Mazajiem lauksaimniekiem ir iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161a loma pasaules p\u0101rtikas ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101, ta\u010du vi\u0146i saskaras ar daudz\u0101m probl\u0113m\u0101m, s\u0101kot no resursu ierobe\u017eojumiem l\u012bdz neparedzamiem vides faktoriem. \u0160aj\u0101 tehnolo\u0123isk\u0101s att\u012bst\u012bbas laikmet\u0101 bezpilota lidapar\u0101ti (UAV), pla\u0161\u0101k paz\u012bstami k\u0101 droni, ir k\u013cuvu\u0161i par p\u0101rveidojo\u0161u sp\u0113ku mazo lauksaimnieku lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101.<\/p>\n
\u0160ie gaisa transportl\u012bdzek\u013ci pied\u0101v\u0101 risin\u0101jumus, kas potenci\u0101li var revolucioniz\u0113t lauksaimniec\u012bbas praksi un uzlabot mazo lauksaimnieku dz\u012bvi.<\/p>\n
Lai patiesi izprastu dronu potenci\u0101lu un ietekmi uz mazajiem lauksaimniekiem paredz\u0113taj\u0101m lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101m, p\u0113tnieki ir veiku\u0161i padzi\u013cin\u0101tu eso\u0161o p\u0113t\u012bjumu un tenden\u010du anal\u012bzi \u0161aj\u0101 jom\u0101. Vi\u0146u g\u016bt\u0101s atzi\u0146as izgaismo bezpilota lidapar\u0101tu aizraujo\u0161o lomu lauksaimniec\u012bbas inov\u0101cij\u0101s.<\/p>\n
P\u0113t\u012bjums liecina, ka dronu izmanto\u0161ana mazo saimniec\u012bbu lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101 pieaug. P\u0113d\u0113jo gadu laik\u0101 ir iev\u0113rojami palielin\u0101jusies interese par \u0161o tehnolo\u0123iju un invest\u012bcijas taj\u0101. Kop\u0161 2016.\u00a0gada saliktais gada pieauguma temps ir aptuveni 31%, kas liecina par pieaugo\u0161u dronu v\u0113rt\u012bbas atz\u012b\u0161anu lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101.<\/p>\n
Dronu izmanto\u0161ana lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101 k\u013c\u016bst par galveno p\u0113tniec\u012bbas uzman\u012bbas objektu, un tas atspogu\u013cojas akad\u0113miskaj\u0101 aprind\u0101s. \u017durn\u0101li, piem\u0113ram, \u201cDrones\u201d un \u201cRemote Sensing\u201d, ir k\u013cuvu\u0161i par l\u012bderiem p\u0113t\u012bjumu public\u0113\u0161an\u0101 saist\u012bb\u0101 ar bezpilota lidapar\u0101tiem lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101, ar aptuveni 35% no kop\u0113j\u0101m publik\u0101cij\u0101m \u0161aj\u0101 jom\u0101. Starp \u0161iem \u017eurn\u0101liem \u201cDrones\u201d izce\u013cas ar visliel\u0101ko cit\u0113\u0161anas skaitu, kas uzsver t\u0101 noz\u012bmi.<\/p>\n
Glob\u0101laj\u0101 bezpilota lidapar\u0101tu (UAV) pielietojuma ainav\u0101 mazo saimniec\u012bbu lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101 p\u0113tnieki ir identific\u0113ju\u0161i 14 valstis k\u0101 akt\u012bvus dal\u012bbniekus. J\u0101atz\u012bm\u0113, ka \u0136\u012bna, Dienvid\u0101frika, Nig\u0113rija, \u0160veice un ASV ir \u0161\u012b p\u0113t\u012bjuma priek\u0161gal\u0101.<\/p>\n
\u0136\u012bna past\u0101v\u012bgi ierindojas starp piec\u0101m visvair\u0101k cit\u0113taj\u0101m valst\u012bm, kas nor\u0101da uz t\u0101s sp\u0113c\u012bgo kl\u0101tb\u016btni \u0161aj\u0101 jom\u0101. Lai gan liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca p\u0113t\u012bjumu notiek valsts ietvaros, ir s\u0101ku\u0161as veidoties ar\u012b starptautiskas sadarb\u012bbas.<\/p>\n
