Bils Mollisons ir pla\u0161i paz\u012bstams lauksaimniec\u012bbas pasaul\u0113, jo vi\u0146\u0161 ir paz\u012bstams k\u0101 permakult\u016bras t\u0113vs. Vi\u0146\u0161 kop\u0101 ar savu studentu Deividu Holmgrenu bija pirmie, kas izdom\u0101ja terminu "permakult\u016bra", pamatojoties uz koncepciju, kas atvasin\u0101ta no past\u0101v\u012bg\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas.<\/p>\n
K\u0101 jau min\u0113ts iepriek\u0161, \u0161is ir lauksaimniec\u012bbas veids, kas darbojas at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgi no tradicion\u0101l\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas, jo tas darbojas saska\u0146\u0101 ar dabas noteikumiem un neiet pret\u012b.<\/p>\n
Permakult\u016bras \u0113tika<\/h2>\n
K\u0101 jau j\u016bs, iesp\u0113jams, zin\u0101t, \u0113tika tiek defin\u0113ta k\u0101 visp\u0101rpie\u0146emtas normas, kas ietver visu pareizi dar\u0101mo. T\u0101tad, atgrie\u017eoties pie m\u016bsu diskusijas t\u0113mas, permakult\u016bras \u0113tika neaprobe\u017eojas tikai ar:<\/p>\n
- \n
- R\u016bpes par Zemi<\/li>\n
- R\u016bpes par cilv\u0113kiem<\/li>\n
- Taisn\u012bga sadale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
R\u016bpes par Zemi<\/strong><\/p>\n
Vis\u0101m metod\u0113m, ko izmantojam lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101, lai ieg\u016btu labu vai pat zemas ra\u017eas, ir j\u0101iet roku rok\u0101 ar r\u016bp\u0113m par Zemi un visu dz\u012bv\u012bbas veidu uzlabo\u0161anu uz plan\u0113tas.<\/p>\n
Saska\u0146\u0101 ar past\u0101v\u012bg\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas principiem, ikreiz, kad no \u016bdens nes\u0113jsl\u0101\u0146a tiek \u0146emts \u016bdens, mums \u0161is \u016bdens ir j\u0101p\u0101rstr\u0101d\u0101 atpaka\u013c ekosist\u0113m\u0101.<\/p>\n
R\u016bpes par cilv\u0113kiem<\/strong><\/p>\n
Ja ticat m\u016b\u017e\u012bgai lauksaimniec\u012bbai, tad, visticam\u0101k, nekad neiztur\u0113sieties pret lauku str\u0101dniekiem slikti. \u0160eit jums j\u0101saprot, ka cilv\u0113kiem ne vienm\u0113r ir lemts tikai rad\u012bt gala produktu, bet ar\u012b dz\u012bvot bag\u0101t\u0101ku dz\u012bvi, k\u0101du dz\u012bvojat j\u016bs.<\/p>\n
Cilv\u0113ku attiec\u012bbas darbojas t\u0101pat k\u0101 d\u0101rz\u0101 atrodamo elementu attiec\u012bbas k\u0101 cilv\u0113ku r\u016bpju p\u012bl\u0101rs.<\/p>\n
\u0160aj\u0101 \u0113tik\u0101 kopienai ir \u013coti svar\u012bga loma piln\u012bgas permakult\u016bras sasnieg\u0161an\u0101. Atkal m\u0113s ne tikai maks\u0101jam lauksaimniec\u012bbas str\u0101dniekiem taisn\u012bgu algu vai atl\u012bdz\u012bbu par paveiktajiem darbiem, bet ar\u012b pied\u0101v\u0101jam vi\u0146iem taisn\u012bgu da\u013cu no t\u0101, ko vi\u0146i izaudz\u0113.<\/p>\n
Taisn\u012bga sadale<\/strong><\/p>\n
P\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 \u0113tika ir taisn\u012bga dal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s, un t\u0101 ietver p\u0101rpiln\u012bbas dal\u012b\u0161anos atkl\u0101ti.<\/p>\n
