{"id":10687,"date":"2024-08-17T13:15:44","date_gmt":"2024-08-17T11:15:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=10687"},"modified":"2024-08-21T20:25:33","modified_gmt":"2024-08-21T18:25:33","slug":"regulamentul-privind-defrisarile-din-uniunea-europeana-eudr-schimba-regulile-jocului-pentru-sustenabilitate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/ro\/blog\/european-union-deforestation-regulation-eudr-a-game-changer-for-sustainability\/","title":{"rendered":"Regulamentul Uniunii Europene privind defri\u0219\u0103rile (EUDR): Un factor decisiv pentru sustenabilitate"},"content":{"rendered":"

La nivel global, defri\u0219\u0103rile r\u0103m\u00e2n o problem\u0103 critic\u0103, cu aproximativ 10 milioane de hectare de p\u0103dure pierdute \u00een fiecare an, potrivit Organiza\u021biei pentru Alimenta\u021bie \u0219i Agricultur\u0103 (FAO). P\u0103durea tropical\u0103 amazonian\u0103, adesea numit\u0103 \u201cpl\u0103m\u00e2nii P\u0103m\u00e2ntului\u201d, a cunoscut o defri\u0219are semnificativ\u0103, cu aproximativ 17% din suprafa\u021ba sa pierdut\u0103 \u00een ultimii 50 de ani.<\/p>\n

Prin urmare, introducerea Regulamentului Uniunii Europene privind defri\u0219\u0103rile (EUDR) este un r\u0103spuns la aceste statistici alarmante, \u00eentruc\u00e2t UE dore\u0219te s\u0103 joace un rol principal \u00een inversarea tendin\u021bei defri\u0219\u0103rilor la nivel global.<\/p>\n

M\u0103surile legislative ale UE vizeaz\u0103 reducerea emisiilor de carbon cauzate de consumul \u00een UE al acestor m\u0103rfuri cu cel pu\u021bin 32 de milioane de tone metrice pe an.<\/p>\n

Ce este Regulamentul Uniunii Europene privind defri\u0219\u0103rile (EUDR)?<\/h2>\n

Regulamentul Uniunii Europene privind defri\u0219\u0103rile (EUDR), cunoscut oficial sub numele de Regulamentul (UE) 2023\/1115, este un act legislativ de referin\u021b\u0103 care vizeaz\u0103 reducerea defri\u0219\u0103rilor la nivel global, determinat\u0103 \u00een special de cererea de produse agricole.<\/p>\n

\"Ce<\/p>\n

Introdus de Uniunea European\u0103, EUDR urm\u0103re\u0219te s\u0103 garanteze c\u0103 produsele care intr\u0103 pe pia\u021ba UE nu contribuie la defri\u0219\u0103ri sau la degradarea p\u0103durilor. Deoarece contribuie semnificativ la schimb\u0103rile climatice, pierderea biodiversit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i degradarea ecosistemelor.<\/p>\n

Unele dintre etapele importante ale lan\u021bului de aprovizionare \u00een EDUR care trebuie urmate sunt:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Cre\u015ftere<\/strong>M\u0103rfurile trebuie produse \u00eentr-un mod legal \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 defri\u0219\u0103ri. Este esen\u021bial s\u0103 se colecteze date de geolocalizare pentru zona de produc\u021bie.<\/li>\n
  2. Comer\u021b \u0219i transport maritim<\/strong>\u00cen timpul tranzac\u021bion\u0103rii \u0219i transportului, m\u0103rfurile care nu sunt supuse defri\u0219\u0103rilor \u0219i respect\u0103 reglement\u0103rile trebuie p\u0103strate separat de alte produse. Amestecarea m\u0103rfurilor conforme cu cele neconforme sau cu cele de origine incert\u0103 este interzis\u0103.<\/li>\n
  3. Importarea<\/strong>\u00cenainte de a introduce un produs pe pia\u021ba UE, importatorii sunt obliga\u021bi s\u0103 efectueze diligen\u021ba necesar\u0103. De asemenea, ace\u0219tia trebuie s\u0103 prezinte o declara\u021bie de diligen\u021b\u0103 necesar\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 un num\u0103r de referin\u021b\u0103 (\u00eempreun\u0103 cu un token de securitate) care trebuie inclus \u00een declara\u021bia vamal\u0103 de import.<\/li>\n
  4. Produc\u00e2nd<\/strong>Marii produc\u0103tori din UE, cum ar fi cei care produc ciocolat\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 verifice dac\u0103 s-a efectuat \u00een mod corespunz\u0103tor diligen\u021ba necesar\u0103 \u00een amontele lan\u021bului de aprovizionare.<\/li>\n
  5. V\u00e2nzarea sau exportul de produse<\/strong>\u00cenainte ca un produs s\u0103 poat\u0103 fi v\u00e2ndut pe pia\u021ba UE, marii comercian\u021bi cu am\u0103nuntul trebuie s\u0103 confirme c\u0103 s-au efectuat diligen\u021bele necesare \u00een amontele lan\u021bului de aprovizionare.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    De ce vizeaz\u0103 EUDR lan\u021buri de aprovizionare f\u0103r\u0103 defri\u0219\u0103ri?<\/h3>\n

