{"id":223,"date":"2020-02-29T15:55:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-29T14:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=223"},"modified":"2024-11-30T22:33:24","modified_gmt":"2024-11-30T21:33:24","slug":"topografia-a-analyza-reliefu-pre-polnohospodarske-polia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/sk\/blog\/topography-and-relief-analytics-for-agricultural-fields\/","title":{"rendered":"Topografick\u00e1 a reli\u00e9fna anal\u00fdza po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych pozemkov"},"content":{"rendered":"

Topografia je jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch faktorov ovplyv\u0148uj\u00facich v\u00fdnos a obsah \u017eiv\u00edn v p\u00f4de. Sklon p\u00f4dy m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 preto hlavn\u00fdm faktorom obmedzuj\u00facim v\u00fdnos, najm\u00e4 v pr\u00edpade neodvodnen\u00fdch alebo erodovan\u00fdch vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch miest. Akumul\u00e1cia prietoku m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne ovplyvni\u0165 v\u00fdnos v z\u00e1vislosti od such\u00fdch alebo vlhk\u00fdch rokov.<\/p>\r\n

V niektor\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch m\u00f4\u017eu topografick\u00e9 znaky krajiny vysvetli\u0165 dokonca dvojcifern\u00e9 percento variability v\u00fdnosov.<\/p>\r\n\t\t

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\"charakteristiky<\/figure><\/div>
\"Charakteristiky<\/figure><\/div>
\"r\u00f4zna<\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee sa GeoPard sna\u017e\u00ed sta\u0165 popredn\u00fdm poskytovate\u013eom anal\u00fdzy po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych d\u00e1t, pridali sme do syst\u00e9mu pokro\u010dil\u00fa anal\u00fdzu topografie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

V\u0161etko, \u010do mus\u00edte urobi\u0165, je vytvori\u0165 hranicu po\u013ea (nakresli\u0165, importova\u0165 alebo d\u00e1vkov\u00fdm importom). GeoPard automaticky vytvor\u00ed digit\u00e1lny model v\u00fd\u0161ok (DEM) pre va\u0161e pole a vypo\u010d\u00edta nasleduj\u00face topografick\u00e9 modely a kombinovan\u00e9 mapy:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \r\n
  • nadmorsk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka \u2013 absol\u00fatne \u010d\u00edsla;<\/li>\r\n
  • sklon \u2013 miera strmosti alebo stupe\u0148 sklonu prvku vzh\u013eadom na horizont\u00e1lnu rovinu;<\/li>\r\n
  • orient\u00e1cia \u2013 smer kompasu, ktor\u00fdm je svah oto\u010den\u00fd;<\/li>\r\n
  • tie\u0148ovanie kopca \u2013 efekt tie\u0148ovan\u00e9ho reli\u00e9fu pre vizualiz\u00e1ciu ter\u00e9nu;<\/li>\r\n
  • nadmorsk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka a tiene kopcov;<\/li>\r\n
  • sklon a orient\u00e1cia.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    V\u0161etky tieto modely vypo\u010d\u00edtavame, preto\u017ee samotn\u00fd DEM nesta\u010d\u00ed na presn\u00e9 ur\u010denie topografie po\u013ea, napr\u00edklad v n\u00ed\u017eine sa m\u00f4\u017ee nach\u00e1dza\u0165 vrchol kopca, ktor\u00fd sa bude l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 v charakteristik\u00e1ch p\u00f4dy a produktivite od in\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed po\u013ea s rovnakou v\u00fd\u0161kou v absol\u00fatnych hodnot\u00e1ch \u2013 napr. sva\u017eit\u00e1 oblas\u0165, depresia.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Toto s\u00fa sn\u00edmky obrazovky, ktor\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa korel\u00e1ciu topografie a viacro\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdvojov\u00e9ho modelu plod\u00edn:\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \"korel\u00e1cia<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    \"korel\u00e1cia<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 GeoPard integrovala r\u00f4zne digit\u00e1lne s\u00fabory \u00fadajov o nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ke z cel\u00e9ho sveta, od LIDARu s priestorov\u00fdm rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm 2 m vo Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nii a\u017e po 30 m SRTM, aby poskytla \u010do najlep\u0161iu topografick\u00fa anal\u00fdzu.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Dajte n\u00e1m vedie\u0165, ak\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie anal\u00fdzy po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych \u00fadajov alebo in\u00e9 odvoden\u00e9 \u00fadaje o nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ke by ste chceli vidie\u0165 v GeoPard Agriculture ako \u010fal\u0161\u00ed dielik sklada\u010dky pochopenia v\u00fdnosov!<\/p>\r\n