Piem\u0113ram, lauksaimniec\u012bbas str\u0101dniekiem ir j\u0101b\u016bt iesp\u0113jai pirmajiem nov\u0101kt ra\u017eu, jo tie\u0161i vi\u0146i to paveica un, visticam\u0101k, bija saimniec\u012bbas \u012bpa\u0161nieki. Ra\u017ea ar\u012b ir taisn\u012bgi j\u0101sadala tr\u016bc\u012bgajiem vai tiem, kam nepiecie\u0161ama pal\u012bdz\u012bba.<\/p>\n
Ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgas permakult\u016bras lauksaimniec\u012bbas principi<\/h2>\n
\u0160aj\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b permakult\u016bra izv\u0113las pretrun\u012bgu virzienu no re\u0123enerat\u012bv\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas un ar\u012b biolo\u0123isk\u0101s d\u0101rzkop\u012bbas. T\u0101 tika ieviesta, att\u012bst\u012bj\u0101s un turpina papla\u0161in\u0101ties, balstoties uz noteiktiem principiem.<\/p>\n
![\"ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgas](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/25.2-min.jpg?resize=810%2C439&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\nVisi tie, kas vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113 tic past\u0101v\u012bgai lauksaimniec\u012bbai, iev\u0113ro un praktiz\u0113 noteiktus principus, kas ir vien\u0101di visur pasaul\u0113. \u0160ie principi nemain\u0101s neatkar\u012bgi no vietas, laika vai pat situ\u0101cij\u0101m, kas var rasties.<\/p>\n
T\u0101 k\u0101 lauksaimnieki vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113 izmanto un pat att\u012bsta permakult\u016bras metodes un pat dizainu, jo vair\u0101k vi\u0146i atrod jaunus principus, kas j\u0101iev\u0113ro.<\/p>\n
Deivids Holmgrens ir permakult\u016bras izgudrot\u0101js vai dibin\u0101t\u0101js, kur\u0161 izveidoja sarakstu ar l\u012bdz pat divpadsmit principiem. Tie ietver:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Nov\u0113rot un mijiedarboties<\/strong> \u2013 \u0160eit viss, kas jums j\u0101dara, ir nesteigties un nov\u0113rot dabu, pirms veicat jebk\u0101das izmai\u0146as vai pat l\u0113mumus.<\/li>\n
- Nerad\u012bt atkritumus<\/strong> \u2013 Lasot \u0161o rakstu, viena no galvenaj\u0101m tendenc\u0113m vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113 ir \u201cbezatkritumu\u201d politika, ta\u010du atkal j\u0101zina, ka tas viss s\u0101k\u0101s permakult\u016bras d\u0113\u013c. Kad m\u0113s nov\u0113rt\u0113jam katru mums pieejamo resursu un pareizi to izmantojam, tad ir maz\u0101ka iesp\u0113ja, ka kaut kas tiks iz\u0161\u0137\u0113rd\u0113ts.<\/li>\n
- Ieg\u016bt ra\u017eu<\/strong> \u2013 Ikvienam ir j\u0101izsaka atzin\u012bba, par ko tas ir peln\u012bjis, nodro\u0161inot atl\u012bdz\u012bbu par visu ener\u0123iju un laiku, ko velt\u0101t darbam. Piem\u0113ram, jums ir nepiecie\u0161ama p\u0101rtika un samaksa par paveikto. Nevar str\u0101d\u0101t, ja esat izsalcis.<\/li>\n
- Uztver un uzglab\u0101 ener\u0123iju<\/strong> \u2013 Daba vienm\u0113r pied\u0101v\u0101 resursus noteiktos maksim\u0101l\u0101s slodzes laikos. Piem\u0113ram, vasar\u0101 j\u016bs pieredz\u0113siet p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgu saules gaismu, bet ziem\u0101 \u2013 maz\u0101k. Atsevi\u0161\u0137os re\u0123ionos ir ar\u012b lietus sezonas, bet citreiz \u2013 sausums.<\/li>\n
