Lauksaimniec\u012bbas kopienas vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113 izj\u016bt nabadz\u012bgu cilv\u0113ku ietekmi. augsnes apsaimnieko\u0161ana<\/a> ko izraisa r\u016bpniecisk\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bba, kur nep\u0101rtraukta augsnes degrad\u0101cija un Erozija<\/a> ir rad\u012bju\u0161i neaugl\u012bgus putek\u013cu kaudzes, kuras ir gandr\u012bz neiesp\u0113jami kultiv\u0113t.<\/p>\r\n Augsne ir dabas resurss, kas veidojas uz Zemes virsmas, pateicoties atmosf\u0113ras iedarb\u012bbas procesiem un organisko vielu uzkr\u0101\u0161anai. T\u0101 ir sare\u017e\u0123\u012bts miner\u0101lu, organisko vielu, \u016bdens, gaisa un organismu mais\u012bjums.<\/p>\r\n Tas kalpo k\u0101 svar\u012bga vide augu aug\u0161anai, nodro\u0161inot bar\u012bbas vielas, saglab\u0101jot \u016bdeni un nodro\u0161inot stabilit\u0101ti. Tam ir ar\u012b iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161a loma \u016bdens filtr\u0113\u0161an\u0101 un uzglab\u0101\u0161an\u0101, ekosist\u0113mu atbalst\u012b\u0161an\u0101 un bar\u012bbas vielu aprit\u0113 vid\u0113.<\/p>\r\n Augsnes parasti tiek iedal\u012btas se\u0161\u0101s kategorij\u0101s atkar\u012bb\u0101 no to \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 sast\u0101va, kas nosaka, k\u0101 tiek saglab\u0101ts \u016bdens un bar\u012bbas vielas, un kuri kult\u016braugi ir vispiem\u0113rot\u0101kie audz\u0113\u0161anai taj\u0101s.<\/p>\r\n Augsnes sast\u0101vs var b\u016bt uz smilts, m\u0101la, smil\u0161m\u0101la, kr\u012bta, k\u016bdras vai d\u016b\u0146u b\u0101zes, un daudz\u0101s augsnes sist\u0113m\u0101s b\u016bs sv\u0101rst\u012bbas ar plankumiem, kuros vienas sast\u0101vda\u013cas koncentr\u0101cija ir augst\u0101ka nek\u0101 citas.<\/p>\r\n Sadal\u012bsim katru augsnes tipu t\u0101 galvenaj\u0101s iez\u012bm\u0113s un raksturlielumos, k\u0101 ar\u012b to, k\u0101 tas izpau\u017eas lauksaimniec\u012bbas kontekst\u0101.<\/p>\r\n Smil\u0161ain\u0101s augsn\u0113s, k\u0101 jau dro\u0161i vien nojau\u0161at, ir daudz smil\u0161ainu da\u013ci\u0146u, kas veido \u013coti graudainu, bet vieglu aug\u0161anas substr\u0101tu. To raksturo \u0101tra \u016bdens un citu \u0161\u0137idrumu notece, viegla apstr\u0101d\u0101jam\u012bba, k\u0101 ar\u012b m\u012bkstums un elast\u012bba rak\u0161anai.<\/p>\r\n T\u0101 k\u0101 \u016bdens caur \u0161\u012bm augsn\u0113m efekt\u012bvi notek, t\u0101m bie\u017ei ir zem\u0101ka bar\u012bbas vielu pieejam\u012bba un tendence \u0101tri sakarst un iz\u017e\u016bt. Smil\u0161ain\u0101s augsn\u0113s bie\u017ei vien ir ar\u012b zem\u0101ks vid\u0113jais pH l\u012bmenis, t\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101s ir vispiem\u0113rot\u0101k\u0101s augiem, kuriem pat\u012bk neliels sk\u0101bums augsnes profil\u0101.