    \u010co s\u00fa topografick\u00e9 faktory?<\/h2>\r\n

    Topografick\u00e9 faktory v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa na charakteristiky povrchu krajiny a jeho vplyv na po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske postupy. Tieto faktory zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu pri ur\u010dovan\u00ed vhodnosti oblasti na po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, ako aj pri ovplyv\u0148ovan\u00ed r\u00f4znych mana\u017e\u00e9rskych rozhodnut\u00ed. Tu s\u00fa niektor\u00e9 topografick\u00e9 faktory v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve:<\/p>\r\n

    Sklon<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

    Sklon je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm topografick\u00fdm faktorom, ktor\u00fd ovplyv\u0148uje odtok vody, er\u00f3ziu a dostupnos\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych strojov. Strm\u00e9 svahy zvy\u0161uj\u00fa riziko er\u00f3zie p\u00f4dy a odtoku vody, \u010do si vy\u017eaduje opatrenia na kontrolu er\u00f3zie, ako je orba vrstevn\u00edc alebo terasovanie.<\/p>\r\n

    Sklon tie\u017e ovplyv\u0148uje dostupnos\u0165 slne\u010dn\u00e9ho svetla, preto\u017ee strm\u0161ie svahy m\u00f4\u017eu vrha\u0165 tiene a ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 mikrokl\u00edmu v r\u00e1mci po\u013ea.<\/p>\r\n

    V\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fd rozdiel<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

    Nadmorsk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka je vertik\u00e1lna vzdialenos\u0165 bodu alebo miesta nad referen\u010dn\u00fdm bodom, \u010dasto strednou hladinou mora. Ovplyv\u0148uje teplotu, atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd tlak a druhy plod\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu v danej oblasti pestova\u0165.<\/p>\r\n

    Vo vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch nadmorsk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161kach s\u00fa zvy\u010dajne ni\u017e\u0161ie teploty, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee obmedzi\u0165 druhy plod\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 sa tam m\u00f4\u017eu dari\u0165. Nadmorsk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka ovplyv\u0148uje aj d\u013a\u017eku vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia a v\u00fdber vhodn\u00fdch odr\u00f4d plod\u00edn.<\/p>\r\n

    Odvodnenie<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

    Topografick\u00fd reli\u00e9f oblasti ur\u010duje jej prirodzen\u00e9 odvod\u0148ovacie vzorce. Spr\u00e1vne odvodnenie je nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre prevzdu\u0161nenie p\u00f4dy, dostupnos\u0165 \u017eiv\u00edn a zabr\u00e1nenie zamokreniu.<\/p>\r\n

    N\u00edzko polo\u017een\u00e9 oblasti alebo priehlbiny m\u00f4\u017eu zadr\u017eiava\u0165 prebyto\u010dn\u00fa vodu, \u010do vedie k podm\u00e1\u010dan\u00fdm podmienkam, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pre rast plod\u00edn.<\/p>\r\n

    Pochopenie dren\u00e1\u017enych charakterist\u00edk p\u00f4dy pom\u00e1ha po\u013enohospod\u00e1rom zav\u00e1dza\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 dren\u00e1\u017ene syst\u00e9my na optimaliz\u00e1ciu toku vody a predch\u00e1dzanie probl\u00e9mom s\u00favisiacim s vodou.<\/p>\r\n