    Un studiu publicat \u00een Nature a constatat c\u0103 activit\u0103\u021bile agricole au fost responsabile pentru aproape 801 TP3T de defri\u0219\u0103ri la nivel global, agricultura comercial\u0103 contribuind la aproximativ 401 TP3T. Mai mult, regulamentul este sus\u021binut de cercet\u0103ri \u0219tiin\u021bifice substan\u021biale care eviden\u021biaz\u0103 efectele negative ale defri\u0219\u0103rilor asupra schimb\u0103rilor climatice.<\/p>\n

    \"De<\/p>\n

    P\u0103durile ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca ni\u0219te rezervoare de carbon, absorbind dioxidul de carbon din atmosfer\u0103. Pierderea p\u0103durilor nu numai c\u0103 reduce aceast\u0103 capacitate, dar elibereaz\u0103 \u0219i carbonul stocat, exacerb\u00e2nd \u00eenc\u0103lzirea global\u0103. Grupul interguvernamental de exper\u021bi privind schimb\u0103rile climatice (IPCC) raporteaz\u0103 c\u0103 defri\u0219\u0103rile sunt responsabile pentru aproximativ 11% de emisii globale de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103.<\/p>\n

    Prin urmare, concentr\u00e2ndu-se pe lan\u021buri de aprovizionare f\u0103r\u0103 defri\u0219\u0103ri, EUDR \u00ee\u0219i propune s\u0103 reduc\u0103 amprenta ecologic\u0103 a UE \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eencurajeze practici durabile de utilizare a terenurilor la nivel global. Regulamentul vizeaz\u0103, de asemenea, cre\u0219terea gradului de con\u0219tientizare \u0219i responsabilitate \u00een r\u00e2ndul produc\u0103torilor, comercian\u021bilor \u0219i consumatorilor cu privire la impactul asupra mediului al alegerilor lor de consum.<\/p>\n

    \u00cen plus, EUDR se aliniaz\u0103 \u0219i cu eforturi globale mai ample, cum ar fi Acordul de la Paris \u0219i Obiectivele de Dezvoltare Durabil\u0103 (ODD) ale Organiza\u021biei Na\u021biunilor Unite, pentru combaterea schimb\u0103rilor climatice \u0219i promovarea sustenabilit\u0103\u021bii mediului.<\/p>\n

    Care sunt cerin\u021bele cheie ale EUDR?<\/h3>\n

    EUDR impune mai multe cerin\u021be cheie companiilor care doresc s\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219oare activit\u0103\u021bi comerciale \u00een cadrul UE:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Verificarea antecedentelor:<\/strong> Companiile trebuie s\u0103 efectueze verific\u0103ri am\u0103nun\u021bite pentru a se asigura c\u0103 produsele lor nu provoac\u0103 defri\u0219\u0103ri. Aceasta implic\u0103 urm\u0103rirea originii m\u0103rfurilor, evaluarea riscului de defri\u0219\u0103ri \u0219i luarea m\u0103surilor adecvate pentru a atenua orice riscuri identificate.<\/li>\n
    2. Trasabilitate:<\/strong> Regulamentul impune companiilor s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 sisteme de trasabilitate pentru a urm\u0103ri originea m\u0103rfurilor. Acest lucru asigur\u0103 c\u0103 fiecare etap\u0103 a lan\u021bului de aprovizionare este documentat\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 produsele pot fi urm\u0103rite p\u00e2n\u0103 la surse f\u0103r\u0103 defri\u0219\u0103ri.<\/li>\n
    3. Verificare:<\/strong> Companiile trebuie s\u0103 furnizeze dovezi c\u0103 produsele lor respect\u0103 cerin\u021bele EUDR privind desp\u0103durirea f\u0103r\u0103 defri\u0219\u0103ri. Acestea pot include imagini din satelit, scheme de certificare \u0219i audituri de la ter\u021bi pentru a verifica dac\u0103 nu a avut loc nicio desp\u0103durire.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Ce este conformitatea cu EUDR? \u0218i industriile afectate?<\/h2>\n

