{"id":3670,"date":"2022-02-04T08:21:24","date_gmt":"2022-02-04T07:21:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=3670"},"modified":"2023-08-11T17:17:44","modified_gmt":"2023-08-11T15:17:44","slug":"co-je-inteligentna-polnohospodarska-technologia-a-co-moze-urobit-pre-zivotne-prostredie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/what-is-smart-farming-technology-and-what-it-can-do-for-the-environment\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co je to inteligentn\u00e1 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rska technol\u00f3gia a \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee urobi\u0165 pre \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Technologick\u00fd pokrok bol v\u017edy hlavn\u00fdm motorom rastu po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej produkcie a rozvoja. Historicky sa technol\u00f3gie vyberali a zav\u00e1dzali s cie\u013eom zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 pr\u00edjmy po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych podnikov. Dlhodob\u00e9 vplyvy po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva, v\u00fdskumu a v\u00fdvoja, vzdel\u00e1vania a odbornej pr\u00edpravy a politick\u00e9ho usmernenia ovplyvnili v\u00fdber technol\u00f3gi\u00ed a po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske met\u00f3dy.<\/p>\n

Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo je \u010doraz viac ovplyv\u0148ovan\u00e9 normami v oblasti \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia, bezpe\u010dnosti a kvality potrav\u00edn a dobr\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00fdch podmienok zvierat. Medzi nov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my patr\u00ed rast\u00faca spotreba potrav\u00edn, medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 konkurencieschopnos\u0165 a produkcia vysokokvalitn\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych produktov.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 mus\u00ed dosiahnu\u0165 ciele udr\u017eate\u013enosti, ako je zlep\u0161en\u00e1 ekol\u00f3gia, \u010fal\u0161ia ekonomick\u00e1 liberaliz\u00e1cia a dodr\u017eiavanie medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch environment\u00e1lnych doh\u00f4d.<\/p>\n

\u010co je to inteligentn\u00e1 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rska technol\u00f3gia a \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee urobi\u0165 pre \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie?<\/h2>\n

Cie\u013eom technol\u00f3gi\u00ed v inteligentnom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve je zdvojn\u00e1sobi\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsku produkciu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 vstupn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na polovicu. V d\u00f4sledku toho sa vz\u0165ahuje na po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsky pr\u00edstup, ktor\u00fd vo ve\u013ekej miere vyu\u017e\u00edva zber a anal\u00fdzu \u00fadajov. Cie\u013eom tejto strat\u00e9gie je zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdrobn\u00fa produkciu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 by\u0165 \u0161etrn\u00fd k \u017eivotn\u00e9mu prostrediu.<\/p>\n

Napr\u00edklad GPS po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo je z\u00e1kladom inteligentn\u00e9ho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva. S in\u0161tal\u00e1ciou auton\u00f3mnych zbera\u010dov a in\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych strojov, ako s\u00fa traktory, sa d\u00f4raz pres\u00fava na komplexn\u00fd pr\u00edstup, ktor\u00fd kladie d\u00f4raz nielen na priestorov\u00fa presnos\u0165, ale aj na najmodernej\u0161ie technol\u00f3gie o\u0161etrenia plod\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Ko\u013eko hnojivo<\/a> Aplik\u00e1cia a kedy ju aplikova\u0165, presn\u00e1 plocha, ktor\u00fa treba o\u0161etri\u0165, a zdroje potrebn\u00e9 na ochranu rastl\u00edn s\u00fa len niektor\u00e9 z typick\u00fdch v\u00fdziev, ktor\u00e9 rie\u0161ia technol\u00f3gie inteligentn\u00e9ho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva.<\/p>\n

Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo \u010del\u00ed nieko\u013ek\u00fdm informa\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdzvam. Na efekt\u00edvne monitorovanie rastu mal\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov mus\u00ed ak\u00fdko\u013evek monitorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m integrova\u0165 \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu geografick\u00fdch a \u010dasov\u00fdch ukazovate\u013eov. Na dosiahnutie optim\u00e1lnych v\u00fdsledkov je potrebn\u00e9 zhroma\u017edi\u0165 obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo \u00fadajov.<\/p>\n