Turkl\u0101t p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 ir izcelts 131 autora ieguld\u012bjums, kuri ar sav\u0101m 23 publik\u0101cij\u0101m ir b\u016btiski ietekm\u0113ju\u0161i \u0161o jomu. Iev\u0113rojami autori, piem\u0113ram, Vimbaji \u010cimonjo, Alisters Klulovs, Tafadzvanashe Mabhaudhi un Mbulisi Sibanda, ir akt\u012bvi iesaist\u012bju\u0161ies dronu izmanto\u0161anas veicin\u0101\u0161an\u0101 mazo saimniec\u012bbu lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101.<\/p>\n
Run\u0101jot par cit\u0101tiem, Ola Hols un Magnuss Jirstr\u0113ms ir vieni no atz\u012bt\u0101kajiem, kas nor\u0101da uz vi\u0146u b\u016btisko ietekmi \u0161aj\u0101 t\u0113m\u0101.<\/p>\n
Kult\u016braugu att\u012bst\u012bbas uzraudz\u012bba un ra\u017eas nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161ana k\u013c\u016bst par galvenajiem bezpilota lidapar\u0101tu (UAV) pielietojumiem mazo saimniec\u012bbu lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101. Droni nodro\u0161ina unik\u0101lu skatu punktu, lai nov\u0113rt\u0113tu kult\u016braugu vesel\u012bbu un sparu vis\u0101 aug\u0161anas sezon\u0101.<\/p>\n
Tie var atkl\u0101t t\u0101das probl\u0113mas k\u0101 \u016bdens stress, slim\u012bbas un bar\u012bbas vielu tr\u016bkums. Analiz\u0113jot kult\u016braugu atstaro\u0161anas datus, mazie lauksaimnieki var laikus iejaukties un nov\u0113rst iev\u0113rojamus ra\u017eas zudumus. No bezpilota lidapar\u0101tiem ieg\u016btie ve\u0123et\u0101cijas indeksi, tostarp NDVI, EVI un SAVI, sp\u0113l\u0113 iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161u lomu kult\u016braugu att\u012bst\u012bbas nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161an\u0101.<\/p>\n
M\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cu lieto\u0161anas optimiz\u0113\u0161ana ir kritiski svar\u012bgs prec\u012bz\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas aspekts. Bezpilota lidapar\u0101ti (UAV) pal\u012bdz mazajiem lauksaimniekiem \u0161aj\u0101 darb\u0101, nov\u0113rt\u0113jot lapu hlorofila saturu, kas ir cie\u0161i saist\u012bts ar lapu sl\u0101pekli.<\/p>\n
\u0160\u012b inform\u0101cija pal\u012bdz lauksaimniekiem pie\u0146emt pamatotus l\u0113mumus par m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cu lieto\u0161anu. P\u0113t\u012bjumi liecina, ka no bezpilota lidapar\u0101tiem ieg\u016btie dati var uzlabot m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cu efektivit\u0101ti par aptuveni 10%.<\/p>\n
Prec\u012bza kart\u0113\u0161ana ir v\u0113l viena joma, kur\u0101 droni izce\u013cas. Ar augstas iz\u0161\u0137irtsp\u0113jas att\u0113lu un ma\u0161\u012bnm\u0101c\u012b\u0161an\u0101s pal\u012bdz\u012bbu bezpilota lidapar\u0101ti pal\u012bdz mazajiem lauksaimniekiem prec\u012bzi kart\u0113t savus laukus. \u0160\u012b tehnolo\u0123ija ir prec\u012bz\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas pamat\u0101, jo t\u0101 inform\u0113 par zemes izmanto\u0161anu un kult\u016braugu kart\u0113\u0161anu.<\/p>\n
P\u0101rskat\u012btajos p\u0113t\u012bjumos algoritmu apm\u0101c\u012bbas metodes parasti ietv\u0113ra zemes uzm\u0113r\u012bjumu vai augstas iz\u0161\u0137irtsp\u0113jas att\u0113lu izmanto\u0161anu. Att\u0113lu klasifik\u0101cijai tiek izmantoti t\u0101di algoritmi k\u0101 nejau\u0161a me\u017ea algoritms, atbalsta vektoru ma\u0161\u012bnas un dzi\u013ci neironu t\u012bkli, padarot kult\u016braugu kart\u0113\u0161anu prec\u012bz\u0101ku.<\/p>\n