      Conformitatea cu EUDR se refer\u0103 la respectarea Regulamentului UE. EUDR afecteaz\u0103 predominant industriile care se bazeaz\u0103 \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 pe produse agricole, cum ar fi uleiul de palmier, soia, bovinele, lemnul, cacaoa \u0219i cafeaua. Aceste produse sunt adesea legate de defri\u0219\u0103ri, deoarece p\u0103durile sunt defri\u0219ate pentru a face loc planta\u021biilor \u0219i p\u0103\u0219unilor.<\/p>\n

      \"EUDR<\/p>\n

      Prin urmare, industriile din sectoarele alimentar, cosmetic, biocombustibili \u0219i lemn sunt cele mai afectate. Companiile care opereaz\u0103 \u00een aceste industrii trebuie acum s\u0103 se asigure c\u0103 lan\u021burile lor de aprovizionare nu sunt supuse practicilor legate de defri\u0219\u0103ri, promov\u00e2nd astfel o mai mare transparen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i sustenabilitate.<\/p>\n

      Mai mult, \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te impactul global, se a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca EUDR s\u0103 influen\u021beze lan\u021burile de aprovizionare mult dincolo de Europa, deoarece produc\u0103torii \u0219i exportatorii din \u021b\u0103ri precum Brazilia, Indonezia \u0219i Coasta de Filde\u0219 \u0219i-au adaptat, de asemenea, practicile pentru a \u00eendeplini noile cerin\u021be.<\/p>\n

      Un exemplu de conformitate cu EUDR poate fi observat \u00een industria cacao. Companiile care se aprovizioneaz\u0103 cu cacao din regiuni cunoscute pentru defri\u0219\u0103ri, cum ar fi Africa de Vest, trebuie acum s\u0103 furnizeze dovezi c\u0103 acest produs nu a fost produs pe terenuri defri\u0219ate.<\/p>\n

      Aceasta ar putea implica colaborarea direct\u0103 cu fermierii locali pentru a asigura practici agricole sustenabile sau parteneriatele cu organisme de certificare precum Rainforest Alliance pentru a verifica sustenabilitatea lan\u021burilor lor de aprovizionare.<\/p>\n

      \"Ce<\/p>\n

      Un alt exemplu este industria uleiului de palmier, unde companiile sunt obligate s\u0103 demonstreze c\u0103 uleiul lor de palmier nu provine din zone recent defri\u0219ate din \u021b\u0103ri precum Indonezia \u0219i Malaezia. Acest lucru se realizeaz\u0103 prin monitorizare prin satelit \u0219i colaborare cu administra\u021biile locale pentru a impune practici durabile de utilizare a terenurilor.<\/p>\n

      Cum joac\u0103 aplica\u021biile de observare a P\u0103m\u00e2ntului (EO) rolul \u00een conformitate cu EUDR?<\/h2>\n

      \u00cen ultimii ani, aten\u021bia global\u0103 pus\u0103 pe sustenabilitate s-a intensificat, Regulamentul Uniunii Europene privind defri\u0219\u0103rile (EUDR) devenind un cadru esen\u021bial pentru atenuarea defri\u0219\u0103rilor \u0219i promovarea utiliz\u0103rii responsabile a terenurilor.<\/p>\n

      Unul dintre cele mai importante instrumente \u00een atingerea conformit\u0103\u021bii cu EUDR este tehnologia de observare a P\u0103m\u00e2ntului (EO). Capacitatea EO de a furniza date \u00een timp real, precise \u0219i complete o face indispensabil\u0103 pentru monitorizarea defri\u0219\u0103rilor, evaluarea riscurilor \u0219i asigurarea conformit\u0103\u021bii cu reglement\u0103rile de mediu.<\/p>\n