- Dizains no rakstiem l\u012bdz deta\u013c\u0101m<\/strong> \u2013 Jums r\u016bp\u012bgi j\u0101izprot daba vai sabiedr\u012bba. Piem\u0113ram, j\u016bs varat nov\u0113rot, k\u0101 tiek izgatavoti bi\u0161u stropi un glieme\u017ev\u0101ku dizains, un izdom\u0101t savu dizainu.<\/li>\n
- Izmantojiet pa\u0161regul\u0101ciju un pie\u0146emiet atsauksmes<\/strong> \u2013 T\u0101 da\u017e\u0101do lauksaimniec\u012bbu un iev\u0113rojami at\u0161\u0137iras no tradicion\u0101l\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas, kas koncentr\u0113jas uz monokult\u016bru.<\/li>\n
- Integr\u0113t, nevis atdal\u012bt<\/strong> \u2013 t\u0101 galvenok\u0101rt garant\u0113 lietu izmanto\u0161anu cita atbalstam un pat kop\u012bgam darbam, un izvair\u0101s no t\u0101, lai viss rad\u012btos pats par sevi.<\/li>\n
- Izmantojiet malas un l\u0113nus risin\u0101jumus<\/strong> \u2013 T\u0101 koncentr\u0113jas uz to, lai viss notiktu sav\u0101 temp\u0101, nevis visu sasteigtu. Tas ir t\u0101p\u0113c, ka, izmantojot mazas sist\u0113mas, l\u0113nas izmai\u0146as ir viegl\u0101k p\u0101rvald\u012bt un pat uztur\u0113t.<\/li>\n
- Rado\u0161i izmantot ietekmi un rea\u0123\u0113t uz to<\/strong> \u2013 P\u0101rmai\u0146as ir oblig\u0101tas. R\u016bp\u012bga nov\u0113ro\u0161ana un savlaic\u012bga rea\u0123\u0113\u0161ana, visticam\u0101k, rad\u012bs pozit\u012bvu, nevis negat\u012bvu ietekmi.<\/li>\n
- Izmantojiet svar\u012bgus atjaunojamos materi\u0101lus un pakalpojumus<\/strong> \u2013 Daba vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113 nodro\u0161ina daudz atjaunojamo materi\u0101lu. T\u0101p\u0113c mums ir j\u0101ierobe\u017eo neatjaunojamo materi\u0101lu izmanto\u0161ana.<\/li>\n
- Izmantojiet un veiciniet daudzveid\u012bbu<\/strong> \u2013 T\u0101 da\u017e\u0101do un \u013coti at\u0161\u0137iras no tradicion\u0101l\u0101s metodes, kas koncentr\u0113jas uz monokult\u016bru.<\/li>\n
- Izmantojiet malas un nov\u0113rt\u0113jiet robe\u017ev\u0113rt\u012bbas<\/strong> -Punkts, kur\u0101 divas pretrun\u012bgas lietas m\u0113dz satikties, ir vissvar\u012bg\u0101k\u0101 vieta, kur notiek p\u0101rsteidzo\u0161as lietas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgas permakult\u016bras lauksaimniec\u012bbas priek\u0161roc\u012bbas<\/h2>\n
Vai esat k\u0101dreiz dom\u0101ju\u0161i par permakult\u016bras praktiz\u0113\u0161anas priek\u0161roc\u012bb\u0101m? T\u0101 sniedz vair\u0101kas priek\u0161roc\u012bbas, kas padara to par lab\u0101ko izv\u0113li daudziem cilv\u0113kiem vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113, kuriem pieder zemes gabals un kuri dom\u0101 par p\u0101rtikas audz\u0113\u0161anu. Tas ietver gan lauksaimniekus, gan lauksaimniec\u012bbas entuziastus.<\/p>\n
Zem\u0101k ir saraksts ar priek\u0161roc\u012bb\u0101m, kas jums j\u0101zina:<\/strong><\/p>\n
- \n
