{"id":5363,"date":"2022-07-11T13:11:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-11T11:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=5363"},"modified":"2026-09-13T10:54:52","modified_gmt":"2026-09-13T08:54:52","slug":"ako-satelitne-snimky-pomahaju-pri-monitorovani-plodin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/how-satellite-imagery-help-in-crop-monitoring\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky pom\u00e1haj\u00fa pri monitorovan\u00ed plod\u00edn"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky s\u00fa jednou z najuniverz\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00edch funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno implementova\u0165 v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej v\u00fdrobe s cie\u013eom zlep\u0161i\u0165 proces rozhodovania. Rozhodovania na z\u00e1klade ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva \u00fadajov m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 farm\u00e1rom, agron\u00f3mom alebo poradcom pochopi\u0165 situ\u00e1ciu a procesy, ktor\u00e9 prebiehaj\u00fa v monitorovan\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych oblastiach.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010co je satelitn\u00e9 zobrazovanie?<\/h2>\n<p>Satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmkovanie, zn\u00e1me aj ako dia\u013ekov\u00fd prieskum Zeme, je proces vyu\u017e\u00edvania satelitn\u00fdch sn\u00edmok na zhroma\u017e\u010fovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o zemskom povrchu, atmosf\u00e9re a oce\u00e1noch. T\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia zah\u0155\u0148a pou\u017eitie <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/audience\/forstudents\/5-8\/features\/nasa-knows\/what-is-a-satellite-58.html\">satelity<\/a> vybaven\u00e9 \u0161pecializovan\u00fdmi senzormi a kamerami, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu zachyti\u0165 sn\u00edmky Zeme vo vysokom rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed z vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n<p>Sn\u00edmky zachyten\u00e9 satelitmi sa daj\u00fa pou\u017ei\u0165 na r\u00f4zne \u00fa\u010dely vr\u00e1tane monitorovania poveternostn\u00fdch podmienok, sledovania zmien v \u017eivotnom prostred\u00ed, mapovania vyu\u017e\u00edvania p\u00f4dy a veget\u00e1cie a posudzovania dopadu pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch katastrof. M\u00f4\u017eu sa tie\u017e pou\u017ei\u0165 na vojensk\u00e9 a spravodajsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely.<\/p>\n<p>Satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmkovanie so svojimi v\u00fdhodami dok\u00e1\u017ee zobrazi\u0165 situ\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 vidie\u0165 pri be\u017enom pozorovan\u00ed. Pravideln\u00e9 pozorovania m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 ve\u013emi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 z h\u013eadiska mno\u017estva vynalo\u017eenej pracovnej sily, financi\u00ed a \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p>Aj pri pravideln\u00fdch pozorovaniach po\u010das obdobia rastu plod\u00edn existuje nieko\u013eko vec\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 vidie\u0165 vo\u013en\u00fdm okom, ako napr\u00edklad skor\u00fd v\u00fdvoj <a href=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/ako-kontrolovat-choroby-plodin-pomocou-inteligentneho-polnohospodarstva\/\">choroba<\/a> a po\u0161kodenie sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 \u0161kodcami, ktor\u00e9 v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku vedie k degrad\u00e1cii chlorofylu na bunkovej \u00farovni.<\/p>\n<p>V\u010faka integr\u00e1cii a v\u00fdpo\u010dtu spektr\u00e1lnych p\u00e1siem, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre \u013eudsk\u00e9 oko nevidite\u013en\u00e9, m\u00f4\u017eu pestovatelia a poradcovia \u013eahko vizualizova\u0165 degrad\u00e1ciu chlorofylu e\u0161te pred vidite\u013en\u00fdmi pr\u00edznakmi po\u0161kodenia rastlinami chorobami alebo \u0161kodcami.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5376\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/how-satellite-imagery-help-in-crop-monitoring\/73-2-min\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.2-min.jpg?fit=1920%2C1040&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1040\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Multispectral Satellite Imagery\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.2-min.jpg?fit=1024%2C555&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5376 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.2-min.jpg?resize=810%2C439&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Multispektr\u00e1lne satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky\" width=\"810\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.2-min.jpg?resize=1024%2C555&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.2-min.jpg?resize=300%2C163&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.2-min.jpg?resize=768%2C416&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.2-min.jpg?resize=1536%2C832&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.2-min.jpg?resize=2048%2C1109&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.2-min.jpg?resize=1200%2C650&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.2-min.