      \"Cum<\/p>\n

      Tehnologia EO cuprinde diverse tipuri, fiecare juc\u00e2nd un rol unic. Senzorii optici, cum ar fi sateli\u021bii din seria Landsat, capteaz\u0103 imagini ale suprafe\u021bei P\u0103m\u00e2ntului, permi\u021b\u00e2nd evaluarea vizual\u0103 a schimb\u0103rilor \u00een utilizarea terenurilor.<\/p>\n

      Senzorii radar, cum ar fi sateli\u021bii radar cu apertur\u0103 sintetic\u0103 (SAR), pot penetra acoperirea norilor, furniz\u00e2nd date \u00een regiunile \u00een care senzorii optici sunt mai pu\u021bin eficien\u021bi. \u00cen plus, senzorii multispectrali \u0219i hiperspectrali ofer\u0103 informa\u021bii detaliate despre s\u0103n\u0103tatea vegeta\u021biei, ajut\u00e2nd la detectarea timpurie a activit\u0103\u021bilor de defri\u0219are.<\/p>\n

      1. Rolul OE \u00een monitorizarea defri\u0219\u0103rilor<\/h3>\n

      Tehnologia EO joac\u0103 un rol esen\u021bial \u00een urm\u0103rirea ratelor de defri\u0219\u0103ri, identificarea punctelor fierbin\u021bi \u0219i monitorizarea schimb\u0103rilor \u00een utilizarea terenurilor. Prin utilizarea imaginilor din satelit \u0219i a teledetec\u021biei, EO ofer\u0103 date precise despre acoperirea forestier\u0103, permi\u021b\u00e2nd detectarea chiar \u0219i a unor schimb\u0103ri minore \u00een timp.<\/p>\n

      Aceast\u0103 capacitate este crucial\u0103 \u00een identificarea activit\u0103\u021bilor ilegale de exploatare forestier\u0103 \u0219i a conversiilor neautorizate de terenuri, care sunt adesea principalii factori ai defri\u0219\u0103rilor. Potrivit Institutului Mondial de Resurse, lumea a pierdut 11,1 milioane de hectare de p\u0103dure tropical\u0103 \u00een ultimii ani.<\/p>\n

      \"Rolul<\/p>\n

      Datele de observare a p\u0103durilor (OE) din imaginile din satelit arat\u0103 c\u0103 ratele de desp\u0103durire au r\u0103mas alarmant de ridicate, \u00een special \u00een regiuni precum Amazonul, Asia de Sud-Est \u0219i Africa Central\u0103. Prin valorificarea OE, autorit\u0103\u021bile pot monitoriza aceste regiuni mai eficient, identific\u00e2nd zonele \u00een care desp\u0103durirea se accelereaz\u0103 \u0219i lu\u00e2nd m\u0103suri \u00een timp util pentru a atenua impactul acesteia.<\/p>\n

      2. Evaluarea riscurilor bazat\u0103 pe EO<\/h3>\n

      Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 monitorizarea defri\u0219\u0103rilor, observarea p\u0103durilor este esen\u021bial\u0103 \u00een evaluarea riscului de defri\u0219are \u00een cadrul lan\u021burilor de aprovizionare. Companiile, \u00een special cele care se ocup\u0103 cu produse agricole precum uleiul de palmier, soia \u0219i carnea de vit\u0103, sunt supuse unei presiuni tot mai mari pentru a se asigura c\u0103 produsele lor nu contribuie la defri\u0219\u0103ri.<\/p>\n

      Evaluarea riscurilor bazat\u0103 pe OE permite acestor companii s\u0103 evalueze riscul de desp\u0103durire \u00een lan\u021burile lor de aprovizionare prin analizarea modelelor de utilizare a terenurilor, a schimb\u0103rilor \u00een \u00eenveli\u0219ul forestier \u0219i a proximit\u0103\u021bii fa\u021b\u0103 de zonele protejate. Importan\u021ba evalu\u0103rii riscurilor bazate pe OE const\u0103 \u00een capacitatea sa de a prioritiza eforturile de monitorizare.<\/p>\n

      Companiile pot identifica zonele cu risc ridicat \u0219i pot aloca resurse pentru a monitoriza \u0219i atenua mai eficient impactul desp\u0103duririlor. Aceast\u0103 abordare proactiv\u0103 nu numai c\u0103 ajut\u0103 la conformitatea cu EUDR, dar \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te \u0219i reputa\u021bia companiei prin demonstrarea unui angajament fa\u021b\u0103 de sustenabilitate.<\/p>\n

