{"id":4788,"date":"2022-05-25T09:35:26","date_gmt":"2022-05-25T07:35:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=4788"},"modified":"2023-08-11T17:33:47","modified_gmt":"2023-08-11T15:33:47","slug":"de-ce-este-importanta-eficienta-utilizarii-azotului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/ro\/blog\/why-nitrogen-use-efficiency-is-important\/","title":{"rendered":"De ce este important\u0103 eficien\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii azotului?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Eficien\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii azotului este un concept utilizat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een cercetarea agricol\u0103 de zeci de ani. Eficien\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii azotului este adesea descris\u0103 ca raportul dintre randamentul culturilor \u0219i cantitatea de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt cu azot aplicat\u0103 sau absorbit\u0103 de cultur\u0103.<\/p>\n

Ce este eficien\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii azotului?<\/h2>\n

Eficien\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii azotului (NUE) este un termen folosit pentru a descrie eficien\u021ba unei plante \u00een utilizarea azotului aplicat sau fixat pentru producerea de biomas\u0103. Este definit\u0103 \u00een continuare ca raportul dintre randamentul culturilor \u0219i cantitatea de azot absorbit\u0103 din sol prin r\u0103d\u0103cini sau din atmosfer\u0103 prin fixarea de c\u0103tre bacterii.<\/p>\n

NUE este o tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 important\u0103 \u00een programele de ameliorare a culturilor, care vizeaz\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea randamentului culturilor, reduc\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp costurile de produc\u021bie, cum ar fi \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele, \u0219i, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, men\u021bin\u00e2nd azotul departe de mediu. Reducerea aporturilor de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte ar duce la mai pu\u021bine emisii de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103 \u0219i la o mai mic\u0103 scurgere a nitra\u021bilor \u00een apele subterane \u0219i de suprafa\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cre\u0219terea eficien\u021bei utiliz\u0103rii azotului (NUE) poate contribui la reducerea costurilor de produc\u021bie ale fermierilor \u0219i la cre\u0219terea profiturilor. O eficien\u021b\u0103 ridicat\u0103 a utiliz\u0103rii azotului \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 o parte mai mare din azotul aplicat este absorbit de cultur\u0103 \u0219i are un impact pozitiv at\u00e2t asupra mediului, c\u00e2t \u0219i asupra profiturilor fermierilor.<\/p>\n

\u00cen plus, este o m\u0103sur\u0103 a cantit\u0103\u021bii de azot (N) absorbit\u0103 de o cultur\u0103 \u00een compara\u021bie cu cantitatea aplicat\u0103. Este un indicator important al sustenabilit\u0103\u021bii mediului \u0219i al eficien\u021bei economice \u00een produc\u021bia agricol\u0103, deoarece arat\u0103 rela\u021bia dintre aporturile de N \u0219i randamentul culturilor.<\/p>\n

O eficien\u021b\u0103 a utiliz\u0103rii azotului de 50% \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 jum\u0103tate din azotul aplicat a r\u0103mas \u00een cultur\u0103 dup\u0103 finalizarea cre\u0219terii.<\/p>\n

De exemplu, dac\u0103 ave\u021bi 45 kg de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt cu azot (NUE) disponibile pentru produc\u021bia de porumb \u0219i \u00eel aplica\u021bi pe tot odat\u0103 \u00eenainte de plantare, dar cultura a absorbit doar 32 kg \u00een timpul sezonului de cre\u0219tere, NUE-ul agronomic este 70%. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 13 kg au fost pierdute \u00een mediu din cauza denitrific\u0103rii \u0219i levig\u0103rii.<\/p>\n

Poate fi exprimat fie ca procent (de exemplu, 50%), fie ca raport (de exemplu, 1:1). \u00cen ambele cazuri, unit\u0103\u021bile sunt egale cu unit\u0103\u021bi de mas\u0103, cum ar fi livre pe acru (lb\/acre), kilograme pe hectar (kg\/ha) sau grame pe metru p\u0103trat (g\/m2).<\/p>\n