<\/p>\r\n Smil\u0161ain\u0101s augsn\u0113s labi aug kult\u016bras, kur\u0101m pat\u012bk labi dren\u0113ta augsne un karsti, sausi apst\u0101k\u013ci. Tas ietver Vidusj\u016bras re\u0123ioniem rakstur\u012bgus gar\u0161augus, piem\u0113ram, rozmar\u012bnu, timi\u0101nu un oregano, k\u0101 ar\u012b vair\u0101kas koku sugas, piem\u0113ram, lauru kokus, v\u012b\u0123es un ol\u012bvkokus.<\/p>\r\n Irden\u0101 augsnes tekst\u016bra un vieglums ar\u012b atvieglo sak\u0146augu aug\u0161anu un izplat\u012b\u0161anos bez \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0161\u013ciem, t\u0101p\u0113c burk\u0101ni, bietes, pastinaki, red\u012bsi un r\u0101ce\u0146i ar\u012b ir sader\u012bgi ar \u0161\u0101da veida augsni.<\/p>\r\n M\u0101la augsnes ir tie\u0161i pret\u0113jas smil\u0161ain\u0101m augsn\u0113m, jo t\u0101s ir \u013coti smagas un ar sliktu dren\u0101\u017eas sp\u0113ju. T\u0101 k\u0101 m\u0101la da\u013ci\u0146as ir tik niec\u012bgas, augsnes tekst\u016bra k\u013c\u016bst daudz stingr\u0101ka un viegl\u0101k sabl\u012bv\u0113jama, atst\u0101jot maz ce\u013cu \u016bdens notecei.<\/p>\r\n Lai gan m\u0101la augsnes slikt\u0101 dren\u0101\u017ea bie\u017ei padara t\u0101s nev\u0113lamas lauksaimniec\u012bbas vajadz\u012bb\u0101m, t\u0101s parasti satur augstu bar\u012bbas vielu un miner\u0101lvielu l\u012bmeni, kas var b\u016bt labv\u0113l\u012bgs noteikt\u0101m kult\u016br\u0101m.<\/p>\r\n Da\u017ei Brassica dzimtas aug\u013cu koki un d\u0101rze\u0146i var paciest m\u0101la augsnes, bet vislab\u0101k augs m\u0101la\/m\u0101la augsnes kombin\u0101cij\u0101, kur tie var uz\u0146emt bar\u012bbas vielas, k\u0101 ar\u012b g\u016bst labumu no uzlabotas dren\u0101\u017eas.<\/p>\r\n M\u016brain\u0101m augsn\u0113m ir izteikta z\u012bdaina un m\u012bksta saj\u016bta, t\u0101s parasti ir diezgan augl\u012bgas un t\u0101m ir ide\u0101ls l\u012bdzsvars starp pien\u0101c\u012bgu bar\u012bbas vielu bl\u012bvumu un sliktu dren\u0101\u017eu. M\u016brain\u0101s augsn\u0113s parasti ir viegli audz\u0113t liel\u0101ko da\u013cu kult\u016braugu, lai gan optim\u0101lai dren\u0101\u017eai var b\u016bt nepiecie\u0161ami uzlabojumi. ra\u017eas sniegums<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n M\u0101lainas augsnes nesabl\u012bv\u0113jas tik viegli k\u0101 m\u0101la augsnes, un t\u0101s ir m\u012bkst\u0101kas un viegl\u0101kas, tom\u0113r t\u0101m tr\u016bkst iztur\u012bgas augsnes profila strukt\u016bras, ko var uzlabot, st\u0101dot daudzgad\u012bgus augus, kuru sak\u0146u kl\u0101tb\u016btne t\u0101s satur kop\u0101.<\/p>\r\n Daudzgad\u012bgi kr\u016bmi un koki, kas m\u012bl mitrus, augl\u012bgus apst\u0101k\u013cus, bie\u017ei vien ir lab\u0101k\u0101 izv\u0113le d\u016b\u0146ain\u0101m augsn\u0113m.<\/p>\r\n M\u0101lain\u0101s augsnes tiek raksturotas k\u0101 l\u012bdzsvars starp da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m iepriek\u0161min\u0113to augsnes veidu - smilts, m\u0101la un d\u016b\u0146u - kombin\u0101cij\u0101m.