{"id":3450,"date":"2022-01-21T11:45:03","date_gmt":"2022-01-21T10:45:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=3450"},"modified":"2023-08-11T17:03:52","modified_gmt":"2023-08-11T15:03:52","slug":"pripady-vyuzitia-a-prilezitosti-internetu-veci-v-polnohospodarstve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/iot-in-agriculture-cases-of-use-and-opportunities\/","title":{"rendered":"IoT v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve: pr\u00edklady pou\u017eitia a pr\u00edle\u017eitosti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Umo\u017enenie komunik\u00e1cie medzi strojmi a r\u00f4znym hardv\u00e9rom a vkladanie digit\u00e1lnej inteligencie do zariaden\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje pripojenie obrovsk\u00e9ho mno\u017estva fyzick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed a zdie\u013eanie \u00fadajov prostredn\u00edctvom internetu bez \u013eudsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu.<\/p>\n

Term\u00edn \u2018IoT\u2019 v podstate zah\u0155\u0148a v\u0161etko, \u010do je pripojen\u00e9 k internetu, av\u0161ak \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie sa ch\u00e1pe ako objekty, ktor\u00e9 spolu \u2018komunikuj\u00fa\u2019. M\u00f4\u017ee to zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 v\u0161etko od jednoduch\u00fdch senzorov a\u017e po smartf\u00f3ny, nosite\u013en\u00e9 zariadenia a po\u010d\u00edta\u010de \u2013 ale pre zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u0161etky navz\u00e1jom prepojen\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f s\u00fa pripojen\u00e9 zariadenia kombinovan\u00e9 s inteligentn\u00fdm softv\u00e9rom, ako je to v mnoh\u00fdch automatizovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch, je mo\u017en\u00e9 robi\u0165 ove\u013ea viac ne\u017e len zhroma\u017e\u010fova\u0165 inform\u00e1cie, ale aj analyzova\u0165 topografiu<\/a>, p\u00f4du a v\u00fdnos plod\u00edn a iniciova\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 kroky vr\u00e1tane u\u010denia sa z procesu.<\/p>\n

Internet vec\u00ed sa m\u00f4\u017ee rovnako vz\u0165ahova\u0165 aj na zariadenia v uzavret\u00fdch s\u00fakromn\u00fdch sie\u0165ach, ale koncept internetu vec\u00ed tieto siete sp\u00e1ja a vytv\u00e1ra ove\u013ea prepojenej\u0161\u00ed svet.<\/p>\n

Existuje mnoho zariaden\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou IoT a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa monitorovanie cel\u00fdch procesov po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej v\u00fdroby. IoT zariadenia, podporovan\u00e9 softv\u00e9rov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami, dok\u00e1\u017eu monitorova\u0165 procesy od produkcie saden\u00edc cez mana\u017ement plod\u00edn (zavla\u017eovanie, ochrana rastl\u00edn a v\u00fd\u017eiva rastl\u00edn) a\u017e po pozberov\u00e9 obdobie.<\/p>\n

Tieto zariadenia a softv\u00e9rov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e9 prepojenie a integr\u00e1ciu prvov\u00fdroby do \u010fal\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskom hodnotovom re\u0165azci \u2013 ako je spracovanie, ve\u013ekoobchod, maloobchod a dokonca aj kone\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1kazn\u00edk.<\/p>\n

V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina IoT implementovan\u00fdch v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej v\u00fdrobe m\u00e1 podobu senzorov, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa relevantn\u00e9 \u00fadaje o skuto\u010dnej situ\u00e1cii na poliach a v sklen\u00edkoch, \u010do n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje robi\u0165... monitorovanie \u00farody<\/a> kedyko\u013evek alebo v kontexte \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nej v\u00fdroby, stav jednotliv\u00e9ho zviera\u0165a.<\/p>\n

Tieto senzory zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa alebo generuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne typy \u00fadajov a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa parametre prostredia (vlhkos\u0165 a teplota p\u00f4dy a vzduchu, elektrick\u00e1 vodivos\u0165, zr\u00e1\u017eky, r\u00fdchlos\u0165 a smer vetra, vlhkos\u0165 listov, o\u017eiarenie a mnoho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch implement\u00e1ci\u00ed \u0161pecifick\u00fdch pre potreby pestovate\u013eov).<\/p>\n

Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitosti internetu vec\u00ed v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve?<\/h2>\n

