{"id":4200,"date":"2022-04-15T03:47:45","date_gmt":"2022-04-15T01:47:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=4200"},"modified":"2023-06-18T22:19:31","modified_gmt":"2023-06-18T20:19:31","slug":"typy-zavlazovacich-systemov-zelenych-striech-a-ich-organizacia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/types-of-green-roof-irrigation-systems-and-their-organization\/","title":{"rendered":"Typy zavla\u017eovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mov zelen\u00fdch striech a ich organiz\u00e1cia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Environment\u00e1lne kampane a dokonca aj \u00favahy o ochrane \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia podporuj\u00fa vyu\u017e\u00edvanie zelen\u00fdch striech. Na rozdiel od tvrd\u00fdch stavebn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, ako s\u00fa \u0161kridly, je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee zelen\u00e9 strechy v\u00fdrazne zni\u017euj\u00fa odtok da\u017e\u010fovej vody, a t\u00fdm aj probl\u00e9my so z\u00e1plavami. Komplexn\u00e9 stre\u0161n\u00e9 zavla\u017eovacie syst\u00e9my dok\u00e1\u017eu zadr\u017ea\u0165 a\u017e pribli\u017ene 901 TP3T da\u017e\u010fovej vody a dokonca aj ten najten\u0161\u00ed komplexn\u00fd syst\u00e9m zelen\u00fdch striech zadr\u017e\u00ed a\u017e 401 TP3T da\u017e\u010fovej vody.<\/p>\n

Okrem toho je pravdepodobnej\u0161ie, \u017ee zvy\u0161n\u00fdch 60% da\u017e\u010fovej vody odte\u010die pomerne pomal\u0161ie v porovnan\u00ed s konven\u010dnou strechou. Zelen\u00e9 strechy s\u00fa tie\u017e zn\u00e1me t\u00fdm, \u017ee pon\u00fakaj\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd kryt pri zni\u017eovan\u00ed prestupu tepla a dokonca aj pri zni\u017eovan\u00ed hluku.<\/p>\n

Okrem zv\u00fd\u0161enia rozmanitosti a poskytovania biotopu pre zvierat\u00e1 aj rastliny, v\u0161etky zelen\u00e9 strechy s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou zvy\u0161uj\u00fa kvalitu ovzdu\u0161ia filtrovan\u00edm prachov\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00fdch vzduchom a dokonca aj in\u00fdch zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich l\u00e1tok. V\u0161etky n\u00e1vrhy zelen\u00fdch striech s\u00fa jednoducho kompromisom medzi poskytnut\u00edm dostato\u010dnej p\u00f4dy pre rastliny aj tr\u00e1vu, aby sa im darilo bez dozoru, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zabezpe\u010den\u00edm zn\u00ed\u017eenia hmotnosti strechy.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee p\u00f4da m\u00e1 vysok\u00fa hustotu, cena za v\u00fdstavbu stre\u0161n\u00fdch kon\u0161trukci\u00ed sa zvy\u0161uje v z\u00e1vislosti od potrebnej h\u013abky p\u00f4dy. V takom pr\u00edpade niektor\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa minim\u00e1lne mno\u017estvo p\u00f4dy a dokonca aj \u0161peci\u00e1lne zmesi obsahuj\u00face kompost na zn\u00ed\u017eenie hmotnosti.<\/p>\n

Z z\u00e1hradn\u00edckeho h\u013eadiska mal\u00e1 h\u013abka a exponovan\u00e1 poloha sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa ve\u013emi r\u00fdchle vysychanie p\u00f4dy, \u010do vedie k stresu rastl\u00edn a dokonca k ich zlyhaniu. Typy zavla\u017eovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mov zelen\u00fdch striech a ich organiz\u00e1cia. Existuj\u00fa iba dva z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 typy dizajnu zelen\u00fdch striech.<\/p>\n

Intenz\u00edvne stre\u0161n\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/h2>\n

Tento druh syst\u00e9mu sa v\u017edy pou\u017e\u00edva tam, kde je potrebn\u00e9 bezbari\u00e9rov\u00e9 z\u00e1hradn\u00e9 prostredie. S\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou tohto n\u00e1vrhu s\u00fa kon\u0161trukcie, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa vodn\u00e9 prvky, kvetin\u00e1\u010de, lavi\u010dky a tie\u017e stromy.<\/p>\n