- Tas ir l\u0113ts, sal\u012bdzinot ar cit\u0101m tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m<\/strong> \u2013 Kult\u016braugu audz\u0113\u0161ana izmaks\u0101 maz\u0101k nek\u0101 tradicion\u0101l\u0101 kult\u016braugu audz\u0113\u0161ana. Jums neb\u016bs j\u0101p\u0113rk t\u0101das lietas k\u0101 m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013ci<\/a> un pat pestic\u012bdus.<\/li>\n
- Samazin\u0101ti atkritumi<\/strong> \u2013 Tas ne\u013cauj neko izniekot. T\u0101das lietas k\u0101 lapas, d\u0101rza atkritumi un citi atkritumi tiek p\u0101rv\u0113rsti vai nu m\u0113slojum\u0101, vai lopbar\u012bb\u0101.<\/li>\n
- Maz\u0101ks \u016bdens pat\u0113ri\u0146\u0161<\/strong> \u2013 j\u016bsu \u016bdens r\u0113\u0137ini ir iev\u0113rojami samazin\u0101ti, jo varat izv\u0113l\u0113ties izmantot lietus \u016bdeni un notek\u016bde\u0146us.<\/li>\n
- Savietojams ar pieejamaj\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101m<\/strong> \u2013 vair\u0101kas lauksaimniec\u012bbas sist\u0113mas var viegli p\u0101rveidot, lai t\u0101s atbilstu past\u0101v\u012bgajiem lauksaimniec\u012bbas principiem.<\/li>\n
- Palielin\u0101t pa\u0161pietiekam\u012bbu<\/strong> \u2013 Tas \u013cauj lauksaimniekiem audz\u0113t pla\u0161u kult\u016braugu kl\u0101stu sav\u0101s zem\u0113s. Tas dod jums iesp\u0113ju audz\u0113t visu, kas jums nepiecie\u0161ams p\u0101rtikai vai ko v\u0113laties.<\/li>\n
- Maz\u0101k pies\u0101r\u0146ojuma<\/strong> \u2013 T\u0101 k\u0101 tas ir dabisk\u0101kais veids, k\u0101 audz\u0113t kult\u016braugus, un lauksaimniec\u012bbas instrumentu, piem\u0113ram, traktoru, izmanto\u0161ana ir reta, ir maz\u0101ks pies\u0101r\u0146ojums.<\/li>\n
- Liel\u0101ko da\u013cu uzdevumu veic daba<\/strong> \u2013 Kad permakult\u016bras saimniec\u012bb\u0101 viss b\u016bs sagatavots, t\u0101 s\u0101ks darboties lab\u0101k nek\u0101 tradicion\u0101l\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bba.<\/li>\n
- Maz\u0101k toks\u012bnu<\/strong> \u2013 T\u0101 k\u0101 tiek izmantoti tikai dab\u012bgie m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013ci un tikai organiskas kait\u0113k\u013cu apkaro\u0161anas metodes, j\u016bs, visticam\u0101k, ne\u0113d\u012bsiet \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101s vielas, kas rodas pestic\u012bdu un pat citu m\u0101ksl\u012bgu produktu lieto\u0161anas rezult\u0101t\u0101.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Izplat\u012btas ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgas past\u0101v\u012bgas lauksaimniec\u012bbas prakses<\/h2>\n
Zem\u0101k ir saraksts ar da\u017e\u0101m praks\u0113m, kas jums j\u0101zina:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Lietus \u016bdens un pel\u0113k\u0101 \u016bdens ieguve<\/li>\n
- Dabiska \u0113ka<\/li>\n
- Agrome\u017esaimniec\u012bba<\/li>\n
- Starpkult\u016bru\/pavado\u0161o augu st\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana<\/li>\n
- \u0160\u016bnu gan\u012b\u0161ana<\/li>\n
- Lok\u0161\u0146u mul\u010d\u0113\u0161ana<\/li>\n
- Bezar\u0161anas vai samazin\u0101tas augsnes apstr\u0101des lauksaimniec\u012bba<\/li>\n