\u010coraz negat\u00edvnej\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinky zmeny kl\u00edmy, ktor\u00fdch sme svedkami v poslednom obdob\u00ed, nar\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsku v\u00fdrobu a vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa potrebu prij\u00edma\u0165 informovan\u00e9 a primeran\u00e9 rozhodnutia vo ve\u013emi kr\u00e1tkom \u010dase.<\/p>\n

Okrem toho, ale z \u00faplne in\u00e9ho poh\u013eadu, je dodr\u017eiavanie pr\u00edsneho pr\u00e1vneho r\u00e1mca a spr\u00e1vneho procesu vedenia z\u00e1znamov, kde producenti str\u00e1caj\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea svojho drahocenn\u00e9ho \u010dasu. V uvedenom kontexte m\u00f4\u017ee implement\u00e1cia internetu vec\u00ed v celej farme a po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej prev\u00e1dzke pom\u00f4c\u0165 vyrie\u0161i\u0165 jeden z hlavn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov modern\u00e9ho farm\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n

Internet vec\u00ed v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rom z\u00edska\u0165 preh\u013ead o podmienkach v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej produkcii v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase. M\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e pom\u00f4c\u0165 s nap\u00e1jan\u00edm softv\u00e9ru na podporu rozhodovania, aby sa v procesoch rozhodovania generovali vhodn\u00e9 rady.<\/p>\n

Okrem toho, v\u0161etky zaznamenan\u00e9 \u00fadaje sa m\u00f4\u017eu nesk\u00f4r pou\u017ei\u0165 ako d\u00f4kaz pre ka\u017ed\u00fa vykonan\u00fa oper\u00e1ciu a v\u0161etky pou\u017eit\u00e9 vstupy, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje farm\u00e1rom nestr\u00e1ca\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00ed \u010das spracovan\u00edm \u010d\u00edsel, \u010do v\u00fdrazne u\u013eah\u010duje proces vedenia z\u00e1znamov.<\/p>\n

Konkr\u00e9tne, implement\u00e1cia internetu vec\u00ed v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve m\u00f4\u017ee skr\u00e1ti\u0165 \u010das potrebn\u00fd na kontrolu be\u017en\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed na farme, monitorovanie \u0161pecifick\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed a stavov a umo\u017eni\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rom s\u00fastredi\u0165 sa na d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, ako je strategick\u00e9 riadenie a umiest\u0148ovanie produktov na trhu.<\/p>\n

Kone\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkom internetu vec\u00ed je potenci\u00e1lny n\u00e1rast produktivity, zn\u00ed\u017eenie n\u00e1kladov na vstupn\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie, sledovate\u013enos\u0165 a menej pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n

Ako funguje IoT v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve?<\/h2>\n

Implement\u00e1cia internetu vec\u00ed na farm\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 farm\u00e1rom zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1klady pou\u017eit\u00edm kvantitat\u00edvne presnej\u0161\u00edch vstupov, a to len na z\u00e1klade interpret\u00e1cie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed generovan\u00fdch na poliach.<\/p>\n

\"Ako<\/p>\n

V\u010faka \u00fadajom z internetu vec\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 r\u00f4zne modely na detekciu v\u00fdskytu chor\u00f4b a \u0161kodcov, \u010d\u00edm priamo ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa po\u010det aplikovan\u00fdch pestic\u00eddov a po\u010det vykonan\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed, \u010do v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku povedie k \u00faspore \u010dasu, zn\u00ed\u017eeniu n\u00e1kladov a men\u0161iemu vplyvu na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie.<\/p>\n

Okrem toho, v\u00fdpo\u010dtom evapotranspir\u00e1cie pomocou vygenerovan\u00fdch \u00fadajov z internetu vec\u00ed bud\u00fa ma\u0165 farm\u00e1ri mo\u017enos\u0165 v\u010das napl\u00e1nova\u0165 si zavla\u017eovacie re\u017eimy, \u010do im umo\u017en\u00ed minimalizova\u0165 spotrebu vody.<\/p>\n

\u0160etrenie z\u00e1vlahovej vody je mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 v miestach s nedostatkom vody. Okrem toho je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u00fadaje potrebn\u00e9 na vykonanie takejto oper\u00e1cie spravova\u0165 implement\u00e1ciou nieko\u013ek\u00fdch vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdch IoT senzorov.<\/p>\n