Lai gan dronu potenci\u0101ls mazo lauksaimnieku lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101 ir ac\u012bmredzams, ir svar\u012bgi atz\u012bt izaicin\u0101jumus, kas rodas to ievie\u0161anas rezult\u0101t\u0101.<\/p>\n
1. Nepietiekamu in situ datu tr\u016bkums<\/strong>Daudzi mode\u013ci ir atkar\u012bgi no kvalitat\u012bvu in situ datu pieejam\u012bbas izstr\u0101dei un valid\u0101cijai. \u0160\u0101di dati ne vienm\u0113r ir viegli pieejami un to darb\u012bbas joma var b\u016bt ierobe\u017eota.<\/p>\n 2. Da\u017e\u0101di bezpilota lidapar\u0101tu (UAV) veidi un lietder\u012bg\u0101 slodze:<\/strong> Droni ir pieejami da\u017e\u0101dos izm\u0113ros un veidos, katram no tiem ir at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgas iesp\u0113jas. To lidojuma laiks un kravnes\u012bba var neb\u016bt piem\u0113rota liela m\u0113roga lauksaimniec\u012bbas vajadz\u012bb\u0101m.<\/p>\n 3. J\u016bt\u012bba pret laikapst\u0101k\u013ciem<\/strong>Laika apst\u0101k\u013ci var b\u016btiski ietekm\u0113t datu v\u0101k\u0161anu ar droniem. Stiprs v\u0113j\u0161 un lietus var rad\u012bt probl\u0113mas datu v\u0101k\u0161an\u0101.<\/p>\n 4. Pieejam\u012bba<\/strong>Dronu ekspluat\u0101cija un datu apstr\u0101des programmat\u016bras ieg\u0101de var b\u016bt d\u0101rga, \u012bpa\u0161i naudas tr\u016bkum\u0101 non\u0101ku\u0161ajiem mazajiem lauksaimniekiem.<\/p>\n 5. Tehnisk\u0101 ekspert\u012bze:<\/strong> Dronu ekspluat\u0101cijai un apkopei, k\u0101 ar\u012b datu apstr\u0101dei ir nepiecie\u0161amas specializ\u0113tas prasmes, kas ne vienm\u0113r ir viegli pieejamas.<\/p>\n 6. Normat\u012bvie akti<\/strong>Stingri noteikumi, ko nosaka potenci\u0101lie riski, kas saist\u012bti ar bezpilota lidapar\u0101tu (UAV) ekspluat\u0101ciju, var ierobe\u017eot to izmanto\u0161anu vai rad\u012bt nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu ieg\u016bt pilota licenci.<\/p>\n 7. Skait\u013co\u0161anas resursi<\/strong>Dronu \u0123ener\u0113to milz\u012bgo datu apjomu apstr\u0101de var b\u016bt skait\u013co\u0161anas zi\u0146\u0101 intens\u012bva, un tai var b\u016bt nepiecie\u0161ami papildu resursi un apm\u0101c\u012bba.<\/p>\n Tom\u0113r \u0161\u012bs probl\u0113mas rada daudzas iesp\u0113jas:<\/p>\n 1. Da\u017e\u0101di pielietojumi prec\u012bzaj\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101:<\/strong> Droni pied\u0101v\u0101 da\u017e\u0101dus pielietojumus prec\u012bzaj\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101, ne tikai kult\u016braugu uzraudz\u012bbu un kart\u0113\u0161anu, bet ar\u012b integr\u0113tu nez\u0101\u013cu apkaro\u0161anu, \u016bdens izmanto\u0161anas nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anu, ap\u016bde\u0146o\u0161anas \u016bdens kvalit\u0101tes un daudzuma nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anu, augsnes \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu kart\u0113\u0161anu un main\u012bgas devas recep\u0161u kartes pestic\u012bdu p\u0101rvald\u012bbai.<\/p>\n 2. Daudzpus\u012bgi dati l\u0113mumu atbalstam:<\/strong> Dronu sniegtie daudzveid\u012bgie dati paver durvis l\u0113mumu atbalsta r\u012bku izstr\u0101dei, kas var vienlaikus risin\u0101t vair\u0101kus m\u0113r\u0137us.<\/p>\n 3. Uzlabotas m\u0101ko\u0146dato\u0161anas platformas<\/strong>T\u0101das platformas k\u0101 Google Earth Engine pied\u0101v\u0101 jaunas iesp\u0113jas bezpilota lidapar\u0101tu datu apstr\u0101dei un anal\u012bzei.