- D\u0101rzkop\u012bba<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Permakult\u016bra apvieno resursus, cilv\u0113kus, zemi un vidi, izmantojot savstarp\u0113ji izmantojamas siner\u0123ijas, izmantojot bezatkritumu, sl\u0113gtas cilpas sist\u0113mas, kas atrodamas da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s dabas sist\u0113m\u0101s. GeoPard pal\u012bdz sasniegt visu \u0161o, pied\u0101v\u0101jot produktus, kas pal\u012bdz prec\u012bzaj\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101, piem\u0113ram ra\u017eas dati<\/a>, Lauku uzraudz\u012bba<\/a>, augsnes datu anal\u012btika<\/a>, un daudzi citi.<\/p>\n
\nBie\u017e\u0101k uzdotie jaut\u0101jumi<\/h2>\n
\n1. Kas ir permakult\u016bras saimniec\u012bba? K\u0101 t\u0101 darbojas?<\/strong><\/p>\n
T\u0101 ir ekolo\u0123iska un ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bga lauksaimniec\u012bbas sist\u0113ma, kas integr\u0113 da\u017e\u0101dus elementus, atdarinot dabisk\u0101s ekosist\u0113mas. T\u0101 koncentr\u0113jas uz pa\u0161pietiekamu un re\u0123enerat\u012bvu p\u0101rtikas ra\u017eo\u0161anas sist\u0113mu izveidi.<\/p>\n
Izmantojot t\u0101dus principus k\u0101 daudzveid\u012bba, saglab\u0101\u0161ana un resursu efektivit\u0101te, t\u0101s veicina ilgtermi\u0146a vides harmoniju, vienlaikus maksim\u0101li palielinot produktivit\u0101ti. \u0160\u012bs saimniec\u012bbas priorit\u0101ti pie\u0161\u0137ir biolo\u0123iskajai praksei, izmanto kompanjonaugus un uzsver augsnes vesel\u012bbu, galu gal\u0101 veicinot notur\u012bgas un pa\u0161pietiekamas lauksaimniec\u012bbas ekosist\u0113mas.<\/p>\n
2. Vai permakult\u016bra ir ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bga?<\/strong><\/p>\n
J\u0101, t\u0101 tiek uzskat\u012bta par ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgu pieeju lauksaimniec\u012bbai. T\u0101 uzsver t\u0101dus principus k\u0101 ekolo\u0123isks dizains, atjaunojamie resursi un minim\u0101ls atkritumu daudzums. T\u0101s m\u0113r\u0137is ir rad\u012bt pa\u0161pietiekamas sist\u0113mas, kas darbojas harmonij\u0101 ar dabu, samazinot atkar\u012bbu no \u0101r\u0113jiem resursiem un samazinot negat\u012bvo ietekmi uz vidi.<\/p>\n
3. K\u0101 permakult\u016bras lauksaimniec\u012bba at\u0161\u0137iras no tradicion\u0101l\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas?<\/strong><\/p>\n
T\u0101 vair\u0101kos veidos at\u0161\u0137iras no tradicion\u0101l\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas. Pirmk\u0101rt, permaulture koncentr\u0113jas uz dabisko ekosist\u0113mu atdarin\u0101\u0161anu un dabas izmanto\u0161anu k\u0101 ce\u013cvedi, savuk\u0101rt tradicion\u0101l\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bba bie\u017ei vien balst\u0101s uz sint\u0113tiskiem resursiem un monokult\u016bras praksi.<\/p>\n