      \"OE<\/p>\n

      De exemplu, suitele de produse GeoPard adaptate industriei ofer\u0103 monitorizare continu\u0103 a activelor \u0219i informa\u021bii utile, ajut\u00e2nd companiile s\u0103 navigheze \u00een cerin\u021bele EUDR utiliz\u00e2nd sistemele lor existente.<\/p>\n

      Cereri EO reu\u0219ite \u00een conformitate cu EUDR<\/h3>\n

      Mai multe companii de OE au aplicat cu succes tehnologia EO pentru a asigura conformitatea cu EUDR, stabilind un punct de referin\u021b\u0103 pentru al\u021bii. De exemplu, Global Forest Watch, o ini\u021biativ\u0103 condus\u0103 de World Resources Institute, utilizeaz\u0103 date EO pentru a oferi informa\u021bii \u00een timp real despre schimb\u0103rile p\u0103durilor la nivel mondial.<\/p>\n

      Platforma lor a jucat un rol esen\u021bial \u00een a ajuta guvernele \u0219i organiza\u021biile s\u0103 monitorizeze defri\u0219\u0103rile \u0219i s\u0103 ia m\u0103suri corective.<\/p>\n

      Un alt exemplu notabil este platforma OneAtlas a Airbus, care ofer\u0103 imagini satelitare de \u00eenalt\u0103 rezolu\u021bie \u0219i analize de date EO pentru a monitoriza schimb\u0103rile \u00een utilizarea terenurilor. Aceast\u0103 platform\u0103 a fost utilizat\u0103 de companiile din industria uleiului de palmier pentru a se asigura c\u0103 opera\u021biunile lor nu contribuie la defri\u0219\u0103ri, respect\u00e2nd astfel cerin\u021bele EUDR.<\/p>\n

      \u00cen mod similar, Anthesis Group utilizeaz\u0103, de asemenea, date EO pentru a sprijini companiile \u00een navigarea prin complexit\u0103\u021bile EUDR.<\/p>\n

      Provoc\u0103ri \u0219i oportunit\u0103\u021bi \u00een monitorizarea defri\u0219\u0103rilor bazat\u0103 pe EO<\/h3>\n

      Conservarea mediului, \u00een special conservarea p\u0103durilor, a devenit o problem\u0103 critic\u0103 la nivel mondial. Tehnologiile de observare a P\u0103m\u00e2ntului (EO), inclusiv imaginile din satelit \u0219i teledetec\u021bia, au ap\u0103rut ca instrumente puternice \u00een monitorizarea defri\u0219\u0103rilor.<\/p>\n

      Cu toate acestea, utilizarea sistemelor de monitorizare bazate pe EO vine cu propriul set de provoc\u0103ri \u0219i oportunit\u0103\u021bi, \u00een special \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te calitatea datelor, procesarea \u0219i integrarea cu alte surse de date.<\/p>\n

      1. Calitatea \u0219i acurate\u021bea datelor<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Una dintre cele mai presante provoc\u0103ri \u00een monitorizarea defri\u0219\u0103rilor bazat\u0103 pe EO este asigurarea fiabilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i acurate\u021bei datelor. Datele EO pot fi afectate de diver\u0219i factori, cum ar fi condi\u021biile atmosferice, limit\u0103rile senzorilor \u0219i rezolu\u021bia temporal\u0103.<\/p>\n

      De exemplu, norii pot ascunde imaginile din satelit, ceea ce face dificil\u0103 ob\u021binerea de date clare \u0219i consecvente. \u00cen mod similar, varia\u021biile sensibilit\u0103\u021bii senzorilor pot duce la discrepan\u021be \u00een date, ceea ce ar putea duce la evalu\u0103ri inexacte ale desp\u0103duririlor.<\/p>\n

      Pentru a aborda aceste provoc\u0103ri, au fost dezvoltate progrese \u00een tehnologia senzorilor \u0219i \u00een algoritmii de procesare a datelor. Senzorii multispectrali \u0219i hiperspectrali, de exemplu, pot capta o gam\u0103 mai larg\u0103 de lungimi de und\u0103, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bind acurate\u021bea datelor.<\/p>\n

      De exemplu, \u00een Brazilia, Institutul Na\u021bional de Cercet\u0103ri Spa\u021biale (INPE) folose\u0219te date OT pentru a monitoriza defri\u0219\u0103rile din p\u0103durea amazonian\u0103. Acurate\u021bea acestor date este crucial\u0103 pentru aplicarea legilor de mediu \u0219i tragerea la r\u0103spundere a celor care le \u00eencalc\u0103.<\/p>\n

