Vesel\u012bg\u0101ka augsne noz\u012bm\u0113, ka no gaisa tiek ieg\u016bts vai piesaist\u012bts vair\u0101k CO2, kas ir laba zi\u0146a klimata kr\u012bzes kontekst\u0101. Augsne \u2013 vai vismaz vesel\u012bga augsne \u2013 satur lielu skaitu da\u017e\u0101du mikroorganismu, kas darbojas apmai\u0146\u0101 ar augsn\u0113 augo\u0161ajiem augiem.<\/p>\n
Augi fotosint\u0113zes ce\u013c\u0101 absorb\u0113 oglekli, ko tie izmanto aug\u0161anai, un liekais ogleklis tiek transport\u0113ts uz augsni, kur tas p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161as organiskaj\u0101s viel\u0101s.<\/p>\n
\u0160is ogleklis baro s\u0113n\u012btes un da\u017e\u0101dus mikrobus augsn\u0113, kas savuk\u0101rt apg\u0101d\u0101 augus ar nepiecie\u0161amaj\u0101m bar\u012bbas viel\u0101m. Tas ir ide\u0101ls l\u012bdzsvars, ta\u010du to izmaina intens\u012bvas tradicion\u0101l\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas metodes. Da\u017ei atbalst\u012bt\u0101ji apgalvo, ka, p\u0101rejot uz re\u0123enerat\u012bvu pieeju, nozarei b\u016btu j\u0101samazina emisijas tikpat daudz, cik zeme uztvertu vair\u0101k CO2.<\/p>\n
Klimata nevalstisk\u0101 organiz\u0101cija, kas p\u0113ta un veicina klimata p\u0101rmai\u0146u risin\u0101jumus, apgalvo, ka \u201cre\u0123enerat\u012bv\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bba uzlabo un uztur augsnes vesel\u012bbu, atjaunojot t\u0101s oglek\u013ca saturu, kas savuk\u0101rt uzlabo produktivit\u0101ti, tie\u0161i pret\u0113ji tam, ko dara tradicion\u0101l\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bba\u201d.<\/p>\n
Vi\u0146i apr\u0113\u0137ina, ka re\u0123enerat\u012bv\u0101s metodes l\u012bdz 2050. gadam var\u0113tu piesaist\u012bt no 14,5 l\u012bdz 22 gigatonn\u0101m CO2.<\/p>\n
Tom\u0113r ekspertu apl\u0113ses par to, cik daudz CO2 var\u0113tu uztvert, izmantojot oglek\u013ca piesaisti augsn\u0113, at\u0161\u0137iras. Pasaules resursu instit\u016bts (WRI) nor\u0101da, ka ierobe\u017eoto zin\u0101tnisko zin\u0101\u0161anu d\u0113\u013c joproj\u0101m nav skaidra iesp\u0113ja papla\u0161in\u0101t \u0161o procesu uz liel\u0101m teritorij\u0101m, lai palielin\u0101tu klimata p\u0101rmai\u0146u mazin\u0101\u0161anu.<\/p>\n
T\u0101 viet\u0101 vi\u0146i pied\u0101v\u0101 22 risin\u0101jumu kopumu lauksaimniec\u012bbai, lai risin\u0101tu t\u0101s emisijas, kas ir klasific\u0113ti un koncentr\u0113ti uz "piecu \u0113dienu \u0113dienkarti", proti:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Samazin\u0101t lauksaimniec\u012bbas produktu piepras\u012bjuma pieaugumu<\/li>\n
- Palielin\u0101t p\u0101rtikas ra\u017eo\u0161anu, nepapla\u0161inot lauksaimniec\u012bbas zemes plat\u012bbu<\/li>\n
- Aizsarg\u0101t un atjaunot ekosist\u0113mas<\/li>\n
- Palielin\u0101t zivju pieg\u0101di<\/li>\n
- Samazin\u0101t siltumn\u012bcefekta g\u0101zu emisijas no lauksaimniecisk\u0101s ra\u017eo\u0161anas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Re\u0123enerat\u012bv\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas 4 principi<\/h2>\n
K\u0101 viegli uzmin\u0113t, t\u0101 m\u0113r\u0137is ir bag\u0101tin\u0101t augsni, vidi un cilv\u0113ku, nevis noplicin\u0101t ar audz\u0113\u0161anu saist\u012btos vides un soci\u0101los resursus.<\/p>\n
\u0160\u012b discipl\u012bna balst\u0101s uz \u010detriem pamatprincipiem, ko pirms da\u017eiem gadiem apkopoja NVO Deafal (Eiropas deleg\u0101cija \u0123imenes lauksaimniec\u012bbas jaut\u0101jumos \u0100zij\u0101, \u0100frik\u0101 un Lat\u012b\u0146amerik\u0101) \u201cBiolo\u0123isko un re\u0123enerat\u012bvo lauksaimniec\u012bbas principu un v\u0113rt\u012bbu hart\u0101\u201d.<\/p>\n