Otrk\u0101rt, permakultiv\u0101cija uzsver biolo\u0123isko daudzveid\u012bbu, pavado\u0161os augus un augsnes vesel\u012bbu, savuk\u0101rt tradicion\u0101l\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bba var dot priek\u0161roku augstra\u017e\u012bg\u0101m monokult\u016br\u0101m un \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101m izejviel\u0101m. Tre\u0161k\u0101rt, permakultiv\u0101cija tiecas uz pa\u0161pietiekam\u012bbu un minim\u0101lu atkritumu daudzumu, savuk\u0101rt tradicion\u0101l\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bba var pa\u013cauties uz \u0101r\u0113jiem resursiem un rad\u012bt vair\u0101k atkritumu.<\/p>\n
Visbeidzot, t\u0101 veicina ilgtermi\u0146a ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bbu un re\u0123enerat\u012bvas prakses, turpret\u012b tradicion\u0101lajai lauksaimniec\u012bbai var b\u016bt liel\u0101ka ietekme uz vidi.<\/p>\n
4. Kur tiek izmantota permakult\u016bra?<\/strong><\/p>\n
Permakulteru izmanto vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113 da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s vid\u0113s un kontekstos. To pielieto gan lauku, gan pils\u0113tu vid\u0113, tostarp maz\u0101s lauku saimniec\u012bb\u0101s, kopienas d\u0101rzos un pat komerci\u0101l\u0101s saimniec\u012bb\u0101s. T\u0101 principus var redz\u0113t ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgas lauksaimniec\u012bbas projektos, me\u017eu atjauno\u0161anas pas\u0101kumos un ekolo\u0123isk\u0101s atjauno\u0161anas iniciat\u012bv\u0101s.<\/p>\n
Turkl\u0101t parmakult\u016bra tiek izmantota notur\u012bgu ainavu, za\u013c\u0101s infrastrukt\u016bras un ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgas pils\u0113tpl\u0101no\u0161anas veido\u0161an\u0101. T\u0101s piel\u0101gojamais raksturs \u013cauj ieviest permacilt\u016bru da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s viet\u0101s, veicinot ekolo\u0123isko harmoniju un ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bbu.<\/p>\n
5. K\u0101 uzs\u0101kt permakult\u016bras saimniec\u012bbu vai d\u0101rzu?<\/strong><\/p>\n
Lai s\u0101ktu saimniec\u012bbu vai d\u0101rzkop\u012bbu, veiciet t\u0101l\u0101k nor\u0101d\u012bt\u0101s darb\u012bbas.<\/p>\n
- \n
- S\u0101ciet, nov\u0113rojot savu zemi un izprotot t\u0101s unik\u0101l\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, piem\u0113ram, saules gaismu, \u016bdens pieejam\u012bbu un augsnes kvalit\u0101ti.<\/li>\n
- Pl\u0101nojiet un projekt\u0113jiet savu permacilt\u016bras saimniec\u012bbu vai d\u0101rzu, iek\u013caujot t\u0101dus elementus k\u0101 paaugstin\u0101tas dobes, ievalkas un kompost\u0113\u0161anas sist\u0113mas, lai maksim\u0101li palielin\u0101tu efektivit\u0101ti un produktivit\u0101ti.<\/li>\n
- Izv\u0113lieties da\u017e\u0101dus augus, kas viens otru atbalsta, st\u0101dot tos kop\u0101 un veidojot notur\u012bgu ekosist\u0113mu. Iek\u013caujiet daudzgad\u012bgus augus un viet\u0113j\u0101s sugas ilgtermi\u0146a ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bbai.<\/li>\n
- Ieviesiet ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgas prakses, piem\u0113ram, \u016bdens taup\u012b\u0161anu, organisko m\u0113slojumu un dabiskas kait\u0113k\u013cu apkaro\u0161anas metodes. Past\u0101v\u012bgi m\u0101cieties un piel\u0101gojieties savai konkr\u0113tajai videi, veicinot biolo\u0123isko daudzveid\u012bbu un r\u016bp\u0113joties par savas saimniec\u012bbas vai d\u0101rza vesel\u012bbu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
6. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba starp permakult\u016bru un biolo\u0123isko lauksaimniec\u012bbu?<\/strong><\/p>\n
Permakult\u016brai un biolo\u0123iskajai lauksaimniec\u012bbai ir da\u017eas l\u012bdz\u012bbas, bet ar\u012b b\u016btiskas at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas. Lai gan abas priorit\u0101ti pie\u0161\u0137ir ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgai praksei, biolo\u0123isk\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bba galvenok\u0101rt koncentr\u0113jas uz sint\u0113tisko izejvielu neizmanto\u0161anu un \u012bpa\u0161u sertifik\u0101cijas standartu iev\u0113ro\u0161anu. Savuk\u0101rt parmakult\u016bra ir holistiska dizaina sist\u0113ma, kuras m\u0113r\u0137is ir atdarin\u0101t dabisk\u0101s ekosist\u0113mas un rad\u012bt pa\u0161pietiekamu vidi.<\/p>\n
Permaulture sniedzas t\u0101l\u0101k par biolo\u0123isko lauksaimniec\u012bbu, iek\u013caujot t\u0101dus principus k\u0101 biolo\u0123isk\u0101 daudzveid\u012bba, pavado\u0161o augu audz\u0113\u0161ana un re\u0123enerat\u012bvas prakses, lai rad\u012btu notur\u012bgas un produkt\u012bvas sist\u0113mas. T\u0101 uzsver pla\u0161\u0101ku pieeju ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bbai, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 soci\u0101los un ekonomiskos aspektus l\u012bdz\u0101s ekolo\u0123iskajiem.<\/p>\n
7. K\u0101 permakult\u016bra pal\u012bdz videi?<\/strong><\/p>\n
Permatkult\u016bra pied\u0101v\u0101 vair\u0101kus veidus, k\u0101 pal\u012bdz\u0113t videi. Pirmk\u0101rt, t\u0101 veicina ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgas zemes izmanto\u0161anas praksi, kur\u0101 priorit\u0101te ir augsnes vesel\u012bba, \u016bdens saglab\u0101\u0161ana un biolo\u0123isk\u0101 daudzveid\u012bba. Tas pal\u012bdz nov\u0113rst augsnes eroziju, uzlabot \u016bdens kvalit\u0101ti un aizsarg\u0101t dz\u012bvotnes.<\/p>\n
Otrk\u0101rt, permakult\u016bra samazina sint\u0113tisko izejvielu un \u0137\u012bmisko vielu izmanto\u0161anu, samazinot pies\u0101r\u0146ojumu un negat\u012bvo ietekmi uz ekosist\u0113m\u0101m. Tre\u0161k\u0101rt, permakult\u016bras sist\u0113mas akt\u012bvi piesaista oglekli, izmantojot t\u0101das metodes k\u0101 agroapme\u017esaimniec\u012bba un kompost\u0113\u0161ana, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di mazinot klimata p\u0101rmai\u0146as.<\/p>\n
Visbeidzot, radot pa\u0161pietiekamas p\u0101rtikas ra\u017eo\u0161anas sist\u0113mas, parmakult\u016bra samazina atkar\u012bbu no videi kait\u012bgas lauksaimniec\u012bbas prakses, veicinot atjaunojo\u0161\u0101kas un harmonisk\u0101kas attiec\u012bbas ar vidi.<\/p>\n
8. Vai ainavu veido\u0161ana tiek uzskat\u012bta par lauksaimniec\u012bbu?<\/strong><\/p>\n