    Aspekt<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

    Orient\u00e1cia sa vz\u0165ahuje na orient\u00e1ciu svahu vzh\u013eadom na svetov\u00e9 strany (sever, juh, v\u00fdchod, z\u00e1pad). Ovplyv\u0148uje rozlo\u017eenie slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia, vetern\u00e9 vzorce a teplotn\u00e9 gradienty v r\u00e1mci po\u013ea.<\/p>\r\n

    Svahy orientovan\u00e9 na juh dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa viac slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia a tepla, \u010do vytv\u00e1ra teplej\u0161iu mikrokl\u00edmu a potenci\u00e1lne ovplyv\u0148uje v\u00fdber plod\u00edn alebo strat\u00e9gi\u00ed v\u00fdsadby. Orient\u00e1cia m\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e ovplyvni\u0165 riziko mrazu alebo odvod\u0148ovania studen\u00e9ho vzduchu v ur\u010dit\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch.<\/p>\r\n

    H\u013abka a text\u00fara p\u00f4dy<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

    Topografia m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 h\u013abku a \u0161trukt\u00faru p\u00f4dy v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej oblasti. Svahy m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k rozdielom v h\u013abke p\u00f4dy, pri\u010dom na strm\u0161\u00edch svahoch sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa ten\u0161ie p\u00f4dy. \u0160trukt\u00fara p\u00f4dy, ako napr\u00edklad podiel piesku, bahna a \u00edlu, sa m\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 v z\u00e1vislosti od topografick\u00e9ho reli\u00e9fu.<\/p>\r\n

    Pochopenie t\u00fdchto rozdielov pom\u00e1ha po\u013enohospod\u00e1rom robi\u0165 informovan\u00e9 rozhodnutia o postupoch hospod\u00e1renia s p\u00f4dou, ako je zavla\u017eovanie, hnojenie alebo obr\u00e1banie p\u00f4dy.<\/p>\r\n

    Tieto topografick\u00e9 faktory v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve ukazuj\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 zoh\u013eadnenia charakterist\u00edk povrchu p\u00f4dy pri prij\u00edman\u00ed po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n

    Pochopen\u00edm a riaden\u00edm t\u00fdchto faktorov m\u00f4\u017eu po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri optimalizova\u0165 rast plod\u00edn, predch\u00e1dza\u0165 er\u00f3zii p\u00f4dy a zav\u00e1dza\u0165 vhodn\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske postupy na zabezpe\u010denie udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fdch a produkt\u00edvnych po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych syst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\r\n

    \u010co je to topografick\u00fd alebo lok\u00e1lny reli\u00e9f?<\/h2>\r\n

    Topografick\u00fd reli\u00e9f alebo lok\u00e1lny reli\u00e9f v kontexte po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva sa vz\u0165ahuje na zmenu nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ky alebo sklonu pozemku. Je to miera vertik\u00e1lneho rozdielu medzi najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm a najni\u017e\u0161\u00edm bodom v danej oblasti. Zjednodu\u0161ene povedan\u00e9, predstavuje topografick\u00e9 prvky a kont\u00fary krajiny.<\/p>\r\n

    \"\u010co<\/p>\r\n

    V po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve je pochopenie topografick\u00e9ho alebo lok\u00e1lneho reli\u00e9fu k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9, preto\u017ee priamo ovplyv\u0148uje r\u00f4zne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske postupy a rozhodnutia v oblasti hospod\u00e1renia. Tu je nieko\u013eko k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch bodov, ktor\u00e9 treba zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165:<\/p>\r\n