<\/p>\r\n \u0160is ir viens no iek\u0101rojam\u0101kajiem un augl\u012bg\u0101kajiem augsnes veidiem, pateicoties t\u0101 \u2018lab\u0101kaj\u0101m no ab\u0101m pasaul\u0113m\u2019 \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, kas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka tas satur visu tr\u012bs augsnes veidu priek\u0161roc\u012bbas, no kur\u0101m tas sast\u0101v.<\/p>\r\n M\u0101lain\u0101m augsn\u0113m ir laba dren\u0101\u017ea, augsta bar\u012bbas vielu pieejam\u012bba, labi struktur\u0113ts profils, un t\u0101s l\u0113ni sasilst un atdziest, radot kult\u016braugiem relat\u012bvi temperat\u016bras zi\u0146\u0101 stabilu vidi.<\/p>\r\n Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca aug\u013cu un d\u0101rze\u0146u labi augs m\u0101lain\u0101s augsn\u0113s, tom\u0113r, t\u0101 k\u0101 to sast\u0101vs ir nedaudz delik\u0101ts tr\u012bs citu augsnes tipu l\u012bdzsvars, tas ir labi j\u0101uztur, lai nov\u0113rstu viena komponenta p\u0101r\u0146em\u0161anu un svara zaud\u0113\u0161anu.<\/p>\r\n Augseka ir viena no lab\u0101kaj\u0101m liet\u0101m \u0161ai augsnei, jo t\u0101 nov\u0113r\u0161 vienas smagas barotavas atk\u0101rtotu st\u0101d\u012b\u0161anu, kas noplicina augsni, at\u0146emot tai visas labv\u0113l\u012bg\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas.<\/p>\r\n Kr\u012btain\u0101m vai ka\u013c\u0137akmenim bag\u0101t\u0101m augsn\u0113m rakstur\u012bgs s\u0101rmains pH l\u012bmenis augst\u0101s kalcija karbon\u0101ta koncentr\u0101cijas d\u0113\u013c.<\/p>\r\n \u0160\u0101da veida augsnes un to \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas parasti rodas no t\u0101, ka t\u0101s atrodas uz ka\u013c\u0137akmens vai kr\u012bta pamatie\u017ea, un t\u0101s bie\u017ei vien ir vislab\u0101k apstr\u0101d\u0101jamas, ja t\u0101s tiek uzlabotas ar organisk\u0101m viel\u0101m un s\u0113rm\u0113sliem, lai uzlabotu bar\u012bbas vielas un pazemin\u0101tu pH l\u012bmeni.<\/p>\r\n Kr\u012btain\u0101m augsn\u0113m parasti ir lieliska dren\u0101\u017ea liel\u0101ku da\u013ci\u0146u un ie\u017eu kl\u0101tb\u016btnes d\u0113\u013c, ta\u010du tie var ar\u012b kav\u0113t noteiktu sak\u0146augu aug\u0161anu.<\/p>\r\n K\u016bdras augsn\u0113m piem\u012bt pret\u0113jas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas nek\u0101 kr\u012btam, jo k\u016bdras, kas ir tr\u016bdo\u0161a organisk\u0101 viela, kl\u0101tb\u016btne rada sk\u0101bus apst\u0101k\u013cus, kas ir j\u0101padara s\u0101rmaini, lai vairums kult\u016braugu veiksm\u012bgi augtu.<\/p>\r\n K\u016bdras augsnes ir vieglas un p\u016bkainas, t\u0101m ir atsper\u012bga tekst\u016bra, kas uzs\u016bc \u016bdeni k\u0101 s\u016bklis.<\/p>\r\n K\u016bdras augsn\u0113s galven\u0101 probl\u0113ma ir dren\u0101\u017ea, ta\u010du t\u0101s var uzlabot ar ka\u013c\u0137a vai kr\u012btainu augsni (un otr\u0101di), lai l\u012bdzsvarotu sk\u0101bumu un uzlabotu dren\u0101\u017eu.<\/p>\r\n T\u0101 k\u0101 se\u0161as augsnes kategorijas at\u0161\u0137iras p\u0113c da\u013ci\u0146u lieluma, p\u0101rbaudot, kur spektr\u0101 atrodas j\u016bsu augsne, ir j\u0101saprot augsnes graudain\u012bba vai gludums, cik viegli t\u0101 sadal\u0101s vai sal\u012bp kop\u0101, un j\u0101atst\u0101j to \u016bdens vid\u0113, lai redz\u0113tu, k\u0101 da\u013ci\u0146as nos\u0113\u017eas.