      2. Prelucrarea \u0219i analiza datelor<\/strong><\/p>\n

      O alt\u0103 provocare semnificativ\u0103 \u00een monitorizarea defri\u0219\u0103rilor bazat\u0103 pe observarea p\u0103durilor (EO) este procesarea \u0219i analiza unor volume mari de date. Imaginile din satelit \u0219i datele de teledetec\u021bie sunt adesea colectate la rezolu\u021bii temporale \u0219i spa\u021biale ridicate, rezult\u00e2nd seturi de date masive care necesit\u0103 resurse de calcul substan\u021biale pentru procesare.<\/p>\n

      Aceast\u0103 provocare este agravat\u0103 de necesitatea de a procesa datele aproape \u00een timp real, \u00een special pentru aplica\u021bii precum sistemele de avertizare timpurie pentru exploatarea forestier\u0103 ilegal\u0103. Au ap\u0103rut solu\u021bii tehnice la aceste provoc\u0103ri, valorific\u00e2nd progresele \u00eenregistrate \u00een cloud computing \u0219i analiza big data.<\/p>\n

      \"Monitorizarea<\/p>\n

      De exemplu, Earth Engine de la Google ofer\u0103 o platform\u0103 bazat\u0103 pe cloud pentru procesarea datelor EO la scar\u0103 larg\u0103, permi\u021b\u00e2nd analiza modelelor de defri\u0219\u0103ri \u00een diferite perioade de timp \u0219i regiuni.<\/p>\n

      \u00cen plus, se utilizeaz\u0103 tehnici de inteligen\u021b\u0103 artificial\u0103 (IA) \u0219i \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103 (ML) pentru a automatiza analiza datelor EO. De exemplu, platforma Global Forest Watch utilizeaz\u0103 date satelitare procesate aproape \u00een timp real pentru a oferi alerte privind activit\u0103\u021bile de defri\u0219are.<\/p>\n

      Aceast\u0103 capacitate este deosebit de important\u0103 \u00een regiunile \u00een care defri\u0219\u0103rile sunt larg r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite, cum ar fi Asia de Sud-Est, unde planta\u021biile de palmier pentru ulei reprezint\u0103 un factor major al pierderii p\u0103durilor.<\/p>\n

      3. Integrarea cu alte surse de date<\/strong><\/p>\n

      De\u0219i datele EO sunt nepre\u021buite \u00een monitorizarea defri\u0219\u0103rilor, eficacitatea lor este semnificativ \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd sunt integrate cu alte surse de date. Datele de la fa\u021ba locului, de exemplu, pot fi utilizate pentru a valida \u0219i calibra datele EO, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bind acurate\u021bea acestora.<\/p>\n

      \u00cen mod similar, integrarea datelor de EO cu informa\u021biile din lan\u021bul de aprovizionare poate ajuta la identificarea surselor de defri\u0219\u0103ri \u0219i la tragerea la r\u0103spundere a companiilor pentru impactul lor asupra mediului. Un exemplu notabil al acestei integr\u0103ri este platforma Trase, care combin\u0103 datele de EO cu datele din lan\u021bul de aprovizionare pentru a cartografia comer\u021bul cu m\u0103rfuri legate de defri\u0219\u0103ri, cum ar fi soia \u0219i uleiul de palmier.<\/p>\n

      Prin conectarea evenimentelor de defri\u0219are la anumite companii \u0219i lan\u021buri de aprovizionare, Trase ofer\u0103 un instrument puternic pentru promovarea transparen\u021bei \u0219i sustenabilit\u0103\u021bii \u00een comer\u021bul global.<\/p>\n

      Un studiu publicat \u00een revista \u201cRemote Sensing of Environment\u201d a demonstrat c\u0103 combinarea datelor satelitare cu m\u0103sur\u0103tori terestre a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit semnificativ detectarea defri\u0219\u0103rilor \u00een p\u0103durile tropicale.<\/p>\n