Okrem produkcie plod\u00edn je technol\u00f3gia internetu vec\u00ed v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve ve\u013emi u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 aj v chove hospod\u00e1rskych zvierat, kde n\u00e1klady na chov hospod\u00e1rskych zvierat neust\u00e1le rast\u00fa. V poslednej dobe sa v chove hospod\u00e1rskych zvierat kladie ve\u013ek\u00fd d\u00f4raz na to, ako farm\u00e1ri zaobch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa so zvieratami, a r\u00f4zne obavy ich tla\u010dia k tomu, aby zvierat\u00e1 ohrozovali hum\u00e1nnej\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom.<\/p>\n

Implement\u00e1cia internetu vec\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje farm\u00e1rom pripevni\u0165 k zvierat\u00e1m r\u00f4zne senzory bez toho, aby im sp\u00f4sobovali ak\u00e9ko\u013evek nepohodlie, a t\u00fdm im umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa neust\u00e1le monitorova\u0165 ich zdravie a aktivitu.<\/p>\n

Prostredn\u00edctvom internetu vec\u00ed sa meria ve\u013ea typov \u00fadajov, ako napr\u00edklad srdcov\u00e1 frekvencia zvierat, krvn\u00fd tlak, \u010das pre\u017e\u00favania, telesn\u00e1 teplota at\u010f. Okrem toho existuj\u00fa na trhu senzory, ktor\u00e9 pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa \u00fadaje GPS. Monitorovanie polohy je ve\u013emi u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 pre farm\u00e1rov, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa otvoren\u00e9 pasienky.<\/p>\n

Vyu\u017e\u00edvanie v\u0161etk\u00fdch vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdch typov \u00fadajov d\u00e1va po\u013enohospod\u00e1rom dostatok \u010dasu na proakt\u00edvny pr\u00edstup k svojim oper\u00e1ci\u00e1m, \u010do vedie k zv\u00fd\u0161eniu produktivity, zn\u00ed\u017eeniu negat\u00edvneho vplyvu na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie a zmierneniu negat\u00edvnych \u00fa\u010dinkov zmeny kl\u00edmy.<\/p>\n

Ako vyu\u017ei\u0165 IoT v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve?<\/h2>\n

V\u00fdhody internetu vec\u00ed v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 mnoh\u00e9, najm\u00e4 kv\u00f4li jeho \u0161irok\u00e9mu vyu\u017eitiu. Aby sme z\u00edskali ucelenej\u0161\u00ed obraz o v\u00fdzname internetu vec\u00ed v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve, spomenieme nieko\u013eko typov aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed internetu vec\u00ed v r\u00f4znych typoch a f\u00e1zach po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej v\u00fdroby:<\/p>\n

1. Meteorologick\u00e9 stanice<\/strong><\/p>\n

Senzory kombinovan\u00e9 v meteorologick\u00fdch staniciach zhroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00fa \u00fadaje a poskytuj\u00fa merania, ktor\u00e9 mapuj\u00fa klimatick\u00e9 podmienky, informuj\u00fa o rozhodovan\u00ed o plodin\u00e1ch a potenci\u00e1lne pom\u00e1haj\u00fa zlep\u0161i\u0165 kapacitu plod\u00edn, \u010d\u00edm sa dosahuj\u00fa maxim\u00e1lne mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdnosy.<\/p>\n

Meran\u00edm t\u00fdchto environment\u00e1lnych faktorov a generovan\u00edm \u00fadajov z nich m\u00f4\u017eu internet vec\u00ed vytvori\u0165 presn\u00fa hist\u00f3riu, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 farm\u00e1rom s ich rozhodovac\u00edmi procesmi alebo s vytv\u00e1ran\u00edm pravdepodobnostn\u00fdch pl\u00e1nov, \u010d\u00edm sa zni\u017euje riziko neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov a oper\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

2. Automatiz\u00e1cia sklen\u00edkov<\/strong><\/p>\n

Meteorologick\u00e9 stanice sa nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa len na zhroma\u017e\u010fovanie potrebn\u00fdch \u00fadajov o \u017eivotnom prostred\u00ed, ale mo\u017eno ich pou\u017ei\u0165 aj na automatick\u00e9 prisp\u00f4sobenie podmienok v kontrolovan\u00fdch mikroklimatick\u00fdch podmienkach, ako s\u00fa sklen\u00edky, tak, aby zodpovedali \u0161pecifick\u00fdm pestovate\u013esk\u00fdm parametrom.<\/p>\n