O eficien\u021b\u0103 agronomic\u0103 a utiliz\u0103rii azotului (NUE) ridicat\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 o mai mare parte din azotul furnizat unei culturi este utilizat\u0103 de aceasta \u2013 o situa\u021bie dezirabil\u0103 pentru marjele de profit, preocup\u0103rile de mediu \u0219i sustenabilitatea. Poate fi confuz s\u0103 \u00eencerci s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegi diferen\u021ba dintre eficien\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii nutrien\u021bilor \u0219i eficien\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii agronomice a azotului (NUE). Fundamental, eficien\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii nutrien\u021bilor poate fi definit\u0103 ca orice m\u0103sur\u0103 a modului \u00een care o plant\u0103 utilizeaz\u0103 nutrien\u021bii.<\/p>\n

Este o parte a acesteia care se refer\u0103 la cre\u0219terea probabil\u0103 a randamentului culturilor atunci c\u00e2nd fermierii aplic\u0103 \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte suplimentare cu azot. Accentul pus pe randamentul culturilor este ceea ce diferen\u021biaz\u0103 NUE agronomic de alte m\u0103suri ale absorb\u021biei nutrien\u021bilor de c\u0103tre plante.<\/p>\n

Folose\u0219te raportul dintre cantitatea de cereale produse (sau cre\u0219terea produc\u021biei de cereale) \u0219i cantitatea de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt aplicat\u0103. De exemplu, dac\u0103 aplica\u021bi 90 kg\/acru de N \u0219i ob\u021bine\u021bi o cre\u0219tere de 2,4 kg a randamentului de porumb, atunci valoarea dumneavoastr\u0103 agronomic\u0103 net\u0103 (NUE) ar fi: 90 kg\/acru \/ 50 bu\/acru = 1,8 kg de cereale per kilogram de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt cu N aplicat.<\/p>\n

Este un parametru cheie pentru descrierea echilibrului de azot (N) al unui agroecosistem. Astfel, poate fi utilizat pentru a evalua sustenabilitatea unui sistem de cultur\u0103 \u0219i pentru a ghida practicile de gestionare a azotului.<\/p>\n

NUE agronomic este raportul dintre absorb\u021bia de azot a culturii (CropNUptake) \u0219i cantitatea de azot aplicat\u0103 culturii (\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntN + Gunoi de grajdN + Fixare biologic\u0103). Poate fi exprimat ca: NUE agronomic = Absorb\u021bie de azot a culturii \/ \u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntN + Gunoi de grajdN + Fixare biologic\u0103<\/p>\n

De exemplu, dac\u0103 un fermier aplic\u0103 100 kg\/ha de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt cu N la o cultur\u0103 de gr\u00e2u \u0219i la recoltare, \u00een boabe se recupereaz\u0103 30 kg\/ha de N, atunci NUE agronomic = 0,30.<\/p>\n

Acesta ofer\u0103 o m\u0103sur\u0103 a eficacit\u0103\u021bii tuturor inputurilor de azot disponibile \u00een producerea randamentului culturilor, precum \u0219i un mijloc prin care se pot compara \u0219i contrasta diferite strategii de gestionare a azotului.<\/p>\n

NUE agronomic a fost definit ca raportul dintre biomasa culturii \u0219i unitatea de cantitate de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt cu azot aplicat sau recuperat sau cantitatea total\u0103 de azot fixat\u0103 de leguminoase.<\/p>\n

NUE agronomic\u0103 = Biomas\u0103 de cultur\u0103 \/ Total intr\u0103ri de N disponibile pentru plante<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Este vorba despre propor\u021bia de N aplicat ca \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt care este recuperat \u00een cultura \u021bint\u0103. Eficien\u021ba ideal\u0103, care este rar atins\u0103, ar fi 100%, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 tot N aplicat este recuperat \u00een cultur\u0103.<\/p>\n

Termenul agronomic nu se refer\u0103 la practica agricol\u0103, ci la cantitatea real\u0103 de azot utilizat\u0103 de o cultur\u0103. Aceasta poate fi mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea care a fost aplicat\u0103 sau furnizat\u0103 \u00een realitate \u0219i se poate datora diver\u0219ilor factori, cum ar fi pierderile prin levigare sau denitrificare sau imobilizarea azotului din \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt de c\u0103tre microorganismele din sol.<\/p>\n