      \r\n
    • Er\u00f3zia p\u00f4dy:<\/strong> Zohr\u00e1va v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu pri ur\u010dovan\u00ed rizika er\u00f3zie p\u00f4dy. Strm\u00e9 svahy s\u00fa n\u00e1chylnej\u0161ie na er\u00f3ziu, preto\u017ee odtok vody m\u00f4\u017ee r\u00fdchlo odnies\u0165 \u00farodn\u00fa ornicu a \u017eiviny. Po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri musia prija\u0165 vhodn\u00e9 opatrenia na kontrolu er\u00f3zie, ako je orba vrstevn\u00edc, terasovanie alebo ochrann\u00e9 p\u00e1sy, aby minimalizovali er\u00f3ziu p\u00f4dy.<\/li>\r\n
    • Vodn\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo:<\/strong> Topografick\u00fd reli\u00e9f po\u013ea ovplyv\u0148uje odtok a distrib\u00faciu vody. Ur\u010duje, ako voda te\u010die po krajine, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 zamokrenie v n\u00edzko polo\u017een\u00fdch oblastiach alebo nadmern\u00fd odtok na strm\u00fdch svahoch. Pochopen\u00edm tohto reli\u00e9fu m\u00f4\u017eu po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri zavies\u0165 vhodn\u00e9 odvod\u0148ovacie syst\u00e9my, ako s\u00fa priekopy, br\u00e1zdy alebo dla\u017edicov\u00e1 dren\u00e1\u017e, aby efekt\u00edvne hospod\u00e1rili s vodou a predch\u00e1dzali probl\u00e9mom s\u00favisiacim s vodou.<\/li>\r\n
    • V\u00fdber plodiny:<\/strong> R\u00f4zne plodiny maj\u00fa r\u00f4znu toleranciu vo\u010di sklonom a nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ke. Reli\u00e9f po\u013ea m\u00f4\u017ee ur\u010dova\u0165, ktor\u00e9 plodiny s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 na pestovanie. Napr\u00edklad na strm\u00fdch svahoch m\u00f4\u017ee riziko er\u00f3zie a odtoku vody obmedzi\u0165 v\u00fdber plod\u00edn na tie, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu \u00fa\u010dinne ukotvi\u0165 p\u00f4du. Na druhej strane, rovinat\u00e9 alebo mierne svahovit\u00e9 oblasti m\u00f4\u017eu vyhovova\u0165 \u0161ir\u0161ej \u0161k\u00e1le plod\u00edn.<\/li>\r\n
    • Strojn\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie:<\/strong> Miestny reli\u00e9f ovplyv\u0148uje aj prev\u00e1dzku strojov a dostupnos\u0165 pol\u00ed. Strm\u00e9 svahy m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pre ur\u010dit\u00e9 stroje n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 alebo nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, \u010do obmedzuje rozsah mechaniz\u00e1cie. V tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017eu po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 alternat\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske techniky, ako je manu\u00e1lna pr\u00e1ca alebo \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 zariadenia ur\u010den\u00e9 pre strm\u00e9 ter\u00e9ny.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

      Rozdiel medzi nadmorskou v\u00fd\u0161kou a reli\u00e9fom<\/h2>\r\n

      Nadmorsk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka a reli\u00e9f s\u00fa dva odli\u0161n\u00e9 pojmy s\u00favisiace s topografiou po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej p\u00f4dy. Tu je rozdiel medzi nimi:<\/p>\r\n

      V\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fd rozdiel<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

      Nadmorsk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka ozna\u010duje v\u00fd\u0161ku alebo vertik\u00e1lnu vzdialenos\u0165 bodu alebo miesta nad referen\u010dn\u00fdm bodom, zvy\u010dajne strednou hladinou mora (MSL). Je to absol\u00fatna miera, ktor\u00e1 poskytuje inform\u00e1cie o vertik\u00e1lnej polohe konkr\u00e9tneho bodu na zemskom povrchu.<\/p>\r\n

      Nadmorsk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka sa zvy\u010dajne meria v jednotk\u00e1ch, ako s\u00fa metre alebo stopy. V po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve s\u00fa \u00fadaje o nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ke d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre pochopenie celkovej v\u00fd\u0161ky krajiny, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 faktory, ako je teplota, atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd tlak a pohyb vody.<\/p>\r\n

      Reli\u00e9f: \u010co je to na topografickej mape?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

      Reli\u00e9f sa na druhej strane vz\u0165ahuje na rozdiel vo v\u00fd\u0161ke medzi r\u00f4znymi bodmi na mape. Predstavuje rozdiel medzi najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm a najni\u017e\u0161\u00edm bodom v danej oblasti.<\/p>\r\n