![\"Re\u0123enerat\u012bv\u0101s](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/15.2-min.jpg?resize=810%2C439&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n1. Augsnes atjauno\u0161ana<\/strong><\/p>\n
T\u0101s m\u0113r\u0137is ir ieviest praksi, kas sp\u0113j palielin\u0101t augsnes augl\u012bbu. \u0160is m\u0113r\u0137is tiek sasniegts, palielinot organisk\u0101 oglek\u013ca, miner\u0101lvielu un mikrobiolo\u0123isko daudzveid\u012bbu. Tas pal\u012bdz ierobe\u017eot augsnes eroziju un veicin\u0101t viet\u0113j\u0101s \u012bpatn\u012bbas un kult\u016bras.<\/p>\n
2. Atjaunot biolo\u0123isko daudzveid\u012bbu un ekosist\u0113mas<\/strong><\/p>\n
Re\u0123enerat\u012bvaj\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101 ir svar\u012bgi aizsarg\u0101t biolo\u0123isko daudzveid\u012bbu gan kult\u016braugu izv\u0113l\u0113, gan vides pies\u0101r\u0146ojuma nov\u0113r\u0161an\u0101, ko izraisa \u0137\u012bmisko m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cu un pestic\u012bdu nekontrol\u0113ta lieto\u0161ana.<\/p>\n
Tiek cien\u012btas ar\u012b viet\u0113j\u0101s augu un dz\u012bvnieku \u0161\u0137irnes, p\u0101rstr\u0101d\u0101jot atkritumus un tiecoties p\u0113c nulles emisij\u0101m. Nepiecie\u0161ama ar\u012b efekt\u012bva \u016bdens un agrome\u017esaimniec\u012bbas-ganu lopkop\u012bbas resursu p\u0101rvald\u012bba.<\/p>\n
3. Atjaunot attiec\u012bbas starp dz\u012bvaj\u0101m b\u016btn\u0113m<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u0160\u012b discipl\u012bna stiprina ne tikai attiec\u012bbas starp cilv\u0113ku un dabu, bet ar\u012b starp pa\u0161iem cilv\u0113kiem. T\u0101 balst\u0101s uz indiv\u012bda cie\u0146as respekt\u0113\u0161anu, uz darba attiec\u012bb\u0101m, kuru centr\u0101 ir ties\u012bbu aizsardz\u012bba, k\u0101 ar\u012b uz p\u0101rredzam\u012bbu un iek\u013cau\u0161anu.<\/p>\n
Tas garant\u0113 augu apstr\u0101di, kas sp\u0113j ilgsto\u0161i uztur\u0113t to vesel\u012bbu un fiziolo\u0123isko l\u012bdzsvaru. Ir ar\u012b j\u0101respekt\u0113 cilv\u0113ku un dz\u012bvnieku cie\u0146a un j\u0101veicina darba un apmai\u0146as attiec\u012bbas, kuru pamat\u0101 ir ties\u012bbu aizsardz\u012bba un p\u0101rredzam\u012bba.<\/p>\n
4. Zin\u0101\u0161anu atjauno\u0161ana<\/strong><\/p>\n
Ceturtais un p\u0113d\u0113jais princips paredz zin\u0101\u0161anu veicin\u0101\u0161anu k\u0101 kolekt\u012bvu labumu, kas ieg\u016bstams un nododams atv\u0113rt\u012bbas un mijiedarb\u012bbas ar citiem dimensij\u0101.<\/p>\n
Re\u0123enerat\u012bv\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas visums nav sl\u0113gts, bet gan atv\u0113rts ikvienam, kur\u0161 v\u0113las apg\u016bt t\u0101s principus un praksi. Viens no m\u0113r\u0137iem ir tie\u0161i ieg\u016bto zin\u0101\u0161anu nodo\u0161ana, lai arvien vair\u0101k cilv\u0113ku var\u0113tu t\u0101s izmantot sav\u0101 lab\u0101.<\/p>\n
K\u0101 veikt re\u0123enerat\u012bvo lauksaimniec\u012bbu? Re\u0123enerat\u012bv\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas metodes<\/h2>\n
\u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 re\u0123enerat\u012bv\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas principus, var\u0113tu k\u013c\u016bdaini dom\u0101t, ka \u0161\u012b discipl\u012bna izmanto sare\u017e\u0123\u012btas, nezin\u0101mas vai gr\u016bti pielietojamas prakses. Turpret\u012b t\u0101 izmanto paz\u012bstamas metodes, piem\u0113ram:<\/p>\n