Ainavu veido\u0161ana tradicion\u0101laj\u0101 izpratn\u0113 parasti netiek uzskat\u012bta par lauksaimniec\u012bbu. Lai gan lauksaimniec\u012bba ietver kult\u016braugu audz\u0113\u0161anu vai lopkop\u012bbu p\u0101rtikas ra\u017eo\u0161anai, ainavu veido\u0161ana galvenok\u0101rt koncentr\u0113jas uz \u0101rtelpu projekt\u0113\u0161anu un uztur\u0113\u0161anu est\u0113tiskiem vai funkcion\u0101liem m\u0113r\u0137iem.<\/p>\n
Ainavu veido\u0161ana var ietvert t\u0101das darb\u012bbas k\u0101 dekorat\u012bvo augu st\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana un kop\u0161ana, cieto ainavu veido\u0161ana un vizu\u0101li pievilc\u012bgas \u0101ra vides veido\u0161ana. Tom\u0113r t\u0101 neietver liela m\u0113roga p\u0101rtikas ra\u017eo\u0161anu vai t\u0101da pa\u0161a l\u012bme\u0146a lauksaimniec\u012bbas praksi k\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101.<\/p>\n
9. Kas ir permakult\u016bras dizains?<\/strong><\/p>\n
Tas ietver vides mode\u013cu un attiec\u012bbu nov\u0113ro\u0161anu un izpratni, lai izstr\u0101d\u0101tu integr\u0113tu pl\u0101nu. T\u0101 projekt\u0113\u0161an\u0101 ir iek\u013cauts zonu j\u0113dziens, kas kategoriz\u0113 da\u017e\u0101das teritorijas, pamatojoties uz to tuvumu cilv\u0113ka darb\u012bbai un to \u012bpa\u0161aj\u0101m funkcij\u0101m.<\/p>\n
Zonas ir iedal\u012btas no 0. zonas (cilv\u0113ka darb\u012bbas centrs, piem\u0113ram, m\u0101jas) l\u012bdz 5. zonai (savva\u013cas vai dabas teritorija). Katra zona ir izstr\u0101d\u0101ta un p\u0101rvald\u012bta, lai apmierin\u0101tu \u012bpa\u0161as vajadz\u012bbas, optimiz\u0113tu efektivit\u0101ti un samazin\u0101tu nevajadz\u012bgu p\u0101rvieto\u0161anos un ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146u.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Permakult\u016bra p\u0113d\u0113jos gados ir bijusi apspriesta t\u0113ma lauksaimniec\u012bbas platform\u0101s un diskusij\u0101s. Ja esat lauksaimniec\u012bbas entuziasts, tad past\u0101v liel\u0101kas iesp\u0113jas\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":4061,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1380],"tags":[1663],"class_list":["post-4056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-whats","tag-farming"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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- Samazin\u0101ti atkritumi<\/strong> \u2013 Tas ne\u013cauj neko izniekot. T\u0101das lietas k\u0101 lapas, d\u0101rza atkritumi un citi atkritumi tiek p\u0101rv\u0113rsti vai nu m\u0113slojum\u0101, vai lopbar\u012bb\u0101.<\/li>\n
- Nerad\u012bt atkritumus<\/strong> \u2013 Lasot \u0161o rakstu, viena no galvenaj\u0101m tendenc\u0113m vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113 ir \u201cbezatkritumu\u201d politika, ta\u010du atkal j\u0101zina, ka tas viss s\u0101k\u0101s permakult\u016bras d\u0113\u013c. Kad m\u0113s nov\u0113rt\u0113jam katru mums pieejamo resursu un pareizi to izmantojam, tad ir maz\u0101ka iesp\u0113ja, ka kaut kas tiks iz\u0161\u0137\u0113rd\u0113ts.<\/li>\n
- Nov\u0113rot un mijiedarboties<\/strong> \u2013 \u0160eit viss, kas jums j\u0101dara, ir nesteigties un nov\u0113rot dabu, pirms veicat jebk\u0101das izmai\u0146as vai pat l\u0113mumus.<\/li>\n