{"id":5618,"date":"2022-10-07T15:35:41","date_gmt":"2022-10-07T13:35:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=5618"},"modified":"2026-09-13T10:54:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-13T08:54:54","slug":"znormalizowany-wskaznik-roznicy-wilgotnosci-ndmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/pl\/blog\/normalized-difference-moisture-index-ndmi\/","title":{"rendered":"Znormalizowany Wska\u017anik R\u00f3\u017cnicowy Wilgotno\u015bci"},"content":{"rendered":"

Liczba indeksy ro\u015blinno\u015bci obs\u0142ugiwane przez GeoPard<\/a> stale ro\u015bnie. Zesp\u00f3\u0142 GeoPard wprowadza znormalizowany r\u00f3\u017cnicowy wska\u017anik wilgotno\u015bci (NDMI). Wska\u017anik ten okre\u015bla zawarto\u015b\u0107 wody w ro\u015blinno\u015bci i znormalizowany r\u00f3\u017cnicowy wska\u017anik wilgotno\u015bci (NDWI). Jest on przydatny do wyszukiwania miejsc z istniej\u0105cymi stres wodny u ro\u015blin<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ni\u017csze warto\u015bci NDMI oznaczaj\u0105 miejsca, w kt\u00f3rych ro\u015bliny s\u0105 nara\u017cone na stres z powodu niedostatecznej wilgoci.
Z drugiej strony, ni\u017csze znormalizowane warto\u015bci wska\u017anika r\u00f3\u017cnicy wody po szczycie wegetacji uwydatniaj\u0105 miejsca, kt\u00f3re staj\u0105 si\u0119 gotowe do zbioru<\/strong> Pierwszy.<\/p>\r\n

\"R\u00f3\u017cnica

R\u00f3\u017cnica w wzgl\u0119dnej zawarto\u015bci wody w ro\u015blinno\u015bci na dw\u00f3ch obrazach satelitarnych (w tym przypadku konstelacji Sentinel-2)<\/p><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Na poni\u017cszych zrzutach ekranu mo\u017cna znale\u017a\u0107 strefy NDMI wygenerowane na podstawie zdj\u0119\u0107 satelitarnych z 19 czerwca (szczyt wegetacji) i 6 lipca, a tak\u017ce map\u0119 r\u00f3wna\u0144 reprezentuj\u0105c\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cnic\u0119 NDMI.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"ZnormalizowanyNDMI obliczone na podstawie obrazu Planet\/Sentinel-2\/Landsat<\/p>\r\n

Co to jest wska\u017anik wilgotno\u015bci?<\/h2>\r\n

Jest to miara lub obliczenie s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ce do oceny zawarto\u015bci lub dost\u0119pno\u015bci wilgoci w okre\u015blonym obszarze lub regionie. Zazwyczaj jest ono obliczane na podstawie r\u00f3\u017cnych czynnik\u00f3w \u015brodowiskowych, takich jak opady, parowanie, w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci gleby i pokrywa ro\u015blinna.<\/p>\r\n

Daje wzgl\u0119dne wskaz\u00f3wki dotycz\u0105ce wilgotno\u015bci lub sucho\u015bci danego obszaru, pomagaj\u0105c zidentyfikowa\u0107 potencjalny stres wodny lub warunki suszy.<\/p>\r\n

Jest to cenne narz\u0119dzie s\u0142u\u017c\u0105ce do monitorowania i zarz\u0105dzania zasobami wodnymi, planowania rolnictwa i zrozumienia warunk\u00f3w ekologicznych danego regionu.<\/p>\r\n

Czym jest znormalizowany r\u00f3\u017cnicowy wska\u017anik wilgotno\u015bci?<\/h2>\r\n

Znormalizowany r\u00f3\u017cnicowy wska\u017anik wilgotno\u015bci (NDMI) to wska\u017anik ro\u015blinno\u015bci wywodz\u0105cy si\u0119 z danych teledetekcyjnych, s\u0142u\u017c\u0105cy do oceny i monitorowania zawarto\u015bci wilgoci w ro\u015blinno\u015bci. Podobnie jak inne wska\u017aniki ro\u015blinno\u015bci, jest on obliczany na podstawie warto\u015bci odbicia widmowego z obraz\u00f3w satelitarnych lub lotniczych.<\/p>\r\n