Importan\u021ba NUE<\/h2>\n

Exist\u0103 mai multe motive pentru care eficien\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii azotului \u00een sol este important\u0103. Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva dintre ele:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Reduce pierderile economice cauzate de randamentele sc\u0103zute \u0219i calitatea slab\u0103.<\/li>\n
  2. \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te utilizarea durabil\u0103 a resurselor naturale.<\/li>\n
  3. Reduce poluarea cauzat\u0103 de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele cu azot.<\/li>\n
  4. Costurile mai mici sunt asociate cu aplicarea unei cantit\u0103\u021bi mai mici de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt cu azot, care este totu\u0219i suficient\u0103 pentru a atinge obiectivele de randament al culturilor.<\/li>\n
  5. Impacturi mai mici asupra mediului, \u00een special asupra calit\u0103\u021bii apei, datorit\u0103 pierderilor reduse de azot prin levigare \u0219i volatilizare.<\/li>\n
  6. Con\u021binut mai mare de proteine \u00een culturile de cereale. Acest lucru poate cre\u0219te valoarea economic\u0103 a cerealelor \u0219i poate \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi capacitatea animalului de a transforma furajele \u00een carne sau lapte.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Cum se calculeaz\u0103 eficien\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii azotului<\/h2>\n

    NUE se calculeaz\u0103 folosind urm\u0103toarea formul\u0103:<\/p>\n

    Ecua\u021bia pentru NUE poate fi ob\u021binut\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bind randamentul \u00een boabe la cantitatea total\u0103 de azot disponibil\u0103 culturii.<\/p>\n

    g\/ha randament \u00een boabe (substan\u021b\u0103 uscat\u0103 a culturii) \u00f7 g\/ha N aplicat.<\/p>\n

    \"Cum<\/p>\n

    De exemplu, s\u0103 lu\u0103m \u00een considerare o cultur\u0103 care produce 3,5 t\/ha de gr\u00e2u cu un con\u021binut total de N de 0,24%. Prin urmare, cantitatea m\u0103surat\u0103 de N din bob este:<\/p>\n

    3,5 \u00d7 0,24% = 8,4 kg\/ha.<\/p>\n

    Dac\u0103 cultura a fost alimentat\u0103 cu 100 kg\/ha de N (inclusiv mineralizarea solului), atunci NUE-ul culturii este 8,4%.<\/p>\n

    Cum s\u0103 cre\u0219te\u021bi eficien\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii azotului<\/h2>\n

    Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva modalit\u0103\u021bi prin care fermierii \u00eel pot \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi:<\/p>\n

    1<\/strong>. \u00cel po\u021bi \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi aleg\u00e2nd tipul potrivit de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt. \u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte organice<\/a> sunt grozave. C\u00e2nd aceste \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte organice sunt aplicate \u00een sol, ele elibereaz\u0103 nutrien\u021bii lent cu ajutorul microbilor prezen\u021bi \u00een sol \u0219i astfel sporesc NUE-ul.<\/p>\n

    2<\/strong>. Folosind metode de cultivare adecvate.<\/p>\n

    3<\/strong>. Plantarea soiurilor potrivite.<\/p>\n

    4<\/strong>. Aplicarea cantit\u0103\u021bii potrivite de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt la momentul potrivit. \u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntul trebuie aplicat \u00eenainte de sem\u0103nat sau \u00een timpul sem\u0103natului ori de c\u00e2te ori este posibil, pentru a nu irosi c\u00e2t mai mult recoltele.<\/p>\n

    5.<\/strong> De asemenea, poate fi \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 prin rota\u021bia culturilor \u0219i culturi de acoperire<\/a>. Atunci c\u00e2nd sunt utilizate \u00eempreun\u0103, aceste practici pot contribui la reducerea efectelor negative asupra mediului ale practicilor agricole conven\u021bionale, \u00een care fermierii aplic\u0103 azot \u00een exces pentru a se asigura c\u0103 toate plantele primesc suficient azot.<\/p>\n

    Abordarea tradi\u021bional\u0103 de aplicare a unor cantit\u0103\u021bi adecvate de azot este costisitoare \u0219i ineficient\u0103. Culturile de acoperire \u0219i rota\u021bia culturilor pot ajuta la reducerea acestui cost prin \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea NUE (Nutritional Energy Equity Employer - Utilizarea natural\u0103 a plantelor) pe c\u00e2mpurile dumneavoastr\u0103, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 ve\u021bi putea produce mai mult cu o aplicare mai mic\u0103 de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte cu azot.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e2nd vine vorba de rota\u021bia culturilor, re\u021bine\u021bi c\u0103 nu toate rota\u021biile sunt la fel. Unele rota\u021bii pot reduce NUE (Numerul Eficient) \u00een compara\u021bie cu o rota\u021bie direct\u0103 porumb-soia. De exemplu, plantarea porumbului dup\u0103 soia va \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi, \u00een general, NUE (Numerul Eficient) \u00een compara\u021bie cu plantarea soiei dup\u0103 porumb.<\/p>\n