      Je to relat\u00edvna miera, ktor\u00e1 poskytuje inform\u00e1cie o vertik\u00e1lnych rozdieloch alebo zmen\u00e1ch nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ky v konkr\u00e9tnej krajine po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej oblasti.<\/p>\r\n

      Typicky sa zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje pomocou vrstevn\u00edc, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa body s rovnakou nadmorskou v\u00fd\u0161kou, \u010do n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje vizualizova\u0165 kopce, \u00fadolia a svahy pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 v krajine. \u010c\u00edm bli\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa vrstevnice k sebe, t\u00fdm je reli\u00e9f strm\u0161\u00ed, zatia\u013e \u010do \u0161iroko rozmiestnen\u00e9 vrstevnice nazna\u010duj\u00fa miernej\u0161ie svahy.<\/p>\r\n

      Stru\u010dne povedan\u00e9, nadmorsk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka je absol\u00fatna miera vertik\u00e1lnej vzdialenosti nad referen\u010dn\u00fdm bodom (napr\u00edklad MSL), zatia\u013e \u010do relat\u00edvna miera opisuje zmenu nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ky v r\u00e1mci ur\u010ditej oblasti alebo regi\u00f3nu.<\/p>\r\n

      Nadmorsk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka poskytuje inform\u00e1cie o v\u00fd\u0161ke bodu, zatia\u013e \u010do poskytuje preh\u013ead o topografick\u00fdch prvkoch a svahoch danej po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej krajiny.<\/p>\r\n

      Nadmorsk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka aj reli\u00e9f s\u00fa v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdmi faktormi, preto\u017ee ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa faktory, ako je odtok vody, teplotn\u00e9 gradienty a vhodnos\u0165 pre konkr\u00e9tne plodiny.<\/p>\r\n

      Ak\u00fd je pr\u00edklad topografie?<\/h2>\r\n

      Pr\u00edkladom topografie v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve je pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 terasovit\u00fdch pol\u00ed v kopcovitom alebo hornatom ter\u00e9ne. Terasovanie je technika be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v tak\u00fdchto oblastiach na vytvorenie rovn\u00fdch plo\u0161\u00edn alebo schodov na svahoch, \u010d\u00edm sa strm\u00e1 p\u00f4da efekt\u00edvne premie\u0148a na orn\u00e9 polia.<\/p>\r\n

      \"\u010co<\/p>\r\n

      Terasy pom\u00e1haj\u00fa zmier\u0148ova\u0165 er\u00f3ziu p\u00f4dy zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm odtoku vody a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa efekt\u00edvne hospod\u00e1renie s vodou.<\/p>\r\n

      Terasovit\u00e9 polia vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa prirodzen\u00fd topografick\u00fd reli\u00e9f na regul\u00e1ciu toku vody a maximaliz\u00e1ciu po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej produktivity. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 terasa funguje ako mal\u00e1 ploch\u00e1 plocha, ktor\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee zadr\u017eiava\u0165 vodu a br\u00e1ni jej r\u00fdchlemu stekaniu z kopca a sp\u00f4sobovaniu er\u00f3zie.<\/p>\r\n

      Steny ter\u00e1s sl\u00fa\u017eia ako bari\u00e9ry, ktor\u00e9 dr\u017eia p\u00f4du na mieste a zabra\u0148uj\u00fa jej odplavovaniu. T\u00e1to met\u00f3da pom\u00e1ha udr\u017eiava\u0165 \u00farodn\u00fa ornicu na teras\u00e1ch a zabezpe\u010duje optim\u00e1lne podmienky pre rast plod\u00edn.<\/p>\r\n

      Terasovanie tie\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje lep\u0161ie vyu\u017eitie obmedzen\u00fdch p\u00f4dnych zdrojov v kopcovit\u00fdch alebo horsk\u00fdch oblastiach. Vytvoren\u00edm rovinat\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch na svahoch m\u00f4\u017eu po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri pestova\u0165 plodiny, ktor\u00e9 by inak bolo kv\u00f4li strm\u00fdm sklonom n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 alebo nemo\u017en\u00e9 pestova\u0165.<\/p>\r\n

