9 sadzby stanovuje pois\u0165ovate\u013e a ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa ich faktory ako typ plodiny, \u00farove\u0148 krytia a pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 dodato\u010dn\u00e9 pripoistenia. V\u0161eobecne je jeho cena percentom z poistenej hodnoty a m\u00f4\u017ee sa pohybova\u0165 od nieko\u013ek\u00fdch dol\u00e1rov za akr a\u017e po v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 potenci\u00e1lneho v\u00fdnosu plod\u00edn.<\/p>\r\n<p>Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa poradi\u0165 sa s licencovan\u00fdm pois\u0165ovac\u00edm agentom, aby ste z\u00edskali presn\u00e9 odhady n\u00e1kladov na z\u00e1klade individu\u00e1lnych okolnost\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>5. Kryje poistenie plod\u00edn sucho?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>\u00c1no, m\u00f4\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 krytie pre sucho. V z\u00e1vislosti od konkr\u00e9tnej poistnej zmluvy a zvolen\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed krytia m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zahrnut\u00e9 straty s\u00favisiace so suchom. Je v\u0161ak d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee krytie pre sucho m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 obmedzenia alebo po\u017eiadavky.<\/p>\r\n<p>Napr\u00edklad t\u00e1to politika m\u00f4\u017ee obsahova\u0165 konkr\u00e9tne krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa z\u00e1va\u017enosti a trvania sucha, ako aj dopadu na produkciu plod\u00edn.<\/p>\r\n<p>Po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri by si mali d\u00f4kladne pre\u0161tudova\u0165 svoju poistn\u00fa zmluvu a poradi\u0165 sa so svoj\u00edm pois\u0165ovac\u00edm agentom, aby pochopili rozsah krytia pre sucho a ak\u00e9ko\u013evek in\u00e9 poveternostn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1.<\/p>\r\n<section class=\"blog-usp-product\">\n  <div class=\"blog-usp-product__content\">\n    <h2 class=\"blog-usp-product__title\">Monitorovanie plod\u00edn je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje pestovate\u013eom plod\u00edn detegova\u0165 probl\u00e9mov\u00e9 oblasti a zmierni\u0165 riziko str\u00e1t \u00farody. <\/h2>\n    \t  <p class=\"blog-usp-product__text\">Jednoducho monitorujte v\u00fdvoj va\u0161ej plodiny v\u010faka najnov\u0161\u00edm satelitn\u00fdm sn\u00edmkam. Pridajte do syst\u00e9mu hranice svojho pozemku a z\u00edskajte pr\u00edstup ku kompletn\u00e9mu arch\u00edvu satelitn\u00fdch sn\u00edmok na jednej obrazovke:<\/p>      \t\t\t  \t  <ul class=\"blog-usp-product__list\">\n    \t\t\t\t  <li class=\"blog-usp-product__list-item\">Hodnotenie podmienok pre rozvoj plod\u00edn.<\/li>\n      \t\t\t  <li class=\"blog-usp-product__list-item\">Detekcia vegeta\u010dn\u00fdch anom\u00e1li\u00ed v takmer re\u00e1lnom \u010dase.<\/li>\n      \t\t\t  <li class=\"blog-usp-product__list-item\">Prieskumn\u00e9 miesta s r\u00f4znymi \u00farov\u0148ami v\u00fdvoja plod\u00edn.<\/li>\n      \t\t\t  <li class=\"blog-usp-product__list-item\">Poh\u013ead cez oblaky.<\/li>\n      \t\t\t\t  <\/ul>      \t\t\t  <p class=\"blog-usp-product__text\">Preme\u0148te poznatky zo satelitn\u00e9ho monitorovania plod\u00edn na po\u013en\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a majte prospech z rozhodovania zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na d\u00e1tach:  <\/p>      \t\t\t  \t  <ul class=\"blog-usp-product__list\">\n    \t\t\t\t  <li class=\"blog-usp-product__list-item\">Detekujte rozdiel v plodinovom poraste medzi najnov\u0161\u00edmi sn\u00edmkami a preh\u013eadajte zameran\u00e9 oblasti na odber vzoriek tkan\u00edv.<\/li>\n      \t\t\t  <li class=\"blog-usp-product__list-item\">Vytvori\u0165 mapy variabiln\u00e9ho aplikovania pre ochranu plod\u00edn a prihnojovanie po\u010das vegeta\u010dnej sez\u00f3ny na z\u00e1klade pos\u00fadenia po\u013ea v takmer re\u00e1lnom \u010dase a zhroma\u017edi\u0165 spr\u00e1vu o vykonan\u00ed.<\/li>\n      \t\t\t  <li class=\"blog-usp-product__list-item\">Ozna\u010dte po\u0161koden\u00e9 plochy pol\u00ed po pr\u00edrodnej katastrofe alebo chorobe \u010di napadnut\u00ed \u0161kodcami a po\u0161lite hl\u00e1senia pois\u0165ovni.<\/li>\n      \t\t\t\t  <\/ul>      \t\t  <\/div>\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/monitorovanie-urody\/\" class=\"blog-usp-product__button\">Zistite viac<\/a>\n  <div class=\"blog-usp-product__background\"><\/div>\n  <style>\n      .blog-usp-product__background {\n          position: absolute;\n          width: 100vw;\n\/*           height: calc(100% + 60px); *\/\n          background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99) 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6) 50.32%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99) 100%), url(https:\/\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/crop-monit-bg-min.jpg), #F5F7E9;\n          opacity: 0.8;\n          transform: translateX(-50%);\n          margin-left: 50%;\n          background-position: center;\n          background-repeat: no-repeat;\n          background-size: cover;\n\t\t  z-index: -1;\n      }\n  <\/style>\n\t<script>\n\tconst usp = document.querySelector('.blog-usp-product');\n\t\tconst uspBackground = usp.querySelector('.blog-usp-product__background');\n\t\tuspBackground.style.height = `calc(${usp.offsetHeight}px)`;\n\t\tconsole.log(uspBackground);\n\t\tconsole.log(`calc(${usp.offsetHeight} + 60px)`);\n\t<\/script>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo bolo v\u017edy sprev\u00e1dzan\u00e9 inherentn\u00fdmi pr\u00edrodn\u00fdmi rizikami, a to u\u017e od \u010dias, ke\u010f na\u0161i predkovia za\u010dali pestova\u0165 plodiny a usadili sa na jednom mieste. Zatia\u013e \u010do povaha a intenzita\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":5449,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1380],"tags":[1623],"class_list":["post-5442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-whats","tag-crop-insurance"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What are the types of crop insurance \ud83d\udcc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Crop insurance is vital to financial sustainability of farmland. 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