{"id":5618,"date":"2022-10-07T15:35:41","date_gmt":"2022-10-07T13:35:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=5618"},"modified":"2026-09-13T10:54:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-13T08:54:54","slug":"normalizets-mitruma-indeksa-starpibas-ndmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/lv\/blog\/normalized-difference-moisture-index-ndmi\/","title":{"rendered":"Normaliz\u0113tais mitruma indekss"},"content":{"rendered":"

Skaits GeoPard atbalst\u012btie ve\u0123et\u0101cijas indeksi<\/a> nep\u0101rtraukti aug. GeoPard komanda ievie\u0161 normaliz\u0113to mitruma starp\u012bbas indeksu (NDMI). Indekss nosaka ve\u0123et\u0101cijas \u016bdens saturu un normaliz\u0113to mitruma starp\u012bbas indeksu (NDWI). Tas ir noder\u012bgi, lai atrastu vietas ar eso\u0161iem \u016bdens stress augos<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Zem\u0101kas NDMI v\u0113rt\u012bbas iez\u012bm\u0113 vietas, kur augi ir pak\u013cauti stresam nepietiekama mitruma d\u0113\u013c.
No otras puses, zem\u0101kas normaliz\u0113t\u0101s starp\u012bbas \u016bdens indeksa v\u0113rt\u012bbas p\u0113c ve\u0123et\u0101cijas maksimuma izce\u013c vietas, kas k\u013c\u016bst gatavs ra\u017eas nov\u0101k\u0161anai<\/strong> pirmais.<\/p>\r\n

\"Ve\u0123et\u0101cijas

Ve\u0123et\u0101cijas relat\u012bv\u0101 \u016bdens satura at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba starp diviem satel\u012btatt\u0113liem (\u0161aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 Sentinel-2 zvaigzn\u0101ju)<\/p><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Turpm\u0101kajos ekr\u0101nuz\u0146\u0113mumos var atrast NDMI zonas, kas \u0123ener\u0113tas, pamatojoties uz 19. j\u016bnija (ve\u0123et\u0101cijas maksimuma) un 6. j\u016blija satel\u012btatt\u0113liem, un vien\u0101dojumu karti, kas att\u0113lo NDMI starp\u012bbu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"Normaliz\u0113tsNDMI apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101ts uz plan\u0113tas virsmas \/ Sentinel-2 \/ Landsat att\u0113ls<\/p>\r\n

Kas ir mitruma indekss?<\/h2>\r\n

Tas ir m\u0113r\u012bjums vai apr\u0113\u0137ins, ko izmanto, lai nov\u0113rt\u0113tu mitruma saturu vai pieejam\u012bbu noteikt\u0101 apgabal\u0101 vai re\u0123ion\u0101. To parasti ieg\u016bst no da\u017e\u0101diem vides faktoriem, piem\u0113ram, nokri\u0161\u0146iem, iztvaiko\u0161anas, augsnes \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m un ve\u0123et\u0101cijas seguma.<\/p>\r\n

Tas sniedz relat\u012bvu nor\u0101di par apgabala mitrumu vai sausumu, pal\u012bdzot noteikt iesp\u0113jamu \u016bdens tr\u016bkumu vai sausuma apst\u0101k\u013cus.<\/p>\r\n

Tas ir v\u0113rt\u012bgs instruments \u016bdens resursu uzraudz\u012bbai un p\u0101rvald\u012bbai, lauksaimniec\u012bbas pl\u0101no\u0161anai un konkr\u0113ta re\u0123iona ekolo\u0123isko apst\u0101k\u013cu izpratnei.<\/p>\r\n

Kas ir normaliz\u0113tais mitruma indeksa starp\u012bba?<\/h2>\r\n

Normaliz\u0113tais mitruma starp\u012bbas indekss (NDMI) ir ve\u0123et\u0101cijas indekss, kas ieg\u016bts no t\u0101lizp\u0113tes datiem, lai nov\u0113rt\u0113tu un uzraudz\u012btu ve\u0123et\u0101cijas mitruma saturu. T\u0101pat k\u0101 citi ve\u0123et\u0101cijas indeksi, tas tiek apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101ts, izmantojot spektr\u0101l\u0101s atstaro\u0161anas v\u0113rt\u012bbas no satel\u012bta vai aerofotoatt\u0113liem.<\/p>\r\n