\u010ci u\u017e ide o hydroponick\u00e9 alebo substr\u00e1tov\u00e9 pestovanie rastl\u00edn, v\u00fdhody automatizovan\u00fdch sklen\u00edkov m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zna\u010dn\u00e9. Okam\u017eit\u00e9 \u00fadaje z\u00edskan\u00e9 senzormi je mo\u017en\u00e9 kombinova\u0165 a z\u00edska\u0165 tak \u0161irok\u00fd obraz o podmienkach v sklen\u00edku.<\/p>\n

Ak s\u00fa zn\u00e1me a nastaven\u00e9 optim\u00e1lne parametre pre optim\u00e1lne podmienky rastu, \u013eahko sa dosiahne automatick\u00e9 prisp\u00f4sobenie prostredia.<\/p>\n

3. Zariadenia na mana\u017ement plod\u00edn<\/strong><\/p>\n

Existuje \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la senzorov, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 umiestni\u0165 na poli na zhroma\u017e\u010fovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed potrebn\u00fdch na rozhodovanie, ako je teplota, zr\u00e1\u017eky, zdravotn\u00fd stav plod\u00edn, nutri\u010dn\u00fd stav plod\u00edn a mnoho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch. Tieto zariadenia s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi prvkami presn\u00e9ho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva.<\/p>\n

Z meran\u00ed senzorov je mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edska\u0165 mnoho cenn\u00fdch \u00fadajov. Ke\u010f sa tieto \u00fadaje ulo\u017eia, vytvoria \u010dasov\u00fa hist\u00f3riu, ktor\u00e1 sl\u00fa\u017ei na spracovanie \u00fadajov v softv\u00e9ri na rozhodovanie, ktor\u00fd pom\u00e1ha farm\u00e1rom v ich rozhodovac\u00edch procesoch.<\/p>\n

4. Zariadenia na riadenie hospod\u00e1rskych zvierat<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sn\u00edma\u010de sa daj\u00fa aplikova\u0165 alebo dokonca pripevni\u0165 na zvierat\u00e1, aby poskytovali inform\u00e1cie o teplote, zdrav\u00ed a v\u00fd\u017eive ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jednotliv\u00e9ho zviera\u0165a, ako aj celkov\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o st\u00e1de.<\/p>\n

S t\u00fdmto typom senzora farm\u00e1r presne vie, kde sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa konkr\u00e9tne zvierat\u00e1 s jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi identifik\u00e1tormi. Senzory m\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e poskytova\u0165 inform\u00e1cie, ako napr\u00edklad kedy konkr\u00e9tne zviera naposledy jedlo, spalo, chodilo at\u010f.<\/p>\n

5. Syst\u00e9my riadenia produktivity po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych podnikov<\/strong><\/p>\n

Existuje mnoho potenci\u00e1lnych syst\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 monitoruj\u00fa a riadia v\u0161etky senzory nain\u0161talovan\u00e9 v ter\u00e9ne a kombinuj\u00fa ich tak, aby poskytovali v\u00fdkonn\u00fd analytick\u00fd panel pre logistick\u00e9, \u00fa\u010dtovn\u00e9 a reportovacie funkcie.<\/p>\n

V\u010faka znalosti presn\u00fdch vstupov a v\u00fdstupov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v r\u00e1mci farmy si po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri m\u00f4\u017eu z\u00edska\u0165 preh\u013ead o potenci\u00e1lnych rizik\u00e1ch, ktor\u00fdm m\u00f4\u017eu \u010deli\u0165, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 maj\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii inform\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 im pom\u00f4\u017eu s formulovan\u00edm optim\u00e1lnych rie\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Umo\u017enenie komunik\u00e1cie medzi strojmi a r\u00f4znym hardv\u00e9rom a vkladanie digit\u00e1lnej inteligencie do zariaden\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje pripojenie obrovsk\u00e9ho mno\u017estva fyzick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed a\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":3452,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1380],"tags":[1646],"class_list":["post-3450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-whats","tag-digital-agriculture"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow to use IoT in agriculture \ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83c\udf3e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The implementation of IoT in agriculture can shorten the time in checking the farm routine activities, and monitoring specific operations.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/pripady-vyuzitia-a-prilezitosti-internetu-veci-v-polnohospodarstve\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to use IoT in agriculture \ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83c\udf3e\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The implementation of IoT in agriculture can shorten the time in checking the farm routine activities, and monitoring specific operations.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/pripady-vyuzitia-a-prilezitosti-internetu-veci-v-polnohospodarstve\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"GeoPard - 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