V tomto pr\u00edpade je p\u00f4da v\u017edy hlb\u0161ia, \u010do si vy\u017eaduje pevnej\u0161iu stre\u0161n\u00fa kon\u0161trukciu, aby odolala dodato\u010dnej hmotnosti. Pri tomto type kon\u0161trukcie je op\u00e4\u0165 potrebn\u00e1 kompletn\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba, preto\u017ee sa v\u017edy pou\u017e\u00edva pestrej\u0161\u00ed typ rastl\u00edn.<\/p>\n

\"Typy<\/p>\n

Rozsiahle stre\u0161n\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Toto sa v\u017edy za\u010d\u00edna v\u017edy, ke\u010f s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 environment\u00e1lne v\u00fdhody zelenej strechy. Sedumy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa tie\u017e zn\u00e1me ako n\u00edzko rast\u00face rastliny odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di suchu, s\u00fa vopred zo\u0161it\u00e9 do deky a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa v\u017edy \u010dastej\u0161ie kv\u00f4li svojej vysokej tolerancii a tie\u017e \u013eahkej kon\u0161trukcii.<\/p>\n

Okrem toho v\u0161etk\u00e9ho si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa aj miernu \u00fadr\u017ebu, a preto sa pova\u017euj\u00fa za lacn\u00e9, pokia\u013e ide o \u00fadr\u017ebu.<\/p>\n

Zavla\u017eovacie met\u00f3dy<\/h2>\n

Tieto bud\u00fa v\u017edy z\u00e1visie\u0165 od aplik\u00e1cie okrem in\u00fdch aspektov; existuj\u00fa v\u0161ak dva hlavn\u00e9 typy. Patria sem:<\/p>\n

1. Zavla\u017eovacie syst\u00e9my<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u017edy sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v intenz\u00edvnych stre\u0161n\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch. Ak je h\u013abka strechy extr\u00e9mne mal\u00e1, pr\u00edvodn\u00e9 potrubie sa umiest\u0148uje na \u0161trkov\u00fd okraj alebo dokonca na vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 z\u00e1hony pozd\u013a\u017e v\u0161etk\u00fdch okrajov tr\u00e1vnika.<\/p>\n

Star\u00e9 postrekova\u010de na tr\u00e1vniky s v\u00fdsuvn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom s\u00fa v\u017edy umiestnen\u00e9 po vonkaj\u0161om obvode tr\u00e1vnatej plochy a postrekuj\u00fa a\u017e po cel\u00fa plochu tr\u00e1vnika. Tieto druhy postrekova\u010dov s\u00fa zn\u00e1me svojim \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdm pokryt\u00edm a mo\u017eno ich pou\u017ei\u0165 aj na postrekovanie tr\u00e1vy v skor\u0161\u00edch d\u0148och po jej nain\u0161talovan\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010co sa t\u00fdka tr\u00e1vnikov s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou h\u013abkou p\u00f4dy, v\u00fdsuvn\u00e9 zavla\u017eova\u010de sa daj\u00fa perfektne umiestni\u0165 do plochy tr\u00e1vnika a bud\u00fa potom fungova\u0165 rovnako ako zavla\u017eova\u010de na starom tr\u00e1vniku.<\/p>\n

2. Kvapkov\u00e9 potrubia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pri rozsiahlych zelen\u00fdch strech\u00e1ch s\u00fa v\u017edy in\u0161talovan\u00e9 kvapkov\u00e9 zavla\u017eovacie potrubie, ktor\u00e9 je zameran\u00e9 priamo na kore\u0148ov\u00fa z\u00f3nu. Treba si tie\u017e uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee by sa nemalo in\u0161talova\u0165 po\u010das in\u0161tal\u00e1cie zelenej strechy.<\/p>\n