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.2-min.jpg?w=1620&amp;ssl=1 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Tieto v\u00fdhody monitorovania plod\u00edn s\u00fa prospe\u0161n\u00e9 s dne\u0161n\u00fdmi technol\u00f3giami, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa integr\u00e1ciu tak\u00fdchto inform\u00e1ci\u00ed do geografick\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, \u010do vedie k vytvoreniu r\u00fdchleho a kvalitn\u00e9ho s\u00faboru \u00fadajov pripraven\u00fdch na vyu\u017eitie v rozhodovac\u00edch procesoch t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n<p>Okrem prij\u00edmania rozhodnut\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fdch na inform\u00e1ci\u00e1ch mo\u017eno satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky pou\u017ei\u0165 na pod\u00e1vanie spr\u00e1v, vedenie z\u00e1znamov a integr\u00e1ciu s r\u00f4znymi s\u00fabormi \u00fadajov (modely chor\u00f4b a \u0161kodcov, <a href=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/udaje-o-vynose\/\">mapy v\u00fdnosov<\/a>, monitorovanie \u0161kodcov, mapy hnojenia at\u010f.) s cie\u013eom vytvori\u0165 e\u0161te funk\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9m monitorovania plod\u00edn a sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm farm\u00e1r alebo in\u00ed odborn\u00edci vidia priebeh plod\u00edn po\u010das ich vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia.<\/p>\n<h2>Ako sa satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve?<\/h2>\n<p>Obr\u00e1zky sa daj\u00fa pou\u017ei\u0165 na modelovanie a v\u00fdpo\u010det spektr\u00e1lnych indexov, ktor\u00e9 sa nesk\u00f4r porovnaj\u00fa a pou\u017eij\u00fa na vizualiz\u00e1ciu vo forme farebnej synt\u00e9zy, bu\u010f vo vidite\u013enej \u010dasti spektra, alebo zahrnut\u00edm in\u00fdch vlnov\u00fdch d\u013a\u017eok. Spr\u00e1vne zvolen\u00e1 farebn\u00e1 synt\u00e9za dok\u00e1\u017ee odhali\u0165 rast plod\u00edn, stres alebo stav p\u00f4dy. <a href=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/ako-sa-vysporiadat-s-vodnou-eroziou\/\">er\u00f3zia<\/a> zobrazen\u00e9 r\u00f4znymi farbami.<\/p>\n<p>Spektr\u00e1lne indexy s\u00fa kombin\u00e1cie spektr\u00e1lneho odrazu dvoch alebo viacer\u00fdch vlnov\u00fdch d\u013a\u017eok na zobrazenie zauj\u00edmav\u00fdch prvkov. Indexy plod\u00edn sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve, ale indexy sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj na identifik\u00e1ciu sp\u00e1len\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, in\u00fdch umel\u00fdch charakterist\u00edk, vody a in\u00fdch geologick\u00fdch prvkov.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5377\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/how-satellite-imagery-help-in-crop-monitoring\/73-3-min\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.3-min.jpg?fit=1920%2C1040&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1040\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Hyperspectral Satellite Imagery\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.3-min.jpg?fit=1024%2C555&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5377 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.3-min.jpg?resize=810%2C439&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Hyperspektr\u00e1lne satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky\" width=\"810\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.3-min.jpg?resize=1024%2C555&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.3-min.jpg?resize=300%2C163&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.3-min.jpg?resize=768%2C416&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.3-min.jpg?resize=1536%2C832&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.3-min.jpg?resize=2048%2C1109&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.3-min.jpg?resize=1200%2C650&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.3-min.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.3-min.jpg?w=1620&amp;ssl=1 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Medzi u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 spektr\u00e1lne indexy v pestovan\u00ed plod\u00edn patria:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/vegetacny-index-ako-sa-pouziva-v-presnom-polnohospodarstve\/\">NDVI<\/a> (Normalizovan\u00fd index rozdielnej veget\u00e1cie).<\/li>\n<li>EVI (Index vylep\u0161enej veget\u00e1cie).<\/li>\n<li>RENDVI alebo NDRE (Index normalizovan\u00fdch rozdielov veget\u00e1cie \u010derven\u00e9ho okraja).<\/li>\n<li>GNDVI (Index zelenej normalizovanej diferen\u010dnej veget\u00e1cie).<\/li>\n<li>MSI alebo NDWI (Moisture Stress Index).