{"id":5114,"date":"2022-06-21T13:57:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-21T11:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=5114"},"modified":"2023-06-04T21:49:13","modified_gmt":"2023-06-04T19:49:13","slug":"razas-prognozesana-izmantojot-talizpetes-datus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/lv\/blog\/predicting-crop-yield-with-remote-sensing-data\/","title":{"rendered":"Raugu ra\u017eas prognoz\u0113\u0161ana, izmantojot t\u0101lizp\u0113tes datus, prec\u012bz\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lai prognoz\u0113tu ra\u017eu, mums ir j\u0101saprot, cik daudz saules gaismas augi sa\u0146em un cik daudz \u016bdens tiem nepiecie\u0161ams. Augu aug\u0161ana ir atkar\u012bga no \u0161iem diviem faktoriem, ta\u010du augu aug\u0161anu ietekm\u0113 daudzi citi faktori, piem\u0113ram, temperat\u016bra, mitrums un augsnes tips<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Pasaul\u0113 sara\u017eoto kult\u016braugu daudzums un kvalit\u0101te ir b\u016btisks faktors, kas ietekm\u0113 p\u0101rtikas nodro\u0161in\u0101jumu. Tas ir \u012bpa\u0161i svar\u012bgi jaunatt\u012bst\u012bbas valst\u012bs, kur lauksaimniec\u012bba joproj\u0101m ir svar\u012bga ekonomikas sast\u0101vda\u013ca.<\/p>\n

T\u0101lizp\u0113te<\/a> Datus var izmantot, lai nov\u0113rt\u0113tu augu sa\u0146emt\u0101s gaismas daudzumu un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di prognoz\u0113tu ra\u017eu. T\u0101lizp\u0113tes dati ir sp\u0113c\u012bgs instruments ra\u017eas nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anai. Tie sniedz inform\u0101ciju par augo\u0161aj\u0101m kult\u016br\u0101m un to vidi, \u013caujot nov\u0113rt\u0113t ra\u017eu.<\/p>\n

T\u0101lizp\u0113tes dati ir datu anal\u012bzes veids lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101, ko var izmantot, lai prognoz\u0113tu ra\u017eu pirms ra\u017eas nov\u0101k\u0161anas. \u0160aj\u0101 rakst\u0101 ir apl\u016bkots viss, kas jums j\u0101zina par t\u0101lizp\u0113tes datiem.<\/p>\n

Kas ir ra\u017eas dati lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101?<\/h2>\n

Ra\u017eas dati ir inform\u0101cija par lauksaimnieka vai lauksaimnieku grupas sara\u017eot\u0101s ra\u017eas apjomu. Tie ietver nov\u0101kt\u0101s ra\u017eas apjomu no hekt\u0101ra zemes. To var m\u0113r\u012bt tonn\u0101s, bu\u0161elos vai jebkur\u0101 cit\u0101 m\u0113rvien\u012bb\u0101 atkar\u012bb\u0101 no kult\u016brauga.<\/p>\n

Lauksaimniec\u012bbas nozar\u0113 ra\u017eas dati ir svar\u012bgi, jo tie var pal\u012bdz\u0113t lauksaimniekiem noteikt, cik daudz s\u0113t n\u0101kamaj\u0101 sezon\u0101. Turkl\u0101t ra\u017eas dati \u013cauj noteikt, vai ar vi\u0146u kult\u016braugiem ir k\u0101da probl\u0113ma, kas j\u0101risina.<\/p>\n

Ra\u017eas datus var izmantot ar\u012b, lai uzraudz\u012btu progresu vald\u012bbu, nevalstisko organiz\u0101ciju un citu ieinteres\u0113to personu noteikto glob\u0101lo m\u0113r\u0137u sasnieg\u0161an\u0101.<\/p>\n

Turkl\u0101t ra\u017eas dati tiek izmantoti, lai noteiktu lauksaimniec\u012bbas prakses stipr\u0101s un v\u0101j\u0101s puses un, pamatojoties uz \u0161o inform\u0101ciju, sniegtu ieteikumus. Ra\u017eas dati ir noder\u012bgi, lai pie\u0146emtu pamatotus l\u0113mumus par daudziem lauksaimniec\u012bbas aspektiem, piem\u0113ram:<\/p>\n

\"Datu<\/p>\n

S\u0113klu izv\u0113le:<\/strong> \u0160\u0137ir\u0146u un hibr\u012bdu izv\u0113le, pamatojoties uz ra\u017eas datiem, var pal\u012bdz\u0113t nodro\u0161in\u0101t, ka lauki tiek aps\u0113ti ar visienes\u012bg\u0101kaj\u0101m pieejamaj\u0101m s\u0113kl\u0101m.<\/p>\n