Ako inteligentn\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske technol\u00f3gie pom\u00e1haj\u00fa zlep\u0161ova\u0165 ekol\u00f3giu<\/h2>\n

Ekologick\u00e1 inteligentn\u00e1 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rska technol\u00f3gia pom\u00e1ha zni\u017eova\u0165 zne\u010distenie v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve. Pou\u017e\u00edvanie men\u0161ieho mno\u017estva hnoj\u00edv a herbic\u00eddov zni\u017euje vyplavovanie a emisie sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov. Senzorov\u00e9 siete m\u00f4\u017eu umo\u017eni\u0165 takmer neust\u00e1le monitorovanie po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva s dne\u0161n\u00fdmi informa\u010dn\u00fdmi a komunika\u010dn\u00fdmi technol\u00f3giami. Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske vstupy vr\u00e1tane vody, hnoj\u00edv a liekov mo\u017eno prepoji\u0165 s rastlinn\u00fdmi, \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nymi a p\u00f4dnymi podmienkami.<\/p>\n

Dobr\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske met\u00f3dy m\u00f4\u017eu zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 zisky. Zdroje sa \u0161etria a rizik\u00e1 sa predch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa zlep\u0161en\u00edm spo\u013eahlivosti priestorovo explicitn\u00fdch \u00fadajov.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edstup k optim\u00e1lnym predpovediam po\u010dasia pre dan\u00fa lokalitu, progn\u00f3zam v\u00fdnosov, choroba<\/a>, ... a mapy pravdepodobnosti katastrof zv\u00fd\u0161ia v\u00fdnosy plod\u00edn. Meteorologick\u00e9 a klimatick\u00e9 \u00fadaje sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na predpovedanie chor\u00f4b a katastrof.<\/p>\n

Po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri, spracovatelia a maloobchodn\u00edci v rozvojov\u00fdch aj rozvinut\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017eu profitova\u0165 z \u00fadajov o jednotliv\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch. Pou\u017e\u00edvanie automatizovan\u00fdch senzorov na zhroma\u017e\u010fovanie v\u0161etk\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych \u00fadajov \u0161etr\u00ed \u010das pri administrat\u00edvnych \u00faloh\u00e1ch a alok\u00e1cii zdrojov.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4\u017ee to tie\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 akcept\u00e1ciu zo strany z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov. Te\u00f3ria m\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 kvalitu produktu (napr\u00edklad zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm po\u010dtu antioxidantov a in\u00fdch sekund\u00e1rnych metabolitov v produkte).<\/p>\n

Inteligentn\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske technol\u00f3gie m\u00f4\u017eu umo\u017eni\u0165 koordinovan\u00e9 \u00fasilie o zbavenie sa polarizuj\u00facich a segmentuj\u00facich technol\u00f3gi\u00ed a postupov. vo vysoko v\u00fdnosn\u00fdch sadoch; alebo mlieko produkovan\u00e9 vhodne k\u0155men\u00fdmi hospod\u00e1rskymi zvieratami).<\/p>\n

Zdrav\u0161ie mo\u017enosti m\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e pril\u00e1ka\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161iu trhov\u00fa cenu, \u010do je rozhoduj\u00face pre efekt\u00edvnos\u0165 vyu\u017e\u00edvania p\u00f4dy. Transparentnos\u0165 vo v\u00fdrobe a spracovan\u00ed sa zlep\u0161\u00ed, preto\u017ee IKT umo\u017enia sledovanie fariem a podmienok. S\u00fa teda mo\u017en\u00e9 nov\u00e9 formy zapojenia farm\u00e1rov a kupuj\u00facich.<\/p>\n

5 najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fdch a ekologick\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych postupov<\/h2>\n