<\/p>\r\n Augsnes testa komplekti var sniegt detaliz\u0113tu augsnes profila sadal\u012bjumu, t\u0101p\u0113c, lai ieg\u016btu p\u0101rliecino\u0161u diagnozi par augsnes \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, jums vajadz\u0113tu ieg\u0101d\u0101ties profesion\u0101lu testa komplektu.<\/p>\r\n Kr\u012bta augsn\u0113s, to pretstat\u0101, bie\u017ei ir balts putek\u013cu sl\u0101nis vai ac\u012bmredzamas kr\u012bta da\u013ci\u0146as augsn\u0113, kas padara to uzreiz atpaz\u012bstamu. Papildus tam ir divi galvenie testi, ko varat veikt pats, lai noskaidrotu, k\u0101da veida augsne jums ir:<\/p>\r\n Skatiet, k\u0101 tas saglab\u0101 savu formu<\/strong><\/p>\r\n Pa\u0146emiet nelielu sauju augsnes un da\u017eas sekundes cie\u0161i saspiediet to ar roku pirms atlai\u0161anas. Nov\u0113rojiet augsni, lai redz\u0113tu, k\u0101 t\u0101 saglab\u0101 vai nesaglab\u0101 savu formu p\u0113c saspie\u0161anas.<\/p>\r\n M\u0101la augsnes b\u016bs \u013coti viegli form\u0113jamas un p\u0113c atbr\u012bvo\u0161anas ilgi saglab\u0101s savu formu, k\u0101d\u0101 t\u0101s ir saspiestas. Smil\u0161ainas augsnes parasti saspie\u017eot sadal\u0101s vai k\u013c\u016bst \u013coti drupanas.<\/p>\r\n K\u016bdras augsne, saspie\u017eot, var atbr\u012bvot mitrumu un p\u0113c atbr\u012bvo\u0161anas nedaudz atl\u0113kt atpaka\u013c k\u0101 s\u016bklis. M\u0101lsmil\u0161u un d\u016b\u0146u augsnes b\u016bs l\u012bdz\u012bgas, \u013coti gludas un z\u012bdainas, un p\u0113c atbr\u012bvo\u0161anas \u012bsu br\u012bdi saglab\u0101s savu formu, l\u012bdz sabruks.<\/p>\r\n Nov\u0113rojiet, k\u0101 da\u013ci\u0146as nos\u0113\u017eas \u016bden\u012b<\/strong><\/p>\r\n Ievietojiet labu m\u0113rkaroti augsnes liel\u0101 trauk\u0101 ar \u016bdeni, samaisiet to un \u013caujiet tai nost\u0101v\u0113ties apm\u0113ram 10\u201312 stundas. P\u0113c tam nov\u0113rojiet, k\u0101 da\u013ci\u0146as ir nos\u0113du\u0161\u0101s vai iz\u0161\u0137\u012bdu\u0161as \u016bden\u012b, jo tas nor\u0101da da\u013ci\u0146u bl\u012bvumu un var tikt izmantots augsnes tipa nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anai.<\/p>\r\n Smil\u0161ain\u0101s augsn\u0113s ir smagas da\u013ci\u0146as, kas biez\u0101 sl\u0101n\u012b nos\u0113\u017eas trauka apak\u0161\u0101, atst\u0101jot \u016bdeni gandr\u012bz piln\u012bgi dzidru. Gan m\u0101la, gan d\u016b\u0146u augsn\u0113s ir pret\u0113js efekts, atst\u0101jot du\u013c\u0137ainu \u016bdeni tikai ar pl\u0101nu atlikumu k\u0101rti\u0146u trauka apak\u0161\u0101.<\/p>\r\n M\u0101lain\u0101s augsn\u0113s trauka apak\u0161\u0101 paliks ar\u012b pl\u0101ns da\u013ci\u0146u sl\u0101nis, k\u0101 ar\u012b \u013coti vieglu da\u013ci\u0146u sl\u0101nis virspus\u0113, un \u016bdens b\u016bs p\u0101rsvar\u0101 dzidrs, bet tikai nedaudz du\u013c\u0137ains.