Kait\u0113k\u013cu apkaro\u0161ana:<\/strong> Uzraugot augu aug\u0161anu, ra\u017eas dati var pal\u012bdz\u0113t lauksaimniekiem noteikt, kad ieviest kait\u0113k\u013cu apkaro\u0161ana<\/a> pas\u0101kumi. Tas var samazin\u0101t pestic\u012bdu lieto\u0161anu un palielin\u0101t pe\u013c\u0146u.<\/p>\n

Ap\u016bde\u0146o\u0161anas pl\u0101no\u0161ana:<\/strong> Izmantojot inform\u0101ciju no ra\u017eas monitoriem, lauksaimnieki var prec\u012bzi piel\u0101got ap\u016bde\u0146o\u0161anas pl\u0101no\u0161anu, kas pal\u012bdz ietaup\u012bt \u016bdeni un naudu, vienlaikus saglab\u0101jot augstu ra\u017eu.<\/p>\n

Kas ir t\u0101lizp\u0113tes dati?<\/h2>\n

T\u0101lizp\u0113te ir zin\u0101tne par inform\u0101cijas ieg\u016b\u0161anu par objektu vai par\u0101d\u012bbu, neatrodoties tie\u0161\u0101 saskar\u0113 ar objektu un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di neiejaucoties. To izmanto lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101, lai uzraudz\u012btu kult\u016braugus, augsni un mitruma apst\u0101k\u013cus.<\/p>\n

T\u0101lizp\u0113t\u0113 tiek izmantota elektromagn\u0113tisk\u0101 starojuma (EMS) emisija, piem\u0113ram, radiovi\u013c\u0146u, mikrovi\u013c\u0146u, infrasarkan\u0101 starojuma, redzam\u0101s gaismas un ultraviolet\u0101 starojuma emisija.<\/p>\n

Kult\u016braugu t\u0101lizp\u0113te sniedz veidu, k\u0101 laika gait\u0101 izm\u0113r\u012bt kult\u016braugu aug\u0161anas apst\u0101k\u013cus. T\u0101 sniedz ar\u012b inform\u0101ciju par kult\u016braugu st\u0101vokli konkr\u0113tos laika un telpas punktos. \u0160o inform\u0101ciju var izmantot, lai nov\u0113rt\u0113tu kult\u016braugu ra\u017eu un sniegtu apl\u0113ses par ra\u017eas nov\u0101k\u0161anas laiku.<\/p>\n

T\u0101lizp\u0113tes datus var izmantot, lai m\u0113r\u012btu zemes izmanto\u0161anas izmai\u0146as, uzraudz\u012btu kult\u016braugu aug\u0161anu un lauksaimniec\u012bbas ra\u017eu, noteiktu augsnes mitruma un s\u0101\u013cuma l\u012bmeni, noteiktu kait\u0113k\u013cu inv\u0101zijas l\u012bmeni, uzraudz\u012btu vides pies\u0101r\u0146ojuma l\u012bmeni utt.<\/p>\n

Piem\u0113ram, ja j\u016bs ejat pa lauku un skat\u0101ties uz augiem, j\u016bs apkopojat datus par tiem. Ja j\u016bs braucat apk\u0101rt ar helikopteru vai lidma\u0161\u012bnu un skat\u0101ties uz augiem no aug\u0161as, j\u016bs apkopojat t\u0101lizp\u0113tes datus.<\/p>\n

\u0160o datu v\u0101k\u0161anai tiek izmantotas daudzas da\u017e\u0101das t\u0101lizp\u0113tes metodes un ier\u012bces: satel\u012btatt\u0113li, aerofotogr\u0101fijas, radaru sist\u0113mas, lidars un citas.<\/p>\n

Kas ir ra\u017eas prognoz\u0113\u0161ana?<\/h2>\n

Ra\u017eas prognoz\u0113\u0161ana ir process, kur\u0101 tiek nov\u0113rt\u0113ta konkr\u0113tas kult\u016bras potenci\u0101l\u0101 vai paredzam\u0101 ra\u017ea noteikt\u0101 apgabal\u0101 un aug\u0161anas sezon\u0101.<\/p>\n

Tas ietver da\u017e\u0101du faktoru, piem\u0113ram, laika apst\u0101k\u013cu, augsnes \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu, kult\u016braugu \u0123en\u0113tikas un apsaimnieko\u0161anas prakses, anal\u012bzi, lai izdar\u012btu pamatotas prognozes par iesp\u0113jamo ra\u017eu.<\/p>\n

Ir svar\u012bgi atz\u012bm\u0113t, ka kult\u016braugu ra\u017eas prognozes ir pak\u013cautas nenoteikt\u012bbai lauksaimniec\u012bbas sist\u0113mu sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u012bbas un neparedzamu faktoru, piem\u0113ram, kait\u0113k\u013cu, slim\u012bbu un ekstrem\u0101lu laikapst\u0101k\u013cu, ietekmes d\u0113\u013c.<\/p>\n