1. Augseka<\/strong><\/p>\n
Nep\u0101rtraukta vienas un t\u0101s pa\u0161as augu sugas kultiv\u0113\u0161ana izraisa augsnes \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu zudumu. Re\u0123enerat\u012bv\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bba atjauno tehniku, kas... Augu sec\u012bba<\/a>, izv\u0113loties augu \u0161\u0137irnes, kas var bag\u0101tin\u0101t augsni ar miner\u0101lviel\u0101m, ko pat\u0113r\u0113ja iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s kult\u016bras.<\/p>\n
T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tiek stiprin\u0101ts augsnes organiskais sast\u0101vs, ierobe\u017eota augsnes erozija un veicin\u0101ta mikrobiolo\u0123isk\u0101 biolo\u0123isk\u0101 daudzveid\u012bba.<\/p>\n
2. Samazin\u0101ta augsnes apstr\u0101de<\/strong><\/p>\n
Nep\u0101rtraukt\u0101 augsnes meh\u0101nisk\u0101 un \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 slodze laika gait\u0101 neko nedara un p\u0113c tam ierobe\u017eo t\u0101s augl\u012bbu. \u0160im nol\u016bkam tiek nov\u0113rsta p\u0101r\u0101k dzi\u013ca ar\u0161ana, nep\u0101rtraukta apstr\u0101d\u0101tu lauku p\u0101rvieto\u0161an\u0101s ar tehniku un p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bga spont\u0101ni augo\u0161u augu izn\u012bcin\u0101\u0161ana.<\/p>\n
T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tiek pan\u0101kts lab\u0101ks organisko vielu sadal\u012bjums augsn\u0113, augsnes remineraliz\u0101cija un liela slieku un der\u012bgo kukai\u0146u popul\u0101cija, ar\u012b paraz\u012btu biolo\u0123iskai kontrolei.<\/p>\n
3. Zemsedzes segums<\/strong><\/p>\n
Saska\u0146\u0101 ar to augsnei nekad nevajadz\u0113tu palikt br\u012bvai no d\u0101rze\u0146iem. Iz\u0146emot pasaules tuksne\u0161a apgabalus, dab\u0101 zeme vienm\u0113r ir kl\u0101ta ar gar\u0161augiem, augiem, kr\u016bmiem un kokiem. \u0160\u012b iemesla d\u0113\u013c tiek veicin\u0101ta t\u0101du meto\u017eu izmanto\u0161ana k\u0101 za\u013cm\u0113slojuma lieto\u0161ana vai da\u017eu kult\u016braugu aprak\u0161ana, lai veicin\u0101tu augsnes augl\u012bbu.<\/p>\n
4. Atkritumu samazin\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong><\/p>\n
Re\u0123enerat\u012bv\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas m\u0113r\u0137is ir samazin\u0101t atkritumus un, galvenais, samazin\u0101t emisijas. Piem\u0113ram, ap\u016bde\u0146o\u0161ana<\/a>, tiek m\u0113\u0123in\u0101ts atg\u016bt p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas vair\u0101k lietus \u016bdens. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tiek izvair\u012bts no jau t\u0101 ierobe\u017eoto \u016bdens resursu iz\u0161\u0137\u0113rd\u0113\u0161anas.<\/p>\n
Jebkuru lieko ra\u017eu izmanto m\u0101jlopu baro\u0161anai vai augsnes bag\u0101tin\u0101\u0161anai, savuk\u0101rt m\u0113slo\u0161ana notiek ar pa\u0161u ra\u017eotu kompostu vai organiskajiem m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013ciem, kas ieg\u016bti no saimniec\u012bb\u0101m, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di izmantojot aprites ekonomikas priek\u0161roc\u012bbas.<\/p>\n
Re\u0123enerat\u012bv\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas priek\u0161roc\u012bbas<\/h2>\n