      Care sunt impacturile poten\u021biale ale EUDR?<\/h2>\n

      De\u0219i EUDR reprezint\u0103 un pas pozitiv c\u0103tre sustenabilitatea mediului, acesta ridic\u0103 \u0219i anumite preocup\u0103ri \u0219i provoc\u0103ri. Regulamentul UE privind defri\u0219\u0103rile a intrat \u00een vigoare pe 29 iunie 2023. Imediat dup\u0103 implementarea sa, stocurile europene de cafea au \u00eenceput un declin notabil, sc\u0103z\u00e2nd cu 3,12 milioane de saci din iunie p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een octombrie.<\/p>\n

      De\u0219i stocurile au sc\u0103zut treptat pe pie\u021bele de destina\u021bie \u00een ultimii doi ani, aceast\u0103 reducere semnificativ\u0103 de 26,9% \u00een doar c\u00e2teva luni a adus stocurile europene la niveluri istorice sc\u0103zute \u0219i a st\u00e2rnit \u00eengrijor\u0103ri cu privire la impactul noului regulament.<\/p>\n

      \"Care<\/p>\n

      Mai mult, o preocupare major\u0103 este impactul poten\u021bial asupra micilor fermieri \u0219i produc\u0103tori din \u021b\u0103rile \u00een curs de dezvoltare. \u00cen regiuni precum Africa Subsaharian\u0103, unde agricultura la scar\u0103 mic\u0103 este predominant\u0103, EUDR ar putea marginaliza \u00een mod accidental ace\u0219ti produc\u0103tori, \u00eemping\u00e2ndu-i afar\u0103 de pe pia\u021ba european\u0103.<\/p>\n

      Respectarea cerin\u021belor EUDR poate fi dificil\u0103 \u0219i costisitoare pentru aceste p\u0103r\u021bi interesate, put\u00e2nd duce la excluderea de pe pia\u021b\u0103 sau la dificult\u0103\u021bi economice.<\/p>\n

      \u00centre timp, o problem\u0103 cheie este poten\u021bialul de \u201cscurgere\u201d, \u00een care activit\u0103\u021bile de defri\u0219are se mut\u0103 c\u0103tre pie\u021be din afara UE, care nu au reglement\u0103ri similare. Acest lucru ar putea submina eficacitatea EUDR \u00een reducerea defri\u0219\u0103rilor la nivel global, \u00een special \u00een regiunile cu capacit\u0103\u021bi slabe de guvernan\u021b\u0103 sau de aplicare a legii.<\/p>\n

      Asigurarea implement\u0103rii eficiente a EUDR va necesita o colaborare str\u00e2ns\u0103 \u00eentre guverne, companii \u0219i organiza\u021biile societ\u0103\u021bii civile. Prin urmare, consolidarea parteneriatelor globale \u0219i sporirea transparen\u021bei \u00een lan\u021burile de aprovizionare sunt esen\u021biale pentru a aborda poten\u021bialele dezavantaje ale EUDR.<\/p>\n

      \u00cen plus, cercetarea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 continu\u0103 \u0219i progresele tehnologice, cum ar fi \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea imaginilor satelitare \u0219i a analizei datelor, sunt esen\u021biale pentru asigurarea succesului regulamentului.<\/p>\n

      Cum difer\u0103 EUDR de regulamente similare?<\/h2>\n

      1. Statele Unite: Legea Lacey<\/h3>\n

      Legea Lacey, adoptat\u0103 \u00een 1900 \u0219i modificat\u0103 \u00een 2008, este una dintre cele mai vechi \u0219i mai cuprinz\u0103toare reglement\u0103ri de mediu din Statele Unite. Aceasta interzice importul, exportul \u0219i comer\u021bul cu animale s\u0103lbatice, pe\u0219ti \u0219i plante provenite din surse ilegale.<\/p>\n

      Legea Lacey a jucat un rol esen\u021bial \u00een combaterea exploat\u0103rii forestiere ilegale \u0219i a defri\u0219\u0103rilor prin impunerea de sanc\u021biuni stricte contravenien\u021bilor. De\u0219i Legea Lacey are asem\u0103n\u0103ri cu EUDR \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te scopul s\u0103u de a proteja mediul \u0219i de a preveni comer\u021bul ilegal, aceasta difer\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te domeniul de aplicare \u0219i aplicarea acesteia.<\/p>\n

      EUDR se concentreaz\u0103 \u00een mod specific pe defri\u0219\u0103ri \u0219i vizeaz\u0103 o gam\u0103 mai larg\u0103 de produse de baz\u0103. \u00cen plus, EUDR subliniaz\u0103 responsabilitatea companiilor de a asigura lan\u021buri de aprovizionare f\u0103r\u0103 defri\u0219\u0103ri, \u00een timp ce Legea Lacey pune mai mult accent pe legalitatea aprovizion\u0103rii.<\/p>\n