    S-a demonstrat c\u0103 culturile de acoperire cresc nivelul de azot natural (NUE) deoarece absorb azotul din sol; un proces cunoscut sub numele de imobilizare. Imobilizarea cu azot are loc atunci c\u00e2nd microorganismele utilizeaz\u0103 surse organice de azot din sol \u0219i le transform\u0103 \u00een \u021besuturi vii noi (microorganisme).<\/p>\n

    Microorganismele mor apoi \u0219i elibereaz\u0103 acest azot organic \u00eenapoi \u00een sol pentru ca plantele s\u0103 \u00eel utilizeze. Cu toate acestea, culturile de acoperire necesit\u0103 gestionare, inclusiv metode \u0219i date adecvate de terminare a ierbii.<\/p>\n

    Cum poate GeoPard s\u0103 contribuie la cre\u0219terea eficien\u021bei utiliz\u0103rii azotului?<\/h2>\n

    GeoPard este o solu\u021bie pentru agricultura de precizie<\/a> care ofer\u0103 fermierilor datele \u0219i informa\u021biile necesare pentru a produce culturi mai eficient. GeoPard ofer\u0103 informa\u021bii specifice plantelor despre poten\u021bialul de randament al fiec\u0103rui c\u00e2mp \u0219i despre starea azotului, potasiului \u0219i fosforului din sol. Mai jos sunt modalit\u0103\u021bi prin care GeoPard ajut\u0103 la cre\u0219terea acestuia:<\/p>\n

    1. Acestea ofer\u0103 un ciclu complet de calcul (c\u00e2t azot este deja \u00een sol, c\u00e2t ar trebui ad\u0103ugat, c\u00e2t a mai r\u0103mas la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul sezonului) \u0219i planific\u0103 sezonul urm\u0103tor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    GeoPard ajut\u0103 la cre\u0219terea impactului asupra mediului (NUE) prin furnizarea de recomand\u0103ri precise privind cantitatea de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt care trebuie aplicat\u0103 \u0219i momentul aplic\u0103rii. Acesta ajut\u0103 fermierii s\u0103 reduc\u0103 cantitatea de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt aplicat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 a afecta randamentul culturilor. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 fermierii vor cheltui mai pu\u021bini bani pe \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte \u0219i, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, \u00ee\u0219i vor reduce impactul asupra mediului.<\/p>\n

    GeoPard recomand\u0103 cantit\u0103\u021bi precise de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt care ar trebui aplicate pe baza caracteristicilor solului, a datelor meteorologice istorice (pentru a estima c\u00e2t\u0103 ap\u0103 se va pierde prin evapotranspira\u021bie) \u0219i a datelor meteorologice actuale (care pot fi utilizate pentru a prezice c\u00e2nd va ap\u0103rea o fereastr\u0103 bun\u0103 de oportunitate pentru aplicarea cantit\u0103\u021bii recomandate).<\/p>\n

    2. Fac analize bazate pe infografice (date provenite de la utilaje (fertilizare aplicat\u0103, sem\u0103nat, randament, proteine))<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Cel mai important aspect al GeoPard este capacitatea sa de a analiza informa\u021biile \u00eentr-un mod u\u0219or de utilizat. Acest sistem ofer\u0103 datele \u00eentr-un mod u\u0219or de \u00een\u021beles, permi\u021b\u00e2nd luarea unor decizii mai bune \u00een viitor. Informa\u021biile colectate de GeoPard includ urm\u0103toarele: fertilizarea aplicat\u0103, fertilizarea plantat\u0103, randamentul \u0219i proteinele.<\/p>\n

    Aceste informa\u021bii sunt colectate cu ajutorul unor utilaje \u0219i printr-un proces simplu, oferind fermierului toate datele cele mai importante \u00eentr-un singur loc. Datele pot fi apoi utilizate pentru a lua decizii importante cu privire la ce trebuie f\u0103cut pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi eficien\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii azotului \u00een ferma sa.<\/p>\n