<\/li>\n<li>LAI (Index listovej plochy).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>NDVI je jeden z najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00edch indexov a \u010dasto sa pou\u017e\u00edva na pos\u00fadenie po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu plodiny. In\u00e9 indexy pracuj\u00fa s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi charakteristikami, tak\u017ee v\u00fdsledky s\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00e9 pre konkr\u00e9tne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske lokality, je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pracova\u0165 s hist\u00f3riou veget\u00e1cie p\u00f4dy.<\/p>\n<h2>NDVI (Normalizovan\u00fd index rozdielnej veget\u00e1cie)<\/h2>\n<p>Tento index je mierou zelenej veget\u00e1cie a vo v\u0161eobecnosti je najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00edm indexom. Listy odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa infra\u010derven\u00e9 svetlo (NIR) a na fotosynt\u00e9zu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa iba vidite\u013en\u00e9 svetlo. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zdrav\u00fa rastlinu s dobrou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou fotosynt\u00e9zy mo\u017eno analyzova\u0165 porovnan\u00edm NIR s vidite\u013en\u00fdm \u010derven\u00fdm svetlom.<\/p>\n<p>Nezdrav\u00e1 veget\u00e1cia bude odr\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 viac vidite\u013en\u00e9ho svetla a zn\u00ed\u017ei NIR. Zdrav\u00e1 veget\u00e1cia zn\u00ed\u017ei \u010das\u0165 vidite\u013en\u00e9ho svetla, ktor\u00e9 na \u0148u dopad\u00e1. NDVI je v\u0161ak citliv\u00fd na vplyvy p\u00f4dy (svetlo a farba), obla\u010dnos\u0165 a tie\u0148. Hodnoty NDVI m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 tie\u017e nespr\u00e1vne v situ\u00e1cii s hustou veget\u00e1ciou.<\/p>\n<p><strong>EVI (Index vylep\u0161enej veget\u00e1cie)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tento index je \u0161tandardom pre spektr\u00e1 so stredn\u00fdm rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm \u2013 n\u00e1stroj pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd na satelitoch Terra a Aqua. EVI predstavuje alternat\u00edvu k NDVI, ktor\u00e1 odr\u00e1\u017ea niektor\u00e9 jeho nedostatky, napr. p\u00f4dne a atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 obmedzenia, optimaliz\u00e1ciou odrazivosti listovej veget\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p>Na korekciu sign\u00e1lu vyu\u017e\u00edva modr\u00fa \u010das\u0165 vidite\u013en\u00e9ho spektra, \u010d\u00edm zni\u017euje \u00fa\u010dinky vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdch obmedzen\u00ed vr\u00e1tane rozptylu elektromagnetick\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia aeros\u00f3lmi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>RENDVI alebo NDRE (Index normalizovan\u00fdch rozdielov veget\u00e1cie \u010derven\u00e9ho okraja)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tento index je zalo\u017een\u00fd na \u0161tandardnom indexe NDVI, ale s \u00fapravami. RENDVI je ve\u013emi u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd v presnom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve, monitorovan\u00ed lesov a detekcii stresu plod\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p>Jeho \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 je sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 zahrnut\u00edm vlnov\u00fdch d\u013a\u017eok, ktor\u00e9 spadaj\u00fa do \u010derven\u00e9ho koncov\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma, a nie vlnov\u00fdch d\u013a\u017eok, ktor\u00e9 zodpovedaj\u00fa hodnote odrazu a absorpcie. Je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 vhodn\u00fd na detekciu mal\u00fdch zmien v stave veget\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>GNDVI (Index zelenej normalizovanej diferen\u010dnej veget\u00e1cie)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tento index je podobn\u00fd indexu NDVI a meria odraz svetla v zelenej \u010dasti spektra v rozsahu vlnov\u00fdch d\u013a\u017eok 540 a\u017e 570 nanometrov namiesto \u010dervenej \u010dasti spektra. V\u010faka tomu je index citlivej\u0161\u00ed na obsah chlorofylu v zelen\u00fdch \u010dastiach plod\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p><strong>MSI (index vlhkostn\u00e9ho stresu)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tento index je citliv\u00fd na zv\u00fd\u0161enie obsahu vody v listoch. Index MSI sa pou\u017e\u00edva na detekciu stresu z nedostatku vody a je dobr\u00fdm indik\u00e1torom stavu plod\u00edn, ktor\u00fd sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva na modelovanie plod\u00edn, anal\u00fdzu po\u017eiarov a fyziol\u00f3giu ekosyst\u00e9mov. Vysok\u00e9 hodnoty nazna\u010duj\u00fa stres z nedostatku vody a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed obsah vody.