Lai gan prognoz\u0113\u0161anas mode\u013ci sniedz v\u0113rt\u012bgu ieskatu, tie kalpo k\u0101 instruments l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anas atbalstam, nevis k\u0101 absol\u016btas p\u0101rliec\u012bbas nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai.<\/p>\n

K\u0101 tas darbojas?<\/h2>\n

Turpm\u0101k min\u0113tie datu avoti tiek apvienoti, lai izveidotu da\u017e\u0101du sv\u0113rumu ra\u017eas prognozes skait\u013ciem, pamatojoties uz pa\u0161reiz\u0113jiem ra\u017eas sezonas apst\u0101k\u013ciem da\u017e\u0101dos re\u0123ionos.<\/p>\n

Farmers Edge datu zin\u0101tnieki apvieno \u0161os datu avotus ar jaun\u0101kajiem sasniegumiem ma\u0161\u012bnm\u0101c\u012b\u0161an\u0101s jom\u0101, lai atjaunin\u0101tu ra\u017eas progno\u017eu apl\u0113ses ikreiz, kad tiek trauc\u0113ta k\u0101da b\u016btiska ra\u017eas komponente.<\/p>\n

1. Pirmssezonas dati<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pirmssezonas datiem ir j\u0101b\u016bt prec\u012bziem, lai liktu pamatu ra\u017eas prognoz\u0113\u0161anai. \u0160\u012b inform\u0101cija ir pieejama pirms ra\u017eas s\u0113\u0161anas, un t\u0101 sagatavo augsni pirmajiem ra\u017eas prognoz\u0113\u0161anas r\u0101d\u012bjumiem.<\/p>\n

Dati, piem\u0113ram, lauka atra\u0161an\u0101s vieta, pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101s un iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s kult\u016bras, lauka specifiskie laikapst\u0101k\u013ci m\u0113ne\u0161us pirms s\u0113\u0161anas vai s\u0113\u0161anas, augsnes test\u0113\u0161anas inform\u0101cija un dati, k\u0101 ar\u012b re\u0123ion\u0101l\u0101s laikapst\u0101k\u013cu tendences p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101s desmitgades laik\u0101, tiek apvienoti, lai sniegtu ieskatu par to, k\u0101 s\u0101kt sezonu ar prec\u012bziem ra\u017eas skait\u013ciem, ko prognoz\u0113t.<\/p>\n

2. Sezonas dati<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sezonas dati sniedz ieskatu main\u012bgajos lielumos, kas ietekm\u0113 saimniec\u012bbas ra\u017eu vis\u0101 aug\u0161anas sezon\u0101 p\u0113c pamatu ielik\u0161anas.<\/p>\n

Farmers Edge saimniec\u012bb\u0101s uzst\u0101d\u012bt\u0101s meteorolo\u0123isk\u0101s stacijas sniedz uz lauku orient\u0113tus datus, kas uzlabo \u0161os datu kopumus, sniedzot paredzam\u0101s un prognoz\u0113t\u0101s v\u0113rt\u012bbas, kas tiek saglab\u0101tas un p\u0113c tam atiestat\u012btas, kad katru dienu tiek sa\u0146emti dati, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di uzlabojot mode\u013cus.<\/p>\n

Sezonas laik\u0101 tiek \u0146emti v\u0113r\u0101 ar\u012b citi sezonas dati, piem\u0113ram, m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cu lieto\u0161ana, neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai tas ir pl\u0101nots vai n\u0113, lai uzlabotu lauka diagnostiku un pied\u0101v\u0101tu prognoz\u0113t\u0101s ra\u017eas v\u0113rt\u012bbas.<\/p>\n

3. Konkr\u0113tai kult\u016brai specifiski dati<\/strong><\/p>\n

Farmers Edge pla\u0161ais viet\u0113jo agronomu t\u012bkls var sniegt ar\u012b datus par kult\u016braugiem aug\u0161anas sezonas laik\u0101.<\/p>\n

Farmers Edge agronomi ir apzin\u0101ju\u0161i kult\u016braugiem specifiskus datus, kas ietekm\u0113 ra\u017eu aug\u0161anas sezon\u0101, tostarp \u016bdens saturu galvenajos aug\u0161anas posmos vai stundas virs kardin\u0101l\u0101s temperat\u016bras kult\u016braugiem galvenajos ra\u017eas noteik\u0161anas periodos piec\u0101m galvenaj\u0101m kult\u016br\u0101m ra\u017eas prognoz\u0113\u0161an\u0101 (kukur\u016bza, rapsis, l\u0113cas, sojas pupas un kvie\u0161i).<\/p>\n

4. Kult\u016braugu un lauka att\u0113li<\/strong><\/p>\n

Augstas iz\u0161\u0137irtsp\u0113jas satel\u012btatt\u0113li tiek izmantoti, lai \u0101tri un prec\u012bzi noteiktu NDVI kult\u016braugu vesel\u012bbas v\u0113rt\u012bbas laukos, \u013caujot p\u0113tniekiem mekl\u0113t k\u013c\u016bdainus rezult\u0101tus vai re\u0123ion\u0101las probl\u0113mas ar kult\u016braugiem, kas var\u0113tu ietekm\u0113t ra\u017eu.<\/p>\n