V posledn\u00fdch rokoch sa zv\u00fd\u0161ilo povedomie verejnosti o \u0161kod\u00e1ch na \u017eivotnom prostred\u00ed sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvom vo ve\u013ekom meradle. Prispieva k tomu mno\u017estvo de\u0161trukt\u00edvnych po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych techn\u00edk. V d\u00f4sledku toho by sa mali zav\u00e1dza\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske inov\u00e1cie, ako napr\u00edklad ekologicky \u0161etrn\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske techniky.<\/p>\n

\"udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9
\nNi\u017e\u0161ie je uveden\u00fdch p\u00e4\u0165 ekologicky \u0161etrn\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych n\u00e1padov, ktor\u00e9 v\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017eu dosiahnu\u0165 dlhodob\u00fd \u00faspech.<\/p>\n

1. Aquaponika a hydroponika v inteligentnej po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej technol\u00f3gii<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aquaponika a hydroponika je met\u00f3da pestovania, ktor\u00e1 sa \u00faplne spolieha na prirodzen\u00fa ochranu proti \u0161kodcom a biologick\u00e9 hnojiv\u00e1 na pestovanie plod\u00edn bez pou\u017eitia chemik\u00e1li\u00ed alebo pestic\u00eddov. T\u00e1to strat\u00e9gia optimalizuje energetick\u00e9 a \u017eivn\u00e9 cykly v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskom ekosyst\u00e9me.<\/p>\n

Hnojenie zvy\u0161uje obsah organick\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka v p\u00f4de, \u010do vedie k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu n\u00e1rastu emisi\u00ed CO2 do atmosf\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n

Po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri bud\u00fa ma\u0165 z n\u00e1padov akvap\u00f3nie a hydroponie \u00fa\u017eitok v podobe zn\u00ed\u017eenia emisi\u00ed oxidu dusn\u00e9ho a met\u00e1nu z p\u00f4dy. Preto t\u00e1to strat\u00e9gia \u010dasom prospieva vode, bl\u00edzkym druhom, p\u00f4de, \u017eivotn\u00e9mu prostrediu a po\u013enohospod\u00e1rom.<\/p>\n

2. Permakult\u00fara<\/strong><\/p>\n

Technologick\u00fd pokrok bol v\u017edy hlavn\u00fdm motorom rastu po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej produkcie a rozvoja. Historicky sa technol\u00f3gie vyberali a zav\u00e1dzali s cie\u013eom zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 pr\u00edjmy po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych podnikov. Dlhodob\u00e9 vplyvy po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva, v\u00fdskumu a v\u00fdvoja, vzdel\u00e1vania a odbornej pr\u00edpravy a politick\u00e9ho usmernenia ovplyvnili v\u00fdber technol\u00f3gi\u00ed a po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske met\u00f3dy.<\/p>\n

Permakult\u00fara je budovanie sebesta\u010dn\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych ekosyst\u00e9mov. T\u00e1to po\u013enohospod\u00e1rska met\u00f3da, zalo\u017een\u00e1 na diverzite plod\u00edn, odolnosti, prirodzenej produkcii a udr\u017eate\u013enosti p\u00f4dy, vytv\u00e1ra synergick\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n

Od za\u010diatku 80. rokov 20. storo\u010dia sa v\u0161ak permakult\u00fara vyvinula do holistick\u00e9ho konceptu, ktor\u00fd \u010faleko presahuje r\u00e1mec po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva. Permakult\u00fara je glob\u00e1lna etick\u00e1 technika budovania prepojen\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov zalo\u017een\u00e1 na my\u0161lienke trvalo udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9ho rozvoja. Pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my s\u00fa \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre \u013eudsk\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165.<\/p>\n

3. Vyu\u017e\u00edvanie obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov energie<\/strong><\/p>\n

Odhaduje sa, \u017ee po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo a v\u00fdroba potrav\u00edn predstavuj\u00fa 351 TP3T celkov\u00fdch emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov. V d\u00f4sledku toho by po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske stroje mali by\u0165 poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00e9 sol\u00e1rnymi, vodn\u00fdmi a vetern\u00fdmi farmami.<\/p>\n