<\/p>\n<p><strong>LAI (Index listovej plochy)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tento index sa pou\u017e\u00edva na odhad listovej plochy a na predpovedanie rastu a v\u00fdnosu rastl\u00edn.<\/p>\n<h2>Typy satelitn\u00fdch sn\u00edmok plod\u00edn<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Satelity a poskytovatelia technol\u00f3gi\u00ed<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Typ satelitn\u00fdch sn\u00edmok<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Opakovanie cyklu<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Priestorov\u00e9 rozl\u00ed\u0161enie<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Landsat4-9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RGB, MULTISPEKT\u00c1LNY, PANCHROMATICK\u00dd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8 dn\u00ed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">15, 30, 100 m<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sentinel-2,<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RGB, MULTISPEKT\u00c1LNY<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5 dn\u00ed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10 metrov<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rozsah plan\u00e9ty<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RGB, MULTISPEKT\u00c1LNY<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Denne<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3-4 m<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plan\u00e9ta SkySat<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PANCHROMATICK\u00dd, MULTISPEKT\u00c1LNY<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Denne<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0,5, 0,71 \u2013 0,82 m<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Airbus Pleiades<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MULTISPEKT\u00c1LNY<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Denne<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0,5 m<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pros\u00ed NEO<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PANCHROMATICK\u00dd, MULTISPEKT\u00c1LNY<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">40 min\u00fat po po\u017eiadan\u00ed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0,3 m<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u013dADOV\u00c9 OKO<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SYNTETICK\u00dd APET\u00d3RNY RADAR<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Denne<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0,25 m<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hyperion<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HYPERSPEKTR\u00c1LNY<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neuveden\u00e9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">30 metrov<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hranol<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HYPERSPEKTR\u00c1LNY<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neuveden\u00e9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0,3 m<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>Pr\u00edpady pou\u017eitia satelitn\u00e9ho zobrazovania<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Tu je nieko\u013eko d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch sp\u00f4sobov vyu\u017eitia satelitn\u00fdch sn\u00edmok pri monitorovan\u00ed plod\u00edn:<\/p>\n<p><b>Term\u00e1lne sn\u00edmky<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Teplo vy\u017earovan\u00e9 objektmi na \u00farovni zeme je mo\u017en\u00e9 vidie\u0165 na termografii zhotovenej zo vzduchu, ktor\u00e1 tie\u017e odha\u013euje teplotn\u00e9 zmeny zodpovedaj\u00face stresu plod\u00edn. Odstr\u00e1nenie nepotrebn\u00fdch prvkov, ako napr\u00edklad oto\u010dn\u00e9ho zariadenia, z obrazu pomocou kalibr\u00e1cie a korekcie obrazu zabra\u0148uje skresleniu \u00fadajov. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chladnej\u0161ie oblasti sa na fin\u00e1lnych sn\u00edmkach zobrazuj\u00fa fialovo a teplej\u0161ie oblasti \u017elto. Termografia je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 pri h\u013eadan\u00ed \u00fanikov, upchatia a in\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov so zavla\u017eovan\u00edm, preto\u017ee voda ochladzuje veget\u00e1ciu. Termografia pom\u00e1ha pestovate\u013eom identifikova\u0165 predsymptomatick\u00e9 choroby a \u0161kodcov a reagova\u0165 v\u010dasnej\u0161\u00edmi a cielenej\u0161\u00edmi z\u00e1sahmi odhalen\u00edm drobn\u00fdch zmien teploty povrchu listov.