      Terasov\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo sa praktizuje u\u017e st\u00e1ro\u010dia v r\u00f4znych \u010dastiach sveta, ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad ry\u017eov\u00e9 terasy na Filip\u00ednach, vini\u010dov\u00e9 terasy v \u00fadol\u00ed Douro v Portugalsku alebo \u010dajov\u00e9 terasy v \u010d\u00ednskych kopcoch.<\/p>\r\n

      \r\n

      \u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\r\n
      \r\n

      1. Pre\u010do je topografia d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve? Ako ovplyv\u0148uje produkciu potrav\u00edn?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

      Topografia je v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve nevyhnutn\u00e1, preto\u017ee m\u00e1 priamy vplyv na produkciu potrav\u00edn. Ovplyv\u0148uje odtok vody, er\u00f3ziu p\u00f4dy a vhodnos\u0165 plod\u00edn na pestovanie. Pom\u00e1ha pl\u00e1nova\u0165 zavla\u017eovacie syst\u00e9my, spravova\u0165 svahy a optimalizova\u0165 vyu\u017e\u00edvanie p\u00f4dy. Pochopenie topografie je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre efekt\u00edvne a udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske postupy.<\/p>\r\n

      2. Ako ur\u010di\u0165 sklon svahu?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

      Smer svahu je mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165 pomocou kompasu alebo aplik\u00e1cie s kompasom v smartf\u00f3ne. Postavte sa na svah a dr\u017ete kompas vodorovne pred sebou, pri\u010dom sa uistite, \u017ee strelka ukazuje na sever.<\/p>\r\n

      Pre ur\u010denie orient\u00e1cie od\u010d\u00edtajte stupe\u0148 v smere, kam ukazuje ihla. Napr\u00edklad, ak ihla ukazuje na 180 stup\u0148ov, orient\u00e1cia je na juh.<\/p>\r\n

      T\u00e1to met\u00f3da umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u010di\u0165 kardin\u00e1lny smer svahu, \u010do pom\u00e1ha pochopi\u0165 slne\u010dn\u00e9 \u017eiarenie a zmeny mikrokl\u00edmy.<\/p>\r\n

      3. Ako reli\u00e9f ovplyv\u0148uje po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

      Toto, alebo rozdiely v nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ke a sklone v krajine, maj\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vplyv na po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo. Strm\u0161ie svahy m\u00f4\u017eu ovplyvni\u0165 odtok vody a zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 riziko er\u00f3zie, \u010do si vy\u017eaduje vhodn\u00e9 opatrenia na ochranu p\u00f4dy.<\/p>\r\n

      Svahy m\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 mikrokl\u00edmu s r\u00f4znymi teplotn\u00fdmi a vlhkostn\u00fdmi podmienkami v r\u00f4znych aspektoch. Okrem toho m\u00f4\u017eu ovplyvni\u0165 h\u013abku a \u00farodnos\u0165 p\u00f4dy, \u010do ovplyv\u0148uje v\u00fdber plod\u00edn a produktivitu.<\/p>\r\n

      Preto je spr\u00e1vne pochopenie a riadenie reli\u00e9fu k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre optimaliz\u00e1ciu zavla\u017eovania, minimaliz\u00e1ciu er\u00f3zie a v\u00fdber vhodn\u00fdch po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych postupov pre r\u00f4zne oblasti krajiny.<\/p>\r\n

      4. Pre\u010do s\u00fa svahy \u00fadolia preferovan\u00fdmi miestami pre po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo v horsk\u00fdch oblastiach?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

      \u00dadolia s\u00fa v horsk\u00fdch oblastiach z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov preferovan\u00fdmi miestami pre po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo. Po prv\u00e9, \u00fadolia pon\u00fakaj\u00fa relat\u00edvne rovinatej\u0161\u00ed ter\u00e9n, \u010do u\u013eah\u010duje po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske \u010dinnosti, ako je pestovanie p\u00f4dy, zavla\u017eovanie a mechaniz\u00e1cia.<\/p>\r\n