V\u017edy sa pou\u017e\u00edva \u0161peci\u00e1lne kvapkov\u00e9 potrubie, ktor\u00e9 sa pohybuje a\u017e ku kore\u0148ovej z\u00f3ne \u2013 a aj nieko\u013eko be\u017en\u00fdch kvapkov\u00fdch potrub\u00ed sa pri pou\u017eit\u00ed na vykon\u00e1vanie tak\u00fdchto oper\u00e1ci\u00ed v\u017edy upch\u00e1. Origin\u00e1lne individu\u00e1lne kvapka\u010de s\u00fa tie\u017e vybaven\u00e9 kompenza\u010dn\u00fdm zariaden\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010duje, \u017ee aj ke\u010f sa strecha zdvihne, ka\u017ed\u00fd kvapka\u010d je schopn\u00fd poskytn\u00fa\u0165 podobn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo vody.<\/p>\n

Kvapkov\u00e9 potrubia sa tie\u017e klad\u00fa pod povrch p\u00f4dy na \u00farovni kore\u0148ov. V z\u00e1vislosti od pou\u017eitia sa kvapkov\u00e9 potrubia klad\u00fa pozd\u013a\u017e strechy v l\u00edni\u00e1ch s intervalmi 300 a\u017e 400 m. Pokia\u013e ide o rozchodn\u00edky, na zvlh\u010denie kapil\u00e1rneho typu roho\u017ee a nie rozchodn\u00edkov s\u00fa v\u017edy potrebn\u00e9 dve l\u00ednie kvapkov\u00e9ho potrubia \u2013 jedna nad svahom a druh\u00e1 v polovici sklonu.<\/p>\n

V pr\u00edpade intenz\u00edvnych stre\u0161n\u00fdch z\u00e1hrad, kde sa umiest\u0148uj\u00fa kvetin\u00e1\u010de alebo dokonca kr\u00edkov\u00e9 z\u00e1hony, sa musia v\u0161etky zavla\u017eova\u0165 pomocou kvapkadiel, ktor\u00e9 sa umiest\u0148uj\u00fa na povrch (zvy\u010dajne pod mul\u010d) z\u00e1honu. Ak sa v stre\u0161nej ploche nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa kvetin\u00e1\u010de alebo dokonca urny, je mo\u017en\u00e9 ich zavla\u017eova\u0165 pomocou samostatn\u00fdch kvapkadiel, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v ka\u017edom kvetin\u00e1\u010di.<\/p>\n

3. Tlakov\u00e9 a regula\u010dn\u00e9 jednotky<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vzh\u013eadom na umiestnenie zavla\u017eovania vo vysokej nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ke bude potrebn\u00fd tlakov\u00fd zdroj vody, aby sa voda mohla rovnomerne rozde\u013eova\u0165. Vodn\u00e9 predpisy v\u017edy vy\u017eaduj\u00fa druh vzduchovej brzdy typu \u2018A\u2019 na v\u0161etk\u00fdch zavla\u017eovac\u00edch syst\u00e9moch. T\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 odvoden\u00e1 z kompatibiln\u00e9ho tlakov\u00e9ho zdroja v danej budove alebo dokonca z vyhradenej vybudovanej tlakovej jednotky.<\/p>\n

Ten je v\u017edy predmontovan\u00fd a m\u00e1 tie\u017e zabudovan\u00fa n\u00e1dr\u017e na vodu vybaven\u00fa vzduchovou medzerou, regul\u00e1torom a tie\u017e tlakov\u00fdm \u010derpadlom. T\u00e1to jednotka je v\u017edy umiestnen\u00e1 v \u010derpacej miestnosti na ni\u017e\u0161ej \u00farovni. Meden\u00e9 alebo MDPE potrubie je v\u017edy presunut\u00e9 z jeho umiestnenia a\u017e na \u00farove\u0148 strechy.<\/p>\n

V\u0161etko, \u010do je tu potrebn\u00e9, je vodovod a dodato\u010dn\u00e1 podmienka - nap\u00e1janie 230 V. Ovl\u00e1da\u010d je mo\u017en\u00e9 naprogramova\u0165 tak, aby automaticky zavla\u017eoval denne alebo dokonca t\u00fd\u017edenne po\u010das ur\u010dit\u00e9ho \u010dasov\u00e9ho obdobia, a je mo\u017en\u00e9 ho ovl\u00e1da\u0165 aj manu\u00e1lne, kedyko\u013evek je to potrebn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00eddavn\u00fd senzor je mo\u017en\u00e9 umiestni\u0165 pod\u013ea potreby \u2013 t\u00fdm sa jednoducho zn\u00ed\u017ei alebo dokonca zabr\u00e1ni zavla\u017eovaniu pri da\u017edi.<\/p>\n