\u0160\u012bs re\u0123ion\u0101l\u0101s tendences var izmantot, lai noteiktu, vai apgabali atbilst prognoz\u0113m vai ar\u012b vides faktori ir izkrop\u013coju\u0161i kult\u016braugu ra\u017eas prognozes v\u0113rt\u012bbas.<\/p>\n

5. Histogrammas dati<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lauksaimnieku malas ra\u017eas prognoz\u0113\u0161anas mode\u013ci izmanto lielo statistiku, lai laika gait\u0101 atrastu da\u017e\u0101dus lauka att\u0113lu sadal\u012bjumus, kas p\u0113c tam sniedz skaidr\u012bbu konvolucion\u0101lajam neironu t\u012bklam, kas var izmantot \u0161\u012bs modifik\u0101cijas, lai prognoz\u0113tu ra\u017eu liel\u0101s teritorij\u0101s, piem\u0113ram, Amerikas Savienotaj\u0101s Valst\u012bs vai Kan\u0101d\u0101, att\u0113liem mainoties laika gait\u0101.<\/p>\n

\"Kas<\/p>\n

Nav viegli paredz\u0113t ra\u017eo\u0161anu, pirms kombains ir izbraucis cauri laukam, ta\u010du Farmers Edge komanda ar prieku sniedz ra\u017eot\u0101jiem ra\u017eas prognozes, pamatojoties uz piln\u012bgu un prec\u012bzu statistiku.<\/p>\n

Katram datu avotam ir svars ra\u017eas prognoz\u0113\u0161an\u0101, ko var main\u012bt, pamatojoties uz mode\u013ca parametriem.<\/p>\n

K\u0101 palielin\u0101t saimniec\u012bbas ra\u017eu, izmantojot prec\u012bz\u0101s ra\u017eo\u0161anas tehnolo\u0123ijas?<\/h2>\n

Lauksaimnieku paaudz\u0113m ilgi ir diskut\u0113ju\u0161i un str\u0101d\u0101ju\u0161i pie lauksaimniec\u012bbas ra\u017eas palielin\u0101\u0161anas. Da\u017eas no atkl\u0101taj\u0101m metod\u0113m bija efekt\u012bvas, bet citas - neefekt\u012bvas.<\/p>\n

Papildus iepriek\u0161\u0113jo lauksaimnieku paaud\u017eu nenov\u0113rt\u0113jamajai pieredzei lauksaimniec\u012bbas nozare tagad var g\u016bt labumu no m\u016bsdienu zin\u0101tnes un tehnolo\u0123iju sasniegumiem.<\/p>\n

Apskat\u012bsim visizplat\u012bt\u0101kos veidus, k\u0101 lauksaimnieki var palielin\u0101t ra\u017eu, un to, k\u0101 iepriek\u0161\u0113jo pieredzi un jaun\u0101s tehnolo\u0123ijas var izmantot lauksaimniec\u012bbas produktivit\u0101tes palielin\u0101\u0161anai.<\/p>\n

1. Pareiza ap\u016bde\u0146o\u0161ana<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lauksaimniekiem, kuri v\u0113las palielin\u0101t vid\u0113jo ra\u017eas apjomu uz akru sav\u0101s saimniec\u012bb\u0101s, ir nepiecie\u0161ama labi izstr\u0101d\u0101ta ap\u016bde\u0146o\u0161anas sist\u0113ma. Pareiza \u016bdens daudzuma nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana augiem tie\u0161i ietekm\u0113 to att\u012bst\u012bbu un l\u012bdz ar to ar\u012b lauksaimniec\u012bbas ra\u017eu.<\/p>\n

Laika prognozes ir \u013coti svar\u012bgas lauksaimniec\u012bbas zemju efekt\u012bvai ap\u016bde\u0146o\u0161anai. Pateicoties m\u016bsdienu tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m, kas ietver piel\u0101gotas programmas un programmat\u016bru lauksaimniekiem, tagad ir iesp\u0113jama hiperlok\u0101la laika prognoz\u0113\u0161ana.<\/p>\n

Tas padara prec\u012bza ap\u016bde\u0146o\u0161ana<\/a> iesp\u0113jams, \u013caujot lauksaimniekiem iepriek\u0161 sagatavoties un p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas prec\u012bz\u0101k un efekt\u012bv\u0101k pl\u0101not savu kult\u016braugu ap\u016bde\u0146o\u0161anu.<\/p>\n