Tas ir \u012bpa\u0161i noder\u012bgi augu \u016bdens stresa uzraudz\u012bb\u0101, sausuma apst\u0101k\u013cu nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161an\u0101, ugunsgr\u0113ku riska apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101\u0161an\u0101 un klimata p\u0101rmai\u0146u ietekmes uz ve\u0123et\u0101ciju izp\u0113t\u0113.<\/p>\r\n

To apr\u0113\u0137ina, izmantojot tuv\u0101 infrasarkan\u0101 (NIR) un \u012bsvi\u013c\u0146u infrasarkan\u0101 (SWIR) diapazona diapazonus, kas ir jut\u012bgi pret mitruma saturu ve\u0123et\u0101cij\u0101. NDMI formula ir:<\/p>\r\n

NDMI<\/strong> = (tuv\u0101kais starojums \u2013 SWIR) \/ (tuv\u0101kais starojums + SWIR)<\/em><\/p>\r\n

NDWI v\u0113rt\u012bbas parasti sv\u0101rst\u0101s no -1 l\u012bdz 1, kur augst\u0101kas v\u0113rt\u012bbas nor\u0101da uz augst\u0101ku ve\u0123et\u0101cijas mitruma saturu, bet zem\u0101kas v\u0113rt\u012bbas - uz zem\u0101ku mitruma saturu vai \u016bdens stresu ve\u0123et\u0101cij\u0101. Negat\u012bvas NDMI v\u0113rt\u012bbas var b\u016bt saist\u012btas ar apgabaliem bez ve\u0123et\u0101cijas vai apgabaliem ar \u013coti zemu mitruma saturu.<\/p>\r\n

Kas ir NDWI?<\/h2>\r\n

NDWI jeb normaliz\u0113ts diferenci\u0101lais \u016bdens indekss ir t\u0101lizp\u0113tes indekss, ko izmanto, lai kvantitat\u012bvi noteiktu un nov\u0113rt\u0113tu \u016bdens saturu vai ar \u016bdeni saist\u012btas iez\u012bmes ve\u0123et\u0101cij\u0101 vai ainav\u0101s.<\/p>\r\n

To apr\u0113\u0137ina, analiz\u0113jot tuv\u0101 infrasarkan\u0101 un za\u013c\u0101s gaismas joslu atstaro\u0161anos no satel\u012bta vai aerofotoatt\u0113liem. Tas ir \u012bpa\u0161i noder\u012bgi \u016bdenstilp\u0146u identific\u0113\u0161anai, \u016bdens pieejam\u012bbas izmai\u0146u uzraudz\u012bbai un ve\u0123et\u0101cijas vesel\u012bbas nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anai.<\/p>\r\n

Sal\u012bdzinot da\u017e\u0101du vi\u013c\u0146u garumu absorbciju un atstaro\u0161anos, tas sniedz v\u0113rt\u012bgu inform\u0101ciju t\u0101d\u0101m lietojumprogramm\u0101m k\u0101 sausuma monitorings, hidrolo\u0123isk\u0101 anal\u012bze un ekosist\u0113mu p\u0101rvald\u012bba.<\/p>\r\n

NDMI vizualiz\u0101cija, lai noteiktu normaliz\u0113to \u016bdens indeksa starp\u012bbu<\/h2>\r\n