Jest on szczeg\u00f3lnie przydatny przy monitorowaniu stresu wodnego ro\u015blin, ocenie warunk\u00f3w suszy, szacowaniu ryzyka po\u017caru i badaniu wp\u0142ywu zmian klimatycznych na ro\u015blinno\u015b\u0107.<\/p>\r\n

Oblicza si\u0119 go z wykorzystaniem pasm bliskiej podczerwieni (NIR) i podczerwieni kr\u00f3tkofalowej (SWIR), kt\u00f3re s\u0105 wra\u017cliwe na zawarto\u015b\u0107 wilgoci w ro\u015blinno\u015bci. Wz\u00f3r na NDMI jest nast\u0119puj\u0105cy:<\/p>\r\n

NDMI<\/strong> = (NIR \u2013 SWIR) \/ (NIR + SWIR)<\/em><\/p>\r\n

Warto\u015bci NDWI zazwyczaj mieszcz\u0105 si\u0119 w zakresie od -1 do 1, przy czym wy\u017csze warto\u015bci wskazuj\u0105 na wy\u017csz\u0105 wilgotno\u015b\u0107 ro\u015blinno\u015bci, a ni\u017csze na ni\u017csz\u0105 wilgotno\u015b\u0107 lub stres wodny w ro\u015blinno\u015bci. Ujemne warto\u015bci NDMI mog\u0105 by\u0107 zwi\u0105zane z obszarami pozbawionymi ro\u015blinno\u015bci lub obszarami o bardzo niskiej wilgotno\u015bci.<\/p>\r\n

Czym jest NDWI?<\/h2>\r\n

NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) to wska\u017anik teledetekcyjny s\u0142u\u017c\u0105cy do ilo\u015bciowego okre\u015blania i oceny zawarto\u015bci wody lub cech zwi\u0105zanych z wod\u0105 w ro\u015blinno\u015bci lub krajobrazie.<\/p>\r\n

Oblicza si\u0119 go, analizuj\u0105c wsp\u00f3\u0142czynnik odbicia pasm \u015bwiat\u0142a bliskiej podczerwieni i \u015bwiat\u0142a zielonego ze zdj\u0119\u0107 satelitarnych lub lotniczych. Jest on szczeg\u00f3lnie przydatny do identyfikacji zbiornik\u00f3w wodnych, monitorowania zmian dost\u0119pno\u015bci wody oraz oceny stanu ro\u015blinno\u015bci.<\/p>\r\n

Por\u00f3wnuj\u0105c absorpcj\u0119 i odbicie r\u00f3\u017cnych d\u0142ugo\u015bci fal, urz\u0105dzenie dostarcza cennych informacji do zastosowa\u0144 takich jak monitorowanie suszy, analiza hydrologiczna i zarz\u0105dzanie ekosystemami.<\/p>\r\n

Wizualizacja NDMI w celu okre\u015blenia znormalizowanego r\u00f3\u017cnicowego wska\u017anika wody<\/h2>\r\n