Sol\u00e1rne panely sa t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na nap\u00e1janie \u010derpadiel a vykurovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mov. Po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri m\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e nap\u00e1ja\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske stroje vodnou energiou generovanou z ne\u010falekej rieky. Po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri by mali vykona\u0165 online porovnanie cien energie, aby ur\u010dili najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie alternat\u00edvne zdroje energie z h\u013eadiska n\u00e1kladov.<\/p>\n

4. Striedanie plod\u00edn a polykult\u00fary<\/strong><\/p>\n

Striedanie plod\u00edn<\/a> je technika pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve, ktor\u00e1 zah\u0155\u0148a pestovanie r\u00f4znych plod\u00edn na tom istom poli po\u010das nieko\u013ek\u00fdch sez\u00f3n. T\u00e1to met\u00f3da m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 pravdepodobnos\u0165 chor\u00f4b rastl\u00edn a zeleniny.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1to strat\u00e9gia navy\u0161e zni\u017euje po\u010det herbic\u00eddov a chemick\u00fdch hnoj\u00edv, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 na to, aby sa pova\u017eovali za environment\u00e1lne nez\u00e1vadn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

5. Stromy m\u00f4\u017eu zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdnosy plod\u00edn<\/strong><\/p>\n

V neposlednom rade je tu vyu\u017eitie agrolesn\u00edckej technol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00e1 zah\u0155\u0148a v\u00fdsadbu drevnat\u00fdch trvaliek na rovnakej p\u00f4de vyu\u017e\u00edvanej na po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsku v\u00fdrobu.<\/p>\n

V\u010faka d\u00f4razu, ktor\u00fd tento pr\u00edstup kladie na maximaliz\u00e1ciu dostupnej p\u00f4dy, je mimoriadne produkt\u00edvny a dlhotrvaj\u00faci. Tento pl\u00e1n prinesie zna\u010dn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 zisky a z\u00e1rove\u0148 bude prospe\u0161n\u00fd pre zdravie a \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie.<\/p>\n

Zhrnutie<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u010faka inteligentn\u00fdm po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskym technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m je mo\u017en\u00e9 koordinovanej\u0161ie odklonenie sa od kontroverzn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed a postupov. Dlhodob\u00e9 pre\u017eitie po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva z\u00e1vis\u00ed od technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, diverzity syst\u00e9mov rastlinnej a \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nej v\u00fdroby a siet\u00ed medzi v\u0161etk\u00fdmi poskytovate\u013emi po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych a potravin\u00e1rskych slu\u017eieb.<\/p>\n

S jedinou legislat\u00edvnou strat\u00e9giou je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 dosiahnu\u0165 etick\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie IKT. Cie\u013eom je sk\u00f4r identifikova\u0165 najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie prek\u00e1\u017eky alebo rizik\u00e1 dlhodob\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvania technol\u00f3gi\u00ed v rozvinut\u00fdch aj rozvojov\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 v boji proti zmene kl\u00edmy a jej nepriazniv\u00fdm d\u00f4sledkom. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 udr\u017eate\u013enos\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva m\u00f4\u017ee prispie\u0165 k zv\u00fd\u0161eniu kapacity produkcie potrav\u00edn aj k ochrane \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Technologick\u00fd pokrok bol v\u017edy hlavn\u00fdm motorom rastu po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej produkcie a rozvoja. Historicky sa technol\u00f3gie vyberali a zav\u00e1dzali na zv\u00fd\u0161enie po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej produkcie\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":4829,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1380],"tags":[1663],"class_list":["post-3670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-whats","tag-farming"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow Can Smart Farming Technologies Help to Improve Ecology?\u2618\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Smart farming is a big leap from traditional farming. 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