      2. Regatul Unit: Legea mediului din 2021<\/h3>\n

      Legea privind mediul din Regatul Unit din 2021 include prevederi care vizeaz\u0103 combaterea defri\u0219\u0103rilor ilegale \u0219i promovarea lan\u021burilor de aprovizionare durabile. La fel ca EUDR, aceasta impune \u00eentreprinderilor s\u0103 se asigure c\u0103 anumite m\u0103rfuri nu sunt legate de defri\u0219\u0103rile ilegale.<\/p>\n

      Cu toate acestea, reglementarea din Regatul Unit este \u00een prezent mai pu\u021bin strict\u0103 dec\u00e2t EUDR \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te gama de produse acoperite \u0219i nivelul de diligen\u021b\u0103 necesar\u0103 impus companiilor. Legea mediului subliniaz\u0103, de asemenea, rolul diligen\u021bei necesare \u0219i al transparen\u021bei \u00een reducerea amprentei ecologice a Regatului Unit.<\/p>\n

      Acesta oblig\u0103 companiile s\u0103 raporteze practicile lor \u00een lan\u021bul de aprovizionare, similar cerin\u021belor EUDR conform c\u0103rora companiile trebuie s\u0103 furnizeze dovezi c\u0103 produsele lor nu produc desp\u0103duriri. Cu toate acestea, EUDR merge mai departe, abord\u00e2nd \u0219i desp\u0103duririle legale \u00een regulamentele sale, viz\u00e2nd protejarea p\u0103durilor indiferent de legile locale.<\/p>\n

      3. Australia: Legea privind interzicerea exploat\u0103rii forestiere ilegale din 2012<\/h3>\n

      Legea australian\u0103 privind interzicerea exploat\u0103rii forestiere ilegale din 2012 se concentreaz\u0103 pe prevenirea importului \u0219i prelucr\u0103rii lemnului exploatat ilegal. Acest regulament are un domeniu de aplicare mai restr\u00e2ns \u00een compara\u021bie cu EUDR, care acoper\u0103 o gam\u0103 mai larg\u0103 de produse \u0219i abordeaz\u0103 at\u00e2t defri\u0219\u0103rile legale, c\u00e2t \u0219i cele ilegale.<\/p>\n

      Regulamentul australian se refer\u0103 \u00een principal la legalitatea recolt\u0103rii lemnului, \u00een timp ce EUDR adopt\u0103 o abordare mai cuprinz\u0103toare, abord\u00e2nd impactul defri\u0219\u0103rilor asupra mediului \u0219i promov\u00e2nd practici durabile \u00een mai multe industrii.<\/p>\n

      Concluzie<\/h2>\n

      Regulamentul Uniunii Europene privind defri\u0219\u0103rile (EUDR) \u00ee\u0219i propune s\u0103 opreasc\u0103 defri\u0219\u0103rile la nivel global, asigur\u00e2ndu-se c\u0103 produsele UE nu contribuie la pierderea p\u0103durilor. Acesta are impact asupra industriilor precum agricultura \u0219i silvicultura, necesit\u00e2nd o trasabilitate strict\u0103 \u0219i practici sustenabile.<\/p>\n

      Pentru \u021b\u0103rile \u00een care aceste sectoare sunt vitale, EUDR solicit\u0103 schimb\u0103ri precum aprovizionarea f\u0103r\u0103 defri\u0219\u0103ri \u0219i o mai bun\u0103 gestionare a terenurilor. De\u0219i conformitatea poate fi dificil\u0103 \u0219i costisitoare, aceasta ofer\u0103 \u0219i oportunit\u0103\u021bi pentru inovare \u0219i un avantaj competitiv, cum ar fi introducerea aplica\u021biilor de observare a P\u0103m\u00e2ntului (EO).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      La nivel global, defri\u0219\u0103rile r\u0103m\u00e2n o problem\u0103 critic\u0103, cu aproximativ 10 milioane de hectare de p\u0103dure pierdute \u00een fiecare an, potrivit Organiza\u021biei pentru Alimenta\u021bie \u0219i Agricultur\u0103 (FAO).<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":10689,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1372],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEuropean Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR): A Game-Changer For Sustainability - 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