NDMI vizualiz\u0101cija ietver satel\u012bta vai aerofotoatt\u0113lu apstr\u0101di, NDMI v\u0113rt\u012bbu apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101\u0161anu un rezult\u0101tu att\u0113lo\u0161anu kr\u0101su kod\u0113t\u0101 kart\u0113 vai att\u0113l\u0101. T\u0101l\u0101k ir nor\u0101d\u012btas visp\u0101r\u012bg\u0101s NDMI vizualiz\u0101cijas darb\u012bbas.<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n
  • Ieg\u016bstiet satel\u012bta vai aerofotoatt\u0113lus:<\/strong> Ieg\u016bstiet multispektr\u0101lus att\u0113lus no satel\u012bta vai gaisa platformas, piem\u0113ram, Landsat, Sentinel vai MODIS. P\u0101rliecinieties, vai att\u0113los ir iek\u013cautas nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s joslas: tuvais infrasarkanais (NIR) un \u012bsvi\u013c\u0146u infrasarkanais (SWIR).<\/li>\r\n
  • Att\u0113lu iepriek\u0161\u0113ja apstr\u0101de:<\/strong> Atkar\u012bb\u0101 no datu avota, iesp\u0113jams, b\u016bs j\u0101veic att\u0113lu iepriek\u0161\u0113ja apstr\u0101de, lai labotu atmosf\u0113ras, \u0123eometriskos un radiometriskos krop\u013cojumus. P\u0101rveidojiet att\u0113l\u0101 eso\u0161os digit\u0101los skait\u013cus (DN) spektr\u0101l\u0101s atstaro\u0161anas v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101s.<\/li>\r\n
  • Apr\u0113\u0137iniet NDMI:<\/strong> Katram att\u0113la pikselim izmantojiet NIR un SWIR atstaro\u0161anas v\u0113rt\u012bbas, lai apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101tu NDMI, izmantojot formulu: NDMI = (NIR \u2013 SWIR) \/ (NIR + SWIR).<\/li>\r\n
  • Kr\u0101su kart\u0113\u0161ana:<\/strong> Pie\u0161\u0137iriet NDMI v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m kr\u0101su paleti. Parasti tiek izmantota nep\u0101rtraukta kr\u0101su skala, s\u0101kot no vienas kr\u0101sas (piem\u0113ram, sarkanas) zem\u0101m NDMI v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m (nor\u0101da zemu mitruma saturu) l\u012bdz citai kr\u0101sai (piem\u0113ram, za\u013cai) augst\u0101m NDMI v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m (nor\u0101da augstu mitruma saturu). Kr\u0101su kartes izveidei varat izmantot t\u0101du programmat\u016bru k\u0101 QGIS, ArcGIS vai programm\u0113\u0161anas bibliot\u0113kas, piem\u0113ram, Python Rasterio un Matplotlib.<\/li>\r\n
  • Vizualiz\u0113jiet NDMI karti:<\/strong> Izmantojot \u0122IS programmat\u016bru, programm\u0113\u0161anas bibliot\u0113ku vai tie\u0161saistes platformu, att\u0113lojiet NDMI karti vai att\u0113lu. Tas \u013caus analiz\u0113t ve\u0123et\u0101cijas mitruma satura telpisko sadal\u012bjumu un noteikt \u016bdens stresa vai augsta mitruma zonas.<\/li>\r\n
  • Interpret\u0101cija un anal\u012bze:<\/strong> Izmantojiet NDWI vizualiz\u0101ciju, lai nov\u0113rt\u0113tu ve\u0123et\u0101cijas vesel\u012bbu, uzraudz\u012btu sausuma apst\u0101k\u013cus vai nov\u0113rt\u0113tu ugunsgr\u0113ku risku. Varat ar\u012b sal\u012bdzin\u0101t normaliz\u0113t\u0101s diferenci\u0101l\u0101 \u016bdens indeksa kartes no da\u017e\u0101diem laika periodiem, lai analiz\u0113tu ve\u0123et\u0101cijas mitruma satura izmai\u0146as laika gait\u0101.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

    Atcerieties, ka da\u017e\u0101diem programmat\u016bras r\u012bkiem vai programm\u0113\u0161anas bibliot\u0113k\u0101m var b\u016bt nedaudz at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgas darbpl\u016bsmas, ta\u010du kop\u0113jais process b\u016bs l\u012bdz\u012bgs. Turkl\u0101t varat p\u0101rkl\u0101t citus datu sl\u0101\u0146us, piem\u0113ram, zemes izmanto\u0161anu, augstumu vai administrat\u012bv\u0101s robe\u017eas, lai uzlabotu anal\u012bzi un lab\u0101k izprastu attiec\u012bbas starp ve\u0123et\u0101cijas mitruma saturu un citiem faktoriem.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    GeoPard atbalst\u012bto ve\u0123et\u0101cijas indeksu skaits nep\u0101rtraukti pieaug. GeoPard komanda ievie\u0161 normaliz\u0113to mitruma starp\u012bbas indeksu (NDMI). Indekss nosaka ve\u0123et\u0101cijas \u016bdens\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":5620,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1586,1372,1377,1376,1378,1379],"tags":[1618,1619],"class_list":["post-5618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-product-features","category-blog","category-crop-monitoring","category-management-zones","category-remote-sensing","category-soil-data","tag-crop-monitoring","tag-normalized-difference-vegetation-index"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNormalized Difference Moisture Index - GeoPard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"GeoPard team introduces the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI). 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