K\u0101 \u0161o ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgo meto\u017eu piem\u0113ro\u0161ana, no kur\u0101m daudzas ir aizg\u016btas no sen\u0101kaj\u0101m lauksaimniec\u012bbas trad\u012bcij\u0101m, dod labumu agronomikai? L\u016bk, ieguvumi:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Augsnes augl\u012bbas atjauno\u0161ana, iev\u0113rojami palielinot augsn\u0113 pieejam\u0101 organisk\u0101 oglek\u013ca un t\u0101 sl\u0101pek\u013ca komponentu daudzumu.<\/li>\n
- Augsnes strukt\u016bru un augu sak\u0146u stiprin\u0101\u0161ana ir noder\u012bga, lai ierobe\u017eotu augsnes eroziju un vides katastrofu, piem\u0113ram, zemes nogruvumu, iesp\u0113jam\u012bbu.<\/li>\n
- Viet\u0113j\u0101s biolo\u0123isk\u0101s daudzveid\u012bbas palielin\u0101\u0161ana, ne tikai atjaunojot aizmirstas kult\u016bras, bet ar\u012b veicinot viet\u0113jo sugu spont\u0101nu aug\u0161anu, dodot priek\u0161roku savva\u013cas dz\u012bvnieku dz\u012bv\u012bbai un izsl\u0113dzot ievest\u0101s sugas, kas var\u0113tu kait\u0113t ekosist\u0113m\u0101m.<\/li>\n
- Augsnes, grunts\u016bde\u0146u un gaisa \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 pies\u0101r\u0146ojuma nov\u0113r\u0161ana, pateicoties \u0137\u012bmisko m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cu un pestic\u012bdu lieto\u0161anas p\u0101rtrauk\u0161anai. Kultiv\u0113to \u0161\u0137ir\u0146u kvalit\u0101te ar vesel\u012bg\u0101kiem un gar\u0161\u012bg\u0101kiem aug\u013ciem un d\u0101rze\u0146iem, pateicoties augl\u012bg\u0101kai augsnei un optim\u0101liem aug\u0161anas apst\u0101k\u013ciem.<\/li>\n
- \u016adens atkritumu un pies\u0101r\u0146ojo\u0161o siltumn\u012bcefekta g\u0101zu emisiju samazin\u0101\u0161ana.<\/li>\n
- Viet\u0113j\u0101 darbasp\u0113ka uzlabo\u0161ana ar tikum\u012bgu ekonomiku, kas g\u016bst labumu no re\u0123enerat\u012bv\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas ne tikai lauksaimniekiem, bet ar\u012b visai kopienai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
1. Augsnes apsaimnieko\u0161ana<\/strong><\/p>\n
T\u0101 ir integr\u0113ta pieeja augsnes kvalit\u0101tes nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anai, kas p\u0113ta ne tikai \u0137\u012bmisko sast\u0101vu, bet ar\u012b sak\u0146u sist\u0113mu, augsnes dz\u012bv\u012bbu un augsnes strukt\u016bru kopum\u0101. Zem\u0101k ir nor\u0101d\u012bti pier\u0101d\u012bti piem\u0113ri. augsnes anal\u012bzes metodes<\/a> ko var nodro\u0161in\u0101t GeoPard.<\/p>\n
2. Augsnes \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 anal\u012bze<\/strong><\/p>\n
Augsnes \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 anal\u012bze atkl\u0101j augu uz\u0146em\u0161anai pieejamo pamata bar\u012bbas vielu, piem\u0113ram, sl\u0101pek\u013ca, s\u0113ra un k\u0101lija, fosfora, daudzumu. Veicot augsnes \u0137\u012bmisko anal\u012bzi, ir viegl\u0101k noteikt nepiecie\u0161amo m\u0113slojuma daudzumu, lai ieg\u016btu augstu ra\u017eu un rentabilit\u0101ti. T\u0101pat t\u0101 prognoz\u0113 paredzamo ra\u017eas pieaugumu.<\/p>\n
3. Noteikt p\u0101rvald\u012bbas zonas<\/strong><\/p>\n
T\u0101 k\u0101 augsne main\u0101s laik\u0101 un telp\u0101, ar\u012b bar\u012bbas vielu sadal\u012bjums kult\u016braugiem main\u0101s p\u0113c daudzuma un laika. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c, kart\u0113jot katru saimniec\u012bbas zonu, j\u016bs varat telpiski sadal\u012bt bar\u012bbas vielas un m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cus nepiecie\u0161amaj\u0101s plat\u012bb\u0101s, izmantojot statistiski \u0123ener\u0113tus datus.<\/p>\n
4. Pl\u0101nojiet augsnes paraugu \u0146em\u0161anas punktus<\/strong><\/p>\n