2. Augsnes test\u0113\u0161ana un t\u0101s kvalit\u0101te<\/strong><\/p>\n

Viens no svar\u012bg\u0101kajiem faktoriem, kas ietekm\u0113 kult\u016braugu ra\u017eu, ir augsnes kvalit\u0101te jeb augl\u012bba. Papildus lauksaimnieciskajai ra\u017eo\u0161anai augsnes kvalit\u0101te ietekm\u0113 to, cik lauksaimniekam izmaks\u0101 audz\u0113t noteiktu augu, jo da\u017eiem no tiem ir nepiecie\u0161amas noteiktas noteiktu elementu attiec\u012bbas augsn\u0113, piem\u0113ram, miner\u0101lda\u013ci\u0146as, organisk\u0101s vielas, \u016bdens un gaiss.<\/p>\n

Lauksaimniekiem regul\u0101ri j\u0101uzrauga augsnes st\u0101voklis savos zemes gabalos, lai sasniegtu liel\u0101ku ra\u017eu. Augmai\u0146a<\/a> ir viena no efekt\u012bv\u0101kaj\u0101m metod\u0113m, k\u0101, cita starp\u0101, uztur\u0113t augsni vesel\u012bgu.<\/p>\n

Augu mai\u0146a konkr\u0113t\u0101 lauka gabal\u0101 nov\u0113r\u0161 augsnes nogurumu un p\u0101rtrauc kukai\u0146u ciklus, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 palielin\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas produkcija un l\u012bdz ar to ar\u012b vid\u0113j\u0101 ra\u017ea uz akru.<\/p>\n

3. S\u0113klu kvalit\u0101te<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lauksaimnieku izmantoto s\u0113klu kvalit\u0101te ietekm\u0113 lauksaimniecisko ra\u017eo\u0161anu. T\u0101p\u0113c lauksaimniekiem ieteicams s\u0113t tikai sertific\u0113tas s\u0113klas, kas ir iztur\u0113ju\u0161as visas nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s kvalit\u0101tes kontroles sav\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas zem\u0113s, lai palielin\u0101tu lauksaimniec\u012bbas ra\u017eu.<\/p>\n

Sertific\u0113tas s\u0113klas var b\u016bt d\u0101rg\u0101kas nek\u0101 nesertific\u0113tas s\u0113klas, ta\u010du rezult\u0101ts b\u016bs t\u0101 v\u0113rts, jo s\u0113klu kvalit\u0101te ir viens no svar\u012bg\u0101kajiem elementiem, kas ietekm\u0113 kult\u016braugu produktivit\u0101ti.<\/p>\n

Turkl\u0101t augstas kvalit\u0101tes s\u0113klu izmanto\u0161ana ir viens no videi draudz\u012bg\u0101kajiem veidiem, k\u0101 palielin\u0101t kult\u016braugu produktivit\u0101ti. Lauksaimnieks var p\u0101rbaud\u012bt konkr\u0113tu s\u0113klu kvalit\u0101ti, sazinoties ar attiec\u012bgo s\u0113klu uz\u0146\u0113mumu un, ja nepiecie\u0161ams, organiz\u0113jot piel\u0101gotus izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumus konkr\u0113t\u0101 zemes gabal\u0101.<\/p>\n

Papildus tam ir svar\u012bgi saprast, ka s\u0113klu kvalit\u0101te nav past\u0101v\u012bga vai nemain\u012bga. No br\u012b\u017ea, kad s\u0113klas tiek ies\u0113tas zem\u0113, t\u0101m ir nepiecie\u0161ama aizsardz\u012bba. Viena no s\u0113klu apstr\u0101des strat\u0113\u0123ij\u0101m, ko izmanto, lai to pan\u0101ktu, ir s\u0113klu apstr\u0101de.<\/p>\n

T\u0101 ir metode, kur\u0101 s\u0113klu graudi tiek iekapsul\u0113ti \u0101r\u0113jos materi\u0101los, lai uzlabotu to \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas (svaru, izm\u0113ru) un\/vai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu tos ar akt\u012bv\u0101m \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101m viel\u0101m (mikroelementiem, mikrobi\u0101lajiem inokulantiem, aug\u0161anas regulatoriem utt.), lai pasarg\u0101tu tos no augu slim\u012bb\u0101m un veicin\u0101tu to aug\u0161anu.<\/p>\n

4. Gudra m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cu lieto\u0161ana<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013ci<\/a> ir paredz\u0113ti, lai barotu da\u017e\u0101du veidu augsni, veicin\u0101tu augu aug\u0161anu un palielin\u0101tu ra\u017eu, ta\u010du to lieto\u0161anai j\u0101b\u016bt l\u012bdzsvarotai un sapr\u0101t\u012bgai. M\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cu p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bga lieto\u0161ana var nopietni ietekm\u0113t augsnes kvalit\u0101ti un l\u012bdz ar to ar\u012b lauksaimniec\u012bbas produktivit\u0101ti.<\/p>\n