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Vlhkos\u0165 p\u00f4dy<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo mus\u00ed zoh\u013ead\u0148ova\u0165 p\u00f4dnu vlhkos\u0165. Pre aplik\u00e1cie presn\u00e9ho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva (v rozsahu jednotliv\u00fdch pol\u00ed) a s o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00edm zlep\u0161enia modelovania v\u00fdnosov plod\u00edn je dostupnos\u0165 m\u00e1p p\u00f4dnej vlhkosti s vysok\u00fdm rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vzh\u013eadom na n\u00edzke priestorov\u00e9 rozl\u00ed\u0161enie a mal\u00fa h\u013abku pozorovan\u00ed sa produkty p\u00f4dnej vlhkosti generovan\u00e9 zo satelitov doteraz pou\u017e\u00edvali len zriedkavo na podporu po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskeho rozhodovania na \u00farovni fariem alebo pol\u00ed. Ak v\u0161ak dok\u00e1\u017eu poskytn\u00fa\u0165 relevantn\u00e9 \u00fadaje o prijate\u013en\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch a priestorov\u00fdch rozmeroch, o\u010dak\u00e1va sa, \u017ee p\u00f4dna vlhkos\u0165 z\u00edskan\u00e1 zo satelitov bude ma\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fd potenci\u00e1l.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Rozl\u00ed\u0161enie<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky s vysok\u00fdm rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm z n\u00edzkoobr\u00e1tkov\u00fdch satelitov sa v poslednej dobe stali rozvinutej\u0161\u00edmi a dostupnej\u0161\u00edmi, \u010do poskytuje \u010fal\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pre aplik\u00e1cie fenotypiz\u00e1cie. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nok ilustruje, ako sa satelitn\u00e1 fotografia pou\u017e\u00edva pri fenotypiz\u00e1cii plod\u00edn a po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej produkcii, a identifikuje vlastnosti rastl\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 pos\u00fadi\u0165 pomocou satelitn\u00fdch \u00fadajov s vysok\u00fdm rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u010cl\u00e1nok sa zaober\u00e1 v\u00fdhodami pou\u017e\u00edvania satelitn\u00e9ho fenotypovania v programoch \u0161\u013eachtenia plod\u00edn, ako aj jeho nev\u00fdhodami, ako je napr\u00edklad blokovanie obla\u010dnos\u0165ou. Sk\u00fama tie\u017e potenci\u00e1lne vyu\u017eitie satelitn\u00e9ho sn\u00edmania s vysok\u00fdm rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm ako n\u00e1stroja fenotypovania v bud\u00facnosti. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aby sa \u0161\u013eachtitelia rastl\u00edn mohli vybra\u0165 vysoko v\u00fdnosn\u00e9 a stresu odoln\u00e9 odrody, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu uspokoji\u0165 glob\u00e1lny dopyt po potravin\u00e1ch a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa vyrovna\u0165 so zmenou kl\u00edmy, mo\u017eno ako fenotypiza\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj na hodnotenie odr\u00f4d plod\u00edn pou\u017ei\u0165 satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky s vysok\u00fdm rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5378\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/how-satellite-imagery-help-in-crop-monitoring\/73-4-min\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.4-min.jpg?fit=2400%2C1300&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2400,1300\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Satellite monitoring of crops\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.4-min.jpg?fit=1024%2C555&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5378 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.4-min.jpg?resize=810%2C439&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Satelitn\u00e9 monitorovanie\" width=\"810\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.4-min.jpg?resize=1024%2C555&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.4-min.jpg?resize=300%2C163&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.4-min.jpg?resize=768%2C416&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.4-min.jpg?resize=1536%2C832&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.4-min.jpg?resize=2048%2C1109&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.4-min.jpg?resize=1200%2C650&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/73.4-min.jpg?w=1620&amp;ssl=1 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aplik\u00e1cie satelitn\u00fdch sn\u00edmok<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/\">GeoPard<\/a> schopnosti a<a href=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/ako-satelitne-snimky-pomahaju-pri-monitorovani-plodin\/\"> pon\u00fakaj\u00fa aplik\u00e1cie satelitn\u00e9ho zobrazovania<\/a> pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom vizualizova\u0165, normalizova\u0165, analyzova\u0165 a z\u00edskava\u0165 poznatky priamo z po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych pozemkov s cie\u013eom zlep\u0161i\u0165 produkciu plod\u00edn. Toto vyu\u017eitie \u00fadajov je mo\u017en\u00e9 dosiahnu\u0165 pomocou hotov\u00fdch algoritmov GeoPard alebo vytvoren\u00edm vlastn\u00fdch algoritmov, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 pre agron\u00f3miu. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tieto algoritmy umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa vyhodnotenie rastu plod\u00edn, stresu at\u010f. (pozri fotografiu) alebo dokonca vytv\u00e1ranie m\u00e1p s predpismi: napr\u00edklad mapy aplik\u00e1cie dus\u00edka VR, mapy aplik\u00e1cie postrekov na ochranu plod\u00edn.