    3. Acestea ofer\u0103 analize (ecua\u021bii pentru calcularea absorb\u021biei de azot pe fiecare metru p\u0103trat)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Unul dintre principalele beneficii ale Sistemului de Management al Culturilor GeoPard este c\u0103 ofer\u0103 cultivatorilor un instrument eficient pentru \u00een\u021belegerea \u0219i analizarea cre\u0219terii culturilor. Sistemul de Management al Culturilor GeoPard utilizeaz\u0103 analize avansate pentru a ajuta cultivatorii cu evaluarea actual\u0103 a utiliz\u0103rii plantelor (NUE).<\/p>\n

    Sistemul ofer\u0103 analize pentru fiecare metru p\u0103trat, ceea ce permite cultivatorilor s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 cantitatea necesar\u0103 de azot pentru fiecare zon\u0103. Folosind aceste informa\u021bii, cultivatorii pot evita suprafertilizarea \u0219i pot economisi bani prin reducerea la minimum a costurilor cu \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele.<\/p>\n

    Analizele sunt furnizate \u00eentr-o form\u0103 simpl\u0103: ecua\u021bii care v\u0103 spun de c\u00e2t azot ave\u021bi nevoie pe fiecare metru p\u0103trat.<\/p>\n

    4. Creeaz\u0103 Planificarea Agronomic\u0103 pentru sezonul urm\u0103tor pe baza unor date precise \u0219i a model\u0103rii GeoPard<\/strong><\/p>\n

    GeoPard v\u0103 ofer\u0103 informa\u021bii vitale despre fiecare parte a c\u00e2mpului \u0219i cartografiaz\u0103 zonele \u00een care azotul este cel mai necesar. Pe baza acestor informa\u021bii, cultivatorii pot planifica num\u0103rul de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte care vor fi aplicate \u00een anumite p\u0103r\u021bi ale c\u00e2mpului, ceea ce economise\u0219te timp, bani \u0219i resurse.<\/p>\n

    Este raportul dintre absorb\u021bia de azot de c\u0103tre culturi \u0219i cantitatea de azot aplicat\u0103. Este un factor determinant major al productivit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i profitabilit\u0103\u021bii culturilor \u0219i un indicator important al practicilor agricole durabile.<\/p>\n

    Cu c\u00e2t o cultur\u0103 utilizeaz\u0103 o cantitate mai mic\u0103 de azot, cu at\u00e2t aceasta poate fi considerat\u0103 mai eficient\u0103. \u00cen plus, NUE este afectat\u0103 de mul\u021bi factori, inclusiv propriet\u0103\u021bile solului, practicile de gestionare \u0219i condi\u021biile de mediu.<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/h2>\n
    \n

    1. Care sunt beneficiile cre\u0219terii eficien\u021bei utiliz\u0103rii azotului?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Cre\u0219terea acesteia aduce mai multe beneficii. \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te productivitatea culturilor, reduce impactul asupra mediului, economise\u0219te costuri \u0219i promoveaz\u0103 agricultura durabil\u0103.<\/p>\n

    Utilizarea eficient\u0103 a azotului asigur\u0103 o cre\u0219tere optim\u0103 a plantelor, minimizeaz\u0103 scurgerile de azot \u0219i emisiile de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103, reduce cheltuielile cu factorii de produc\u021bie \u0219i sus\u021bine fertilitatea solului pe termen lung. Prin prioritizarea acesteia, fermierii pot ob\u021bine randamente mai bune, pot proteja mediul, pot economisi bani \u0219i pot contribui la practici agricole durabile.<\/p>\n

    2. C\u00e2t \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt pe metru p\u0103trat?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Cantitatea de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt pe metru p\u0103trat variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de cultur\u0103, condi\u021biile solului \u0219i cerin\u021bele de nutrien\u021bi. Cel mai bine este s\u0103 efectua\u021bi un test al solului pentru a determina recomand\u0103rile specifice de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte pentru o cre\u0219tere optim\u0103 a plantelor. Testarea solului ofer\u0103 informa\u021bii precise pentru a determina cantitatea corect\u0103 de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt care trebuie aplicat\u0103 pe metru p\u0103trat, asigur\u00e2nd o alimentare eficient\u0103 cu nutrien\u021bi a plantelor.<\/p>\n