Da\u017e\u0101diem lauka re\u0123ioniem var b\u016bt nepiecie\u0161ams at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgs augsnes m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bmenis, t\u0101p\u0113c lab\u0101k\u0101 pieeja ir m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cus izmantot selekt\u012bvi, atbilsto\u0161i da\u017e\u0101du lauka zonu pras\u012bb\u0101m. \u0160\u012b prec\u012bz\u0101 pieeja lauka m\u0113slo\u0161anai uztur augsni vesel\u012bgu, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 palielin\u0101s vid\u0113j\u0101 ra\u017ea no akra.<\/p>\n

A Ra\u017eas uzraudz\u012bbas programmat\u016bra<\/a> ir viena no tehnolo\u0123iskaj\u0101m iesp\u0113j\u0101m \u0161aj\u0101 kontekst\u0101. T\u0101 ietver lauka zon\u0113\u0161anas r\u012bku, kas, pamatojoties uz satel\u012btuz\u0146\u0113mumiem, sadala lauksaimniec\u012bbas zemi 2\u20137 zon\u0101s, identific\u0113jot vietas, kur\u0101m nepiecie\u0161ama liel\u0101ka uzman\u012bba nek\u0101 cit\u0101m.<\/p>\n

Audz\u0113t\u0101ji bie\u017ei izmanto prec\u012bz\u0101s tehnolo\u0123ijas k\u0101 vienu no videi draudz\u012bg\u0101kajiem veidiem, k\u0101 to veicin\u0101t.<\/p>\n

5. Augu aizsardz\u012bbas metodes<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lauksaimniekiem, kuri v\u0113las palielin\u0101t ra\u017eu, ir j\u0101r\u016bp\u0113jas par saviem augiem vis\u0101 to aug\u0161anas laik\u0101 un l\u012bdz ve\u0123et\u0101cijas perioda beig\u0101m. Lauksaimnieki atkar\u012bb\u0101 no situ\u0101cijas izmanto da\u017e\u0101dus savienojumus, lai mazin\u0101tu nez\u0101\u013cu, kait\u0113k\u013cu un slim\u012bbu ietekmi uz kult\u016braugu produktivit\u0101ti.<\/p>\n

Herbic\u012bdi, insektic\u012bdi, desikanti, augu aug\u0161anas regulatori, fungic\u012bdi, pal\u012bgvielas un citas \u0137\u012bmiskas vielas ir bie\u017ei sastopami piem\u0113ri. Augu aizsardz\u012bbu var veikt da\u017e\u0101dos veidos. Nez\u0101\u013cu\/kait\u0113k\u013cu apkaro\u0161ana un augu slim\u012bbu apkaro\u0161ana ir divi no svar\u012bg\u0101kajiem.<\/p>\n

6. Augu slim\u012bbu profilakse un apkaro\u0161ana<\/strong><\/p>\n

Augu infekcijas ir v\u0113l viens b\u016btisks apdraud\u0113jums audz\u0113t\u0101ja lauksaimnieciskajai darb\u012bbai. Lauksaimnieki var izmantot da\u017e\u0101das augu slim\u012bbu profilakses un p\u0101rvald\u012bbas metodes, piem\u0113ram, izv\u0113l\u0113ties pret slim\u012bb\u0101m iztur\u012bgas vai tolerantu \u0161\u0137irnes, apstr\u0101d\u0101t s\u0113klas ar fungic\u012bdiem un lietot pestic\u012bdus un citas l\u012bdz\u012bgas vielas augo\u0161iem augiem atkar\u012bb\u0101 no augu veida, kas tiks audz\u0113ti lauk\u0101.<\/p>\n

Lauksaimniec\u012bbas speci\u0101listiem j\u0101piev\u0113r\u0161 \u012bpa\u0161a uzman\u012bba tam, kad vi\u0146i izmanto \u0161\u012bs vai citas taktikas, lai t\u0101m b\u016btu visliel\u0101k\u0101 ietekme. J\u0101patur pr\u0101t\u0101, ka savlaic\u012bga augu aizsardz\u012bba ir kritiski svar\u012bga saimniec\u012bbas ra\u017eas r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101jiem uz akru \u2014 jo agr\u0101k probl\u0113ma tiek atpaz\u012bta, jo \u0101tr\u0101k un viegl\u0101k t\u0101 tiks atrisin\u0101ta, un jo maz\u0101ka plat\u012bba laukiem tiks ietekm\u0113ta.<\/p>\n

7. Nez\u0101\u013cu un kait\u0113k\u013cu apkaro\u0161ana<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ve\u0123et\u0101cijas period\u0101 lauksaimnieku galven\u0101s probl\u0113mas ir nez\u0101\u013cu un kait\u0113k\u013cu apkaro\u0161ana. Piem\u0113ram, viena nez\u0101le var sara\u017eot vair\u0101k nek\u0101 10 miljonus nez\u0101\u013cu s\u0113klu, kas, ja t\u0101s netiek nekav\u0113joties apkarotas, var iev\u0113rojami samazin\u0101t ra\u017eu noteikt\u0101 lauk\u0101 un rad\u012bt gr\u016bt\u012bbas gadiem ilgi. Lauksaimniekiem ir ar\u012b j\u0101rea\u0123\u0113 holistiski uz kait\u0113k\u013cu inv\u0101ziju.<\/p>\n