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>1. Ako z\u00edska\u0165 satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky pre farmu?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ak ho chcete z\u00edska\u0165 pre svoju farmu, vyh\u013eadajte poskytovate\u013eov, zaregistrujte sa a z\u00edskajte pr\u00edstup k ich datab\u00e1ze alebo port\u00e1lu. Zadajte polohu svojej farmy a po\u017eadovan\u00e9 parametre, aby ste z\u00edskali relevantn\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky pre monitorovanie po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Pre\u010do s\u00fa satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 pre pochopenie potravinov\u00fdch siet\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 pri pochopen\u00ed potravinov\u00fdch siet\u00ed v\u010faka svojej schopnosti poskytn\u00fa\u0165 \u0161irok\u00fd a komplexn\u00fd poh\u013ead na ekosyst\u00e9my. Zachyten\u00edm ve\u013ekoplo\u0161n\u00fdch sn\u00edmok pevniny a vodn\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch umo\u017e\u0148uje vedcom pozorova\u0165 a analyzova\u0165 priestorov\u00e9 rozlo\u017eenie r\u00f4znych biotopov a zdrojov.<\/p>\n<p>To zase pom\u00e1ha pri \u0161t\u00fadiu interakci\u00ed medzi r\u00f4znymi druhmi, identifik\u00e1cii k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov v oblasti k\u0155menia a pochopen\u00ed toku energie prostredn\u00edctvom potravinov\u00fdch siet\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pom\u00e1ha rozl\u00fa\u0161ti\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00fa ekologick\u00fa dynamiku a prispieva k hlb\u0161iemu pochopeniu fungovania ekosyst\u00e9mov a \u00fasilia o ich ochranu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Ak\u00e9 drah\u00e9 s\u00fa satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jeho cena sa l\u00ed\u0161i v z\u00e1vislosti od nieko\u013ek\u00fdch faktorov. Patria sem poskytovate\u013e, rozl\u00ed\u0161enie, frekvencia sn\u00edmania a rozsah potrebn\u00e9ho pokrytia. Ceny sa m\u00f4\u017eu pohybova\u0165 od cenovo dostupn\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed pre sn\u00edmky s n\u00edzkym rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm a\u017e po drah\u0161ie mo\u017enosti pre monitorovanie s vysok\u00fdm rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase.<\/p>\n<p>Okrem toho, \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 slu\u017eby alebo po\u017eiadavky na prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 \u00fadaje m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 spojen\u00e9 s dodato\u010dn\u00fdmi n\u00e1kladmi. Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa presk\u00fama\u0165 r\u00f4znych poskytovate\u013eov a ich cenov\u00e9 modely, aby ste na\u0161li rie\u0161enie satelitn\u00e9ho zobrazovania, ktor\u00e9 zodpoved\u00e1 va\u0161im \u0161pecifick\u00fdm po\u017eiadavk\u00e1m a rozpo\u010dtu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u010co s\u00fa infra\u010derven\u00e9 satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky? Ako ich \u010d\u00edta\u0165?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zachyt\u00e1va infra\u010derven\u00e9 \u017eiarenie vy\u017earovan\u00e9 objektmi a povrchmi na zemskom povrchu. Poskytuje cenn\u00e9 poznatky o teplotn\u00fdch vari\u00e1ci\u00e1ch a tepeln\u00fdch vzorcoch.<\/p>\n<p>Na \u010d\u00edtanie infra\u010derven\u00fdch satelitn\u00fdch sn\u00edmok je potrebn\u00e9 pochopi\u0165, \u017ee teplej\u0161ie objekty sa na sn\u00edmke javia jasnej\u0161ie, zatia\u013e \u010do chladnej\u0161ie objekty sa javia tmav\u0161ie. Anal\u00fdzou t\u00fdchto teplotn\u00fdch zmien je mo\u017en\u00e9 pos\u00fadi\u0165 form\u00e1ciu oblakov, identifikova\u0165 teplotn\u00e9 rozdiely na s\u00fa\u0161i a vo vode, odhali\u0165 lesn\u00e9 po\u017eiare a dokonca monitorova\u0165 oce\u00e1nske pr\u00fady.<\/p>\n<p>Pochopenie farebnej \u0161k\u00e1ly a interpret\u00e1cia \u00farovn\u00ed jasu na sn\u00edmkach pom\u00e1ha pri z\u00edskavan\u00ed zmyslupln\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed z infra\u010derven\u00fdch satelitn\u00fdch sn\u00edmok.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Satelitn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky s\u00fa jednou z najuniverz\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00edch funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno implementova\u0165 v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej v\u00fdrobe s cie\u013eom zlep\u0161i\u0165 proces rozhodovania. Prij\u00edmanie rozhodnut\u00ed,\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":5375,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1661,1380],"tags":[1599],"class_list":["post-5363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-satellite-imagery","category-whats","tag-remote-sensing"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - 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