Wizualizacja NDMI obejmuje przetwarzanie zdj\u0119\u0107 satelitarnych lub lotniczych, obliczanie warto\u015bci NDMI, a nast\u0119pnie wy\u015bwietlanie wynik\u00f3w w postaci mapy lub obrazu z kodem kolor\u00f3w. Oto og\u00f3lne kroki wizualizacji NDMI:<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n
  • Uzyskaj zdj\u0119cia satelitarne lub lotnicze:<\/strong> Uzyskaj obrazy wielospektralne z satelity lub platformy lotniczej, takiej jak Landsat, Sentinel lub MODIS. Upewnij si\u0119, \u017ce obrazy obejmuj\u0105 niezb\u0119dne pasma: blisk\u0105 podczerwie\u0144 (NIR) i podczerwie\u0144 kr\u00f3tkofalow\u0105 (SWIR).<\/li>\r\n
  • Wst\u0119pne przetwarzanie obrazu:<\/strong> W zale\u017cno\u015bci od \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a danych, konieczne mo\u017ce by\u0107 wst\u0119pne przetworzenie obrazu w celu skorygowania zniekszta\u0142ce\u0144 atmosferycznych, geometrycznych i radiometrycznych. Przekszta\u0142\u0107 liczby cyfrowe (DN) na obrazie na warto\u015bci wsp\u00f3\u0142czynnika odbicia widmowego.<\/li>\r\n
  • Oblicz NDMI:<\/strong> Dla ka\u017cdego piksela na obrazie u\u017cyj warto\u015bci odbicia NIR i SWIR, aby obliczy\u0107 NDMI przy u\u017cyciu wzoru: NDMI = (NIR \u2013 SWIR) \/ (NIR + SWIR).<\/li>\r\n
  • Mapowanie kolor\u00f3w:<\/strong> Przypisz palet\u0119 kolor\u00f3w do warto\u015bci NDMI. Zazwyczaj stosuje si\u0119 ci\u0105g\u0142\u0105 skal\u0119 kolor\u00f3w, od jednego koloru (np. czerwonego) dla niskich warto\u015bci NDMI (oznaczaj\u0105cych nisk\u0105 zawarto\u015b\u0107 wilgoci) do innego koloru (np. zielonego) dla wysokich warto\u015bci NDMI (oznaczaj\u0105cych wysok\u0105 zawarto\u015b\u0107 wilgoci). Do utworzenia mapy kolor\u00f3w mo\u017cna u\u017cy\u0107 oprogramowania takiego jak QGIS, ArcGIS lub bibliotek programistycznych, takich jak Rasterio i Matplotlib w Pythonie.<\/li>\r\n
  • Wizualizuj map\u0119 NDMI:<\/strong> Wy\u015bwietl map\u0119 lub obraz NDMI za pomoc\u0105 oprogramowania GIS, biblioteki programistycznej lub platformy online. Pozwoli Ci to przeanalizowa\u0107 przestrzenny rozk\u0142ad wilgotno\u015bci ro\u015blinno\u015bci i zidentyfikowa\u0107 obszary niedoboru wody lub wysokiej wilgotno\u015bci.<\/li>\r\n
  • Interpretacja i analiza:<\/strong> U\u017cyj wizualizacji NDWI do oceny stanu ro\u015blinno\u015bci, monitorowania warunk\u00f3w suszy lub oceny ryzyka po\u017caru. Mo\u017cesz r\u00f3wnie\u017c por\u00f3wnywa\u0107 znormalizowane mapy r\u00f3\u017cnic wska\u017anik\u00f3w wody z r\u00f3\u017cnych okres\u00f3w, aby analizowa\u0107 zmiany wilgotno\u015bci ro\u015blinno\u015bci w czasie.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

    Pami\u0119taj, \u017ce r\u00f3\u017cne narz\u0119dzia programistyczne lub biblioteki programistyczne mog\u0105 mie\u0107 nieco inne przep\u0142ywy pracy, ale og\u00f3lny proces b\u0119dzie podobny. Dodatkowo, mo\u017cesz na\u0142o\u017cy\u0107 inne warstwy danych, takie jak u\u017cytkowanie terenu, wysoko\u015b\u0107 nad poziomem morza czy granice administracyjne, aby usprawni\u0107 analiz\u0119 i lepiej zrozumie\u0107 zale\u017cno\u015bci mi\u0119dzy wilgotno\u015bci\u0105 ro\u015blinno\u015bci a innymi czynnikami.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Liczba indeks\u00f3w ro\u015blinno\u015bci obs\u0142ugiwanych przez GeoPard stale ro\u015bnie. Zesp\u00f3\u0142 GeoPard wprowadza znormalizowany r\u00f3\u017cnicowy wska\u017anik wilgotno\u015bci (NDMI). Wska\u017anik ten okre\u015bla wilgotno\u015b\u0107 ro\u015blinno\u015bci\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":5620,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1586,1372,1377,1376,1378,1379],"tags":[1619,1618],"class_list":["post-5618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-product-features","category-blog","category-crop-monitoring","category-management-zones","category-remote-sensing","category-soil-data","tag-normalized-difference-vegetation-index","tag-crop-monitoring"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNormalized Difference Moisture Index - GeoPard Agriculture<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"GeoPard team introduces the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI). 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