Nieko\u013eko tipov na vytvorenie zavla\u017eovacieho syst\u00e9mu na zelenej streche<\/h2>\n

Ni\u017e\u0161ie je uveden\u00fd zoznam a popis niektor\u00fdch tipov alebo \u00favah, ktor\u00e9 je potrebn\u00e9 ma\u0165 na pam\u00e4ti pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed zavla\u017eovacieho syst\u00e9mu pre zelen\u00fa strechu:<\/p>\n

\u00davahy o hmotnosti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mus\u00edte si by\u0165 ist\u00ed, \u017ee v\u0161etky veci, ktor\u00e9 ste postavili na svojej streche, s\u00fa dokonale podopret\u00e9. Aby ste sa vyhli t\u00fdmto probl\u00e9mom, mus\u00edte zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 s\u00fastredeniu ve\u013ekej \u010dasti v\u00e1hy na mal\u00e9 plochy pou\u017eit\u00edm dreven\u00fdch alebo dokonca PVC r\u00e1mov, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu rozlo\u017ei\u0165 v\u00e1hu na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu plochu.<\/p>\n

Majte na pam\u00e4ti, \u017ee ak nezabezpe\u010d\u00edte spr\u00e1vnu podopretie, je vy\u0161\u0161ia pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee v\u00e1m strecha zate\u010die alebo sa dokonca zr\u00fati, \u010do povedie k n\u00e1kladnej oprave.<\/p>\n

Kedy polieva\u0165<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bez oh\u013eadu na to, ak\u00fd mechanizmus pou\u017e\u00edvate, v\u017edy existuje dan\u00fd \u010das na zavla\u017eovanie. Mus\u00edte vedie\u0165, \u017ee v \u017eiadnom pr\u00edpade by ste nemali rastliny zalieva\u0165 uprostred d\u0148a, preto\u017ee to sp\u00f4sob\u00ed ich v\u00e4dnutie alebo dokonca sp\u00e1lenie.<\/p>\n

\"Tipy<\/p>\n

Najlep\u0161\u00ed \u010das na zalievanie rastl\u00edn je zvy\u010dajne 3 hodiny bezprostredne po v\u00fdchode slnka a tie\u017e 3 hodiny pred z\u00e1padom slnka. Ak sa nach\u00e1dzate vo ve\u013emi such\u00fdch oblastiach, najlep\u0161\u00ed \u010das na zalievanie rastl\u00edn by mal by\u0165 ve\u010der, preto\u017ee to d\u00e1va rastlin\u00e1m... p\u00f4da<\/a> dostato\u010dn\u00fd \u010das na absorbovanie vody predt\u00fdm, ako sa odpar\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dom\u00e1ce zavla\u017eovanie<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u017edy sa m\u00f4\u017eete rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 pou\u017ei\u0165 rolovan\u00e9 r\u00farky na vybudovanie jednoduch\u00e9ho zavla\u017eovacieho syst\u00e9mu. Odtok m\u00f4\u017eete tie\u017e odvies\u0165 do centr\u00e1lnej recykla\u010dnej n\u00e1dr\u017ee, kde sa preced\u00ed a potom pre\u010derp\u00e1 sp\u00e4\u0165 k rastlin\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Preosiaty odpad sa d\u00e1 rovnomerne rozlo\u017ei\u0165 po stre\u0161nej z\u00e1hrade. Na zabezpe\u010denie distrib\u00facie vody pou\u017eite lacnej\u0161ie \u010derpadlo a nastavte ho na be\u017en\u00fd n\u00e1stenn\u00fd \u010dasova\u010d.<\/p>\n