<\/p>\n 4. Siner\u0123ija starp droniem un satel\u012btiem<\/strong>Droni un satel\u012bti var sniegt papildino\u0161us datus da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m lietojumprogramm\u0101m, un ir nepiecie\u0161ami p\u0113t\u012bjumi, lai atrais\u012btu to potenci\u0101lo siner\u0123iju.<\/p>\n 5. Pieejas vid\u0113m ar ierobe\u017eotu datu apjomu:<\/strong> Inov\u0101cijas padara datu tr\u016bkumu maz\u0101k trauc\u0113jo\u0161u, ko apliecina pieejas, kur\u0101m nepiecie\u0161ami minim\u0101li in situ dati, un p\u0101rneses m\u0101c\u012bbu metodes.<\/p>\n 6. Izmaksu un ieguvumu anal\u012bze:<\/strong> Dronu tehnolo\u0123iju un citu t\u0101lizp\u0113tes meto\u017eu izmaksu sal\u012bdzin\u0101jums atkl\u0101s to pieejam\u012bbu un ieguvumus.<\/p>\n 7. Sievie\u0161u iesp\u0113ju papla\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101:<\/strong> Prec\u012bz\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas ievie\u0161ana, ko veicina droni, var dot iesp\u0113ju sieviet\u0113m mazaj\u0101s lauku saimniec\u012bb\u0101s un uzlabot vi\u0146u sp\u0113ju risin\u0101t probl\u0113mas un n\u0101kotnes nenoteikt\u012bbu.<\/p>\n 8. Jaunatnes iesaist\u012b\u0161ana:<\/strong> Lauksaimniec\u012bbas moderniz\u0101cija, izmantojot uz bezpilota lidapar\u0101tiem (UAV) balst\u012btu prec\u012bzo lauksaimniec\u012bbu, var stimul\u0113t jaunie\u0161u interesi par lauksaimniec\u012bbu, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di veicinot nozares ilgm\u016b\u017e\u012bbu un notur\u012bbu.<\/p>\n Nosl\u0113gum\u0101 j\u0101saka, ka dronu integr\u0101cija mazo lauksaimnieku lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101 var\u0113tu p\u0101rveidot miljonu mazo lauksaimnieku iztikas l\u012bdzek\u013cus. Nodro\u0161inot inovat\u012bvus risin\u0101jumus kult\u016braugu uzraudz\u012bbai, m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cu p\u0101rvald\u012bbai un kart\u0113\u0161anai, droni sniedz lauksaimniekiem v\u0113rt\u012bgu ieskatu p\u0101rdom\u0101tu l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161an\u0101. Neskatoties uz izaicin\u0101jumiem, mazo lauksaimnieku lauksaimniec\u012bbas n\u0101kotne ar droniem ir pilna ar iesp\u0113j\u0101m. Strauji att\u012bsto\u0161\u0101s tehnolo\u0123ijas apvienojum\u0101 ar to izmaksu samazin\u0101\u0161anos paver jaunas durvis lauksaimniec\u012bbas nozarei un pied\u0101v\u0101 sol\u012bjumu par p\u0101rtikas nodro\u0161in\u0101jumu, vides ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bbu un ekonomisko labkl\u0101j\u012bbu lauksaimniec\u012bbas kopien\u0101m vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" S\u012bksaimniec\u012bbu \u012bpa\u0161niekiem ir iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161a loma pasaules p\u0101rtikas ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101, ta\u010du vi\u0146i saskaras ar daudz\u0101m probl\u0113m\u0101m, s\u0101kot no resursu ierobe\u017eojumiem l\u012bdz neparedzamiem vides faktoriem. \u0160aj\u0101 laikmet\u0101\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210249433,"featured_media":8693,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1377],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-crop-monitoring"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSecin\u0101jums<\/h2>\n