Lauksaimniekiem past\u0101v\u012bgi j\u0101b\u016bt gataviem nekav\u0113joties rea\u0123\u0113t uz kait\u0113k\u013cu inv\u0101zijas probl\u0113m\u0101m, jo kait\u0113k\u013ci ir \u013coti adapt\u012bvi un \u0101tri vairojo\u0161i organismi, kas var apdraud\u0113t produkciju konkr\u0113t\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas zem\u0113s.<\/p>\n

Ra\u017eas prognoz\u0113\u0161ana ir galvenais lauksaimnieku uzdevums, jo t\u0101 tie\u0161i ietekm\u0113 vi\u0146u pe\u013c\u0146as normu. Ja lauksaimnieks zina, cik lielu ra\u017eu vi\u0146\u0161 var sagaid\u012bt no savas zemes, vi\u0146\u0161 var attiec\u012bgi pl\u0101not savu kult\u016braugu audz\u0113\u0161anu un palielin\u0101t savu pe\u013c\u0146as normu. T\u0101p\u0113c ir svar\u012bgi prec\u012bzi prognoz\u0113t saimniec\u012bbas ra\u017eu pirms jebkuras kult\u016bras st\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas konkr\u0113t\u0101 zem\u0113.<\/p>\n

\"Ra\u017eas<\/p>\n

Tas ir bijis svar\u012bgs jaut\u0101jums agronomij\u0101 kop\u0161 seniem laikiem. Tas ir kritiski svar\u012bgs p\u0101rtikas nodro\u0161in\u0101jumam, \u012bpa\u0161i sausuma, pl\u016bdu vai citu dabas katastrofu laik\u0101.<\/p>\n

Lauksaimnieki izmanto ar\u012b ra\u017eas prognoz\u0113\u0161anu, lai pie\u0146emtu l\u0113mumus par kult\u016braugu st\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas un ra\u017eas nov\u0101k\u0161anas laiku, pamatojoties uz augsnes mitruma saturu, kait\u0113k\u013cu inv\u0101ziju un citiem faktoriem, piem\u0113ram, laika apst\u0101k\u013ciem un m\u0113slojuma pras\u012bb\u0101m.<\/p>\n

Lai pie\u0146emtu pamatot\u0101kus l\u0113mumus un uzlabotu aug\u0161anas efektivit\u0101ti, izmantojot lauksaimniec\u012bbas ra\u017eas datus, noklik\u0161\u0137iniet \u0161eit<\/a> lai piepras\u012btu demonstr\u0101ciju t\u016bl\u012bt.<\/p>\n

\n

Bie\u017e\u0101k uzdotie jaut\u0101jumi<\/h2>\n
\n

1. K\u0101 lauksaimnieki palielina savu ra\u017eu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lauksaimnieki palielina ra\u017eu, izmantojot augsnes apstr\u0101di, efekt\u012bvu ap\u016bde\u0146o\u0161anu, augseku un kait\u0113k\u013cu un nez\u0101\u013cu apkaro\u0161anu. \u0160\u012b prakse optimiz\u0113 augsnes augl\u012bbu, \u016bdens pieejam\u012bbu un samazina kait\u0113k\u013cu un slim\u012bbu skaitu, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 palielin\u0101s kult\u016braugu ra\u017e\u012bba.<\/p>\n

2. K\u0101 apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101t kult\u016braugu ra\u017eu no hekt\u0101ra\/zemes gabala?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

To var izm\u0113r\u012bt, izmantojot da\u017e\u0101das metodes un faktorus. Viena izplat\u012bta pieeja ir fiziski nov\u0101kt reprezentat\u012bvu kult\u016braugu paraugu no noteiktas plat\u012bbas un to nosv\u0113rt. P\u0113c tam \u0161is svars tiek ekstrapol\u0113ts, lai nov\u0113rt\u0113tu kop\u0113jo ra\u017eu vis\u0101 lauk\u0101 vai saimniec\u012bb\u0101.<\/p>\n

Piem\u0113ram, ja paraugs sver 100 kilogramus un lauka plat\u012bba ir 2 hekt\u0101ri, ra\u017ea no hekt\u0101ra b\u016btu 50 kilogrami.<\/p>\n

Turkl\u0101t t\u0101das progres\u012bvas tehnolo\u0123ijas k\u0101 t\u0101lizp\u0113te un satel\u012btatt\u0113li var tikt izmantoti, lai nov\u0113rt\u0113tu kult\u016braugu vesel\u012bbu, ve\u0123et\u0101cijas r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101jus un biomasu, sniedzot v\u0113rt\u012bgu ieskatu.<\/p>\n