\n

\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n
\n

1. Ako vytvori\u0165 stre\u0161n\u00fd tr\u00e1vnik?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ak chcete vytvori\u0165 stre\u0161n\u00fd tr\u00e1vnik, postupujte pod\u013ea t\u00fdchto krokov:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Skontrolujte \u0161truktur\u00e1lnu integritu<\/strong>Uistite sa, \u017ee va\u0161a strecha unesie hmotnos\u0165 tr\u00e1vnika. V pr\u00edpade potreby sa pora\u010fte so statikom.<\/li>\n
  • Nain\u0161talujte vodotesn\u00fa membr\u00e1nu<\/strong>Naneste hydroizola\u010dn\u00fa vrstvu, aby ste zabr\u00e1nili zatekaniu vody do budovy. To je nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre ochranu kon\u0161trukcie.<\/li>\n
  • Vybudujte dren\u00e1\u017eny syst\u00e9m<\/strong>Nain\u0161talujte vhodn\u00fd dren\u00e1\u017eny syst\u00e9m, aby ste zabr\u00e1nili hromadeniu vody. Na u\u013eah\u010denie odtoku vody pou\u017eite dren\u00e1\u017ene roho\u017ee, perforovan\u00e9 r\u00fary a hydroizola\u010dn\u00fa membr\u00e1nu.<\/li>\n
  • Vyberte si vhodn\u00fa p\u00f4du a tr\u00e1vu<\/strong>Vyberte \u013eahk\u00fa p\u00f4du alebo bezp\u00f4dne m\u00e9dium, ktor\u00e9 podporuje odvod\u0148ovanie. Vyberte si odrody tr\u00e1vy vhodn\u00e9 do stre\u0161n\u00fdch podmienok, ako s\u00fa druhy odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di suchu a nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na \u00fadr\u017ebu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Nezabudnite zoh\u013eadni\u0165 miestne predpisy, vyh\u013eada\u0165 odborn\u00fa radu a pravidelne udr\u017eiava\u0165 tr\u00e1vnik, aby ste zaistili jeho dlh\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165 a zdravie.<\/p>\n

    2. Funguj\u00fa stre\u0161n\u00e9 postrekova\u010de?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Stre\u0161n\u00e9 postrekova\u010de m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 v ur\u010dit\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. M\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 ochladi\u0165 povrch strechy a zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 riziko \u0161\u00edrenia po\u017eiaru v oblastiach n\u00e1chyln\u00fdch na lesn\u00e9 po\u017eiare. Stre\u0161n\u00e9 postrekova\u010de funguj\u00fa tak, \u017ee zm\u00e1\u010daj\u00fa strechu a okolit\u00e9 oblasti a vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa bari\u00e9ru proti vlhkosti.<\/p>\n

    Ich \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 v\u0161ak z\u00e1vis\u00ed od faktorov, ako je dostupnos\u0165 vody, n\u00e1vrh syst\u00e9mu a \u00fadr\u017eba. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 poradi\u0165 sa s po\u017eiarnymi expertmi a miestnymi \u00faradmi, aby ste zistili, \u010di s\u00fa stre\u0161n\u00e9 postrekova\u010de vhodn\u00e9 a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pre va\u0161u konkr\u00e9tnu lokalitu a okolnosti.<\/p>\n

    Pravideln\u00e9 testovanie a \u00fadr\u017eba s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre zabezpe\u010denie ich funk\u010dnosti v pr\u00edpade potreby.<\/p>\n

    3. Ak\u00e1 je nevyhnutnos\u0165 zavla\u017eovania?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Zavla\u017eovanie je nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre zdravie rastl\u00edn, po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo a \u00fadr\u017ebu krajiny. Zabezpe\u010duje spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 z\u00e1sobovanie vodou po\u010das obdob\u00ed sucha, \u010d\u00edm podporuje optim\u00e1lny rast.<\/p>\n

    Umo\u017e\u0148uje pestovanie plod\u00edn v regi\u00f3noch s obmedzen\u00fdmi zr\u00e1\u017ekami, \u010d\u00edm zvy\u0161uje produkciu potrav\u00edn. Zavla\u017eovanie navy\u0161e udr\u017eiava tr\u00e1vniky a z\u00e1hrady hydratovan\u00e9, \u010d\u00edm zabra\u0148uje v\u00e4dnutiu a udr\u017eiava atrakt\u00edvne vonkaj\u0161ie priestory.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Environment\u00e1lne kampane a dokonca aj \u00favahy o ochrane \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia povzbudzuj\u00fa vyu\u017e\u00edvanie zelen\u00fdch striech. Na rozdiel od tvrd\u00fdch stavebn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, ako s\u00fa \u0161kridly, s\u00fa zelen\u00e9 strechy 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