      Po druh\u00e9, \u00fadolia maj\u00fa zvy\u010dajne lep\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edstup k vodn\u00fdm zdrojom, ako s\u00fa rieky alebo potoky, ktor\u00e9 sa daj\u00fa vyu\u017ei\u0165 na zavla\u017eovanie. Okrem toho, svahy \u00fadolia poskytuj\u00fa dobr\u00e9 slne\u010dn\u00e9 \u017eiarenie a ochranu pred siln\u00fdm vetrom, \u010d\u00edm vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa priazniv\u00e9 mikrokl\u00edmy pre rast plod\u00edn.<\/p>\r\n

      Prirodzen\u00e9 odvod\u0148ovacie vzorce \u00fadol\u00ed napokon pom\u00e1haj\u00fa predch\u00e1dza\u0165 zamokreniu a zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa spr\u00e1vne hospod\u00e1renie s vodou. Celkovo s\u00fa tieto faktory ide\u00e1lne pre po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo v horsk\u00fdch oblastiach.<\/p>\r\n

      5. Ak\u00fd je vz\u0165ah medzi reli\u00e9fom a topografiou?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

      Reli\u00e9f a topografia spolu v kontexte geografie \u00fazko s\u00favisia. Topografia sa vz\u0165ahuje na fyzick\u00e9 vlastnosti a vari\u00e1cie zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu vr\u00e1tane nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ky, sklonov a tvarov reli\u00e9fu.<\/p>\r\n

      Na druhej strane sa konkr\u00e9tne vz\u0165ahuje na rozdiel vo v\u00fd\u0161ke medzi najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm a najni\u017e\u0161\u00edm bodom v danej oblasti.<\/p>\r\n

      In\u00fdmi slovami, ide o mieru vertik\u00e1lnych rozdielov v topografii. Spolo\u010dne poskytuj\u00fa komplexn\u00e9 pochopenie povrchov\u00fdch charakterist\u00edk a ter\u00e9nu konkr\u00e9tneho regi\u00f3nu.<\/p>\r\n

      6. Ako mera\u0165 nadmorsk\u00fa v\u00fd\u0161ku ter\u00e9nu?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

      Meranie nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ky ter\u00e9nu je mo\u017en\u00e9 vykona\u0165 r\u00f4znymi met\u00f3dami. Jedn\u00fdm z be\u017en\u00fdch pr\u00edstupov je pou\u017eitie zariadenia glob\u00e1lneho pozi\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (GPS), ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 presn\u00e9 \u00fadaje o nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ke.<\/p>\r\n

      \u010eal\u0161ou met\u00f3dou je pou\u017eitie digit\u00e1lneho modelu reli\u00e9fu (DEM), \u010do je s\u00fabor \u00fadajov obsahuj\u00faci inform\u00e1cie o nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ke pre r\u00f4zne lokality.<\/p>\r\n

      Na presn\u00e9 merania sa daj\u00fa pou\u017ei\u0165 aj \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 geodetick\u00e9 zariadenia, ako s\u00fa tot\u00e1lne stanice alebo laserov\u00e9 nivela\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00edstroje. V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017eu tradi\u010dn\u00e9 met\u00f3dy, ako je meranie barometrick\u00e9ho tlaku alebo pou\u017eitie v\u00fd\u0161komeru, poskytn\u00fa\u0165 hrub\u00e9 odhady nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ky.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Topografia je jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch faktorov ovplyv\u0148uj\u00facich v\u00fdnos a obsah \u017eiv\u00edn v p\u00f4de. Sklon m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 preto hlavn\u00fdm faktorom obmedzuj\u00facim v\u00fdnos, najm\u00e4 v pr\u00edpade neodvodnen\u00fdch\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":1370,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1366],"tags":[1600],"class_list":["post-223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-topography","tag-topography"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTopography and relief analytics for agricultural fields - GeoPard Agriculture<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Topography is one of the major factors affecting yield and nutrition content in the soil. 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