    3. Care sunt dou\u0103 strategii pentru cre\u0219terea eficien\u021bei utiliz\u0103rii azotului?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 strategii eficiente pentru cre\u0219terea NUE:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Aplica\u021bie divizat\u0103<\/strong>\u00cemp\u0103r\u021birea aplic\u0103rii \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor cu azot \u00een doze multiple pe parcursul sezonului de cre\u0219tere permite o mai bun\u0103 sincronizare \u00eentre cererea plantelor \u0219i disponibilitatea nutrien\u021bilor. Aceast\u0103 abordare minimizeaz\u0103 pierderile de azot \u0219i asigur\u0103 c\u0103 plantele primesc azot atunci c\u00e2nd au cea mai mare nevoie de el.<\/li>\n
    • Management \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit al nutrien\u021bilor<\/strong>Implementarea unor practici precise de gestionare a nutrien\u021bilor, cum ar fi utilizarea tehnicilor de aplicare specifice amplasamentului \u0219i ajustarea dozelor de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte \u00een func\u021bie de nevoile solului \u0219i ale plantelor, poate \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi semnificativ acest lucru. Prin adaptarea aporturilor de nutrien\u021bi la anumite zone sau zone dintr-un c\u00e2mp, fermierii pot optimiza utilizarea \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor \u0219i pot minimiza risipa de nutrien\u021bi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Aceste strategii contribuie la maximizarea eficacit\u0103\u021bii \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor cu azot, la reducerea impactului asupra mediului \u0219i la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea performan\u021bei culturilor, men\u021bin\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp practici agricole durabile.<\/p>\n

      4. Care cultur\u0103 este cel mai eficient utilizator de azot?<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Printre diverse culturi, leguminoasele sunt considerate cele mai eficien\u021bi utilizatori de azot. Culturile leguminoase, cum ar fi soia, maz\u0103rea \u0219i lintea, au capacitatea unic\u0103 de a forma o rela\u021bie simbiotic\u0103 cu bacteriile fixatoare de azot din nodulii r\u0103d\u0103cinilor lor.<\/p>\n

      Acest lucru le permite s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 azot direct din atmosfer\u0103, reduc\u00e2ndu-\u0219i dependen\u021ba de surse externe de azot, cum ar fi \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele. Drept urmare, leguminoasele au o eficien\u021b\u0103 mai mare \u00een utilizarea azotului \u0219i pot contribui cu azot la sol, beneficiind culturile ulterioare \u00eentr-un sistem de rota\u021bie.<\/p>\n

      5. De c\u00e2t azot are nevoie gr\u00e2ul pe acru?<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Necesarul de azot al gr\u00e2ului pe acru variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de mai mul\u021bi factori, inclusiv fertilitatea solului, condi\u021biile de mediu \u0219i stadiul specific de cre\u0219tere al culturii de gr\u00e2u. \u00cen medie, gr\u00e2ul necesit\u0103 de obicei aproximativ 100 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 150 de livre de azot pe acru.<\/p>\n

      6. De c\u00e2t\u0103 ap\u0103 are nevoie gr\u00e2ul pe acru?<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Necesarul de ap\u0103 al gr\u00e2ului pe acru depinde de diver\u0219i factori, inclusiv clima, tipul de sol \u0219i stadiul de cre\u0219tere al culturii. \u00cen medie, gr\u00e2ul necesit\u0103 aproximativ 50-75 cm de ap\u0103 pe parcursul sezonului de cre\u0219tere. Cu toate acestea, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 se ia \u00een considerare nevoile specifice de ap\u0103 ale soiului de gr\u00e2u cultivat \u0219i s\u0103 se monitorizeze \u00een mod regulat nivelurile de umiditate ale solului.<\/p>\n

      7. C\u00e2t \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt este necesar pe acru pentru gr\u00e2u?<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Ca regul\u0103 general\u0103, culturile de gr\u00e2u necesit\u0103 de obicei \u00eentre 45 \u0219i 70 de kilograme de azot pe acru. Necesarul de fosfor \u0219i potasiu variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de rezultatele analizelor de sol, dar o recomandare comun\u0103 este de a aplica aproximativ 22 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 36 de kilograme de fosfor \u0219i 18 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 27 de kilograme de potasiu pe acru.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Eficien\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii azotului a fost un concept utilizat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een cercetarea agricol\u0103 timp de decenii. Eficien\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii azotului este adesea descris\u0103 ca raportul dintre randamentul culturilor \u0219i...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":4790,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1380],"tags":[1637],"class_list":["post-4788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-whats","tag-plant-protection"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is agronomic nitrogen use efficiency?\ud83c\udf8d<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is ratio of crop nitrogen uptake to the amount of nitrogen applied. 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