M\u0113rot, tiek \u0146emti v\u0113r\u0101 ar\u012b citi faktori, piem\u0113ram, graudu kvalit\u0101te, lielums un tirgus v\u0113rt\u012bba. Piem\u0113ram, ja paraugs sver 100 kilogramus un lauka plat\u012bba ir 2 hekt\u0101ri, ra\u017ea no hekt\u0101ra b\u016btu 50 kilogrami.<\/p>\n

3. K\u0101 j\u016bs nov\u0113rt\u0113jat ra\u017eu pirms ra\u017eas nov\u0101k\u0161anas?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ra\u017eas nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anu pirms ra\u017eas nov\u0101k\u0161anas var veikt, izmantojot vair\u0101kas metodes.<\/p>\n

Viena pieeja ir izmantot kult\u016braugiem specifiskus aug\u0161anas mode\u013cus, kas \u0146em v\u0113r\u0101 t\u0101dus faktorus k\u0101 st\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas datums, laika apst\u0101k\u013ci un kult\u016braugu vesel\u012bba, lai prognoz\u0113tu potenci\u0101lo ra\u017eu.<\/p>\n

V\u0113l viena metode ir t\u0101lizp\u0113tes meto\u017eu, piem\u0113ram, satel\u012btatt\u0113lu vai dronu, izmanto\u0161ana, lai nov\u0113rt\u0113tu kult\u016braugu sparu un biomasu.<\/p>\n

4. Kura lauksaimniec\u012bbas sist\u0113ma dod vesel\u012bg\u0101kus graudus?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Biolo\u0123isk\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas sist\u0113mas bie\u017ei tiek saist\u012btas ar vesel\u012bg\u0101kiem graudiem. Biolo\u0123isk\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bba neizmanto sint\u0113tiskos pestic\u012bdus, herbic\u012bdus un \u0123en\u0113tiski modific\u0113tus organismus (\u0122MO). T\u0101 viet\u0101 biolo\u0123iskie lauksaimnieki pa\u013caujas uz dab\u012bgajiem m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013ciem, augseku un biolo\u0123isk\u0101m kait\u0113k\u013cu apkaro\u0161anas metod\u0113m.<\/p>\n

\u0160\u012b prakse veicina t\u0101du graudu ra\u017eo\u0161anu, kas nesatur \u0137\u012bmiskas atliekas, potenci\u0101li satur vair\u0101k nepiecie\u0161amo uzturvielu un kam ir zem\u0101ks pestic\u012bdu pies\u0101r\u0146ojuma l\u012bmenis.<\/p>\n

Tom\u0113r ir svar\u012bgi atz\u012bm\u0113t, ka graudu specifiskie ieguvumi vesel\u012bbai var at\u0161\u0137irties atkar\u012bb\u0101 no t\u0101diem faktoriem k\u0101 augsnes kvalit\u0101te, kult\u016braugu \u0161\u0137irne un apstr\u0101des prakse p\u0113c ra\u017eas nov\u0101k\u0161anas.<\/p>\n

5. K\u0101 pestic\u012bdi palielina ra\u017eu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pestic\u012bdi var to palielin\u0101t, aizsarg\u0101jot augus no da\u017e\u0101diem kait\u0113k\u013ciem, slim\u012bb\u0101m un nez\u0101l\u0113m. Tie pal\u012bdz kontrol\u0113t vai izn\u012bcin\u0101t kait\u012bgus kukai\u0146us, s\u0113n\u012btes, bakt\u0113rijas un citus organismus, kas var boj\u0101t vai izn\u012bcin\u0101t kult\u016braugus.<\/p>\n

Samazinot kait\u0113k\u013cu ietekmi, pestic\u012bdi \u013cauj augiem augt sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101k, efekt\u012bvi izmantot bar\u012bbas vielas un novirz\u012bt vair\u0101k resursu produkt\u012bvai aug\u0161anai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lai prognoz\u0113tu ra\u017eu, mums ir j\u0101saprot, cik daudz saules gaismas augi sa\u0146em un cik daudz \u016bdens tiem nepiecie\u0161ams. Augu aug\u0161ana ir atkar\u012bga no \u0161iem diviem\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":5119,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","_crdt_document":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1657,1380,1378],"tags":[1599],"class_list":["post-5114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-precision-farming","category-whats","category-remote-sensing","tag-remote-sensing"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCrop yield prediction in Agriculture \ud83d\udcc8<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Crop yield prediction is the process of estimating the potential or expected yield of a specific crop for a given area and growing season. \ud83c\udf3e\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/lv\/emuars\/razas-prognozesana-izmantojot-talizpetes-datus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lv_LV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Crop yield prediction in Agriculture \ud83d\udcc8\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Crop yield prediction is the process of estimating the potential or expected yield of a specific crop for a given area and growing season. \ud83c\udf3e\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/lv\/emuars\/razas-prognozesana-izmantojot-talizpetes-datus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"GeoPard - 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