<\/p>\r\n K\u016bdras augsnes izskat\u0101s l\u012bdz\u012bgas m\u0101la augsn\u0113m, iz\u0146emot to, ka taj\u0101s b\u016bs vair\u0101k vieglo da\u013ci\u0146u, kas peld uz \u0161\u0137idruma virsmas, un tikai \u013coti pl\u0101ns smago da\u013ci\u0146u sl\u0101nis apak\u0161\u0101.<\/p>\r\n Kr\u012bta augsn\u0113s \u016bdens iekr\u0101sosies pel\u0113k\u0101 kr\u0101s\u0101, un da\u013ci\u0146as, kas nos\u0113du\u0161\u0101s trauka apak\u0161\u0101, visticam\u0101k, b\u016bs baltas vai pel\u0113kas.<\/p>\r\n J\u016bsu konkr\u0113t\u0101 augsnes tipa izmanto\u0161ana j\u016bsu lab\u0101 ir atkar\u012bga no t\u0101, k\u0101das kult\u016bras j\u016bs m\u0113\u0123in\u0101t audz\u0113t, un to v\u0113lamajiem apst\u0101k\u013ciem, ta\u010du neatkar\u012bgi no j\u016bsu augsnes veida jums j\u0101p\u0101rliecin\u0101s, ka t\u0101 tiek kopta, izmantojot labas un vesel\u012bgas augsnes apsaimnieko\u0161anas metodes.<\/p>\r\n Parasti kult\u016braugiem ide\u0101li piem\u0113rotas augsnes ar labu dren\u0101\u017eu, bar\u012bbas vielu pieejam\u012bbu un iztur\u012bgu strukt\u016bru, piem\u0113ram, m\u0101la vai d\u016b\u0146u augsnes, un, ja pl\u0101nojat audz\u0113t da\u017e\u0101das bie\u017ei rot\u0113jamas kult\u016bras, tad vislab\u0101kais ir diezgan neitr\u0101ls pH l\u012bmenis.<\/p>\r\n Ja jums ir m\u0101laina vai \u013coti smil\u0161aina augsne, varat pievienot augsnes uzlabot\u0101jus, lai l\u012bdzsvarotu to nev\u0113lam\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, vai audz\u0113t kult\u016bras, kas ir labi piem\u0113rotas j\u016bsu augsnes tipam. J\u016bs nekad neierobe\u017eo j\u016bsu augsnes tips, ta\u010du augsnes uzlabot\u0101ji b\u016bs j\u0101pievieno past\u0101v\u012bgi, lai saglab\u0101tu pret\u0113ju augsnes tipu nek\u0101 j\u016bs\u0113jais \u2013 piem\u0113ram, m\u0101ls smilt\u012bm.<\/p>\r\n Augsne ar\u012b nav monog\u0101ma liel\u0101s plat\u012bb\u0101s, t\u0101p\u0113c centieties audz\u0113t labi piel\u0101gotas kult\u016bras tur, kur paredzams, ka t\u0101s vislab\u0101k augs, lai ietaup\u012btu laiku un naudu, m\u0113\u0123inot past\u0101v\u012bgi main\u012bt apst\u0101k\u013cus.<\/p>\r\n Tom\u0113r gad\u012bjumos, kad augsne ir j\u0101uzlabo, lai t\u0101 lab\u0101k atbilstu j\u016bsu vajadz\u012bb\u0101m: \u013coti sk\u0101b\u0101s augsn\u0113s, piem\u0113ram, k\u016bdras augsn\u0113s, var pievienot ka\u013c\u0137i, lai paaugstin\u0101tu pH l\u012bmeni un padar\u012btu t\u0101s s\u0101rmain\u0101kas. Savuk\u0101rt alum\u012bnija sulf\u0101ts pazemin\u0101s augsnes pH l\u012bmeni un rad\u012bs sk\u0101b\u0101kus apst\u0101k\u013cus \u013coti s\u0101rmain\u0101s vai kr\u012btain\u0101s augsn\u0113s.<\/p>\r\n Kr\u012btain\u0101s augsn\u0113s laika gait\u0101 var past\u0101v\u012bgi pievienot organisk\u0101s vielas, lai uzkr\u0101tu bar\u012bbas vielas un miner\u0101lvielas, kas pak\u0101peniski padar\u012bs t\u0101s piem\u0113rot\u0101kas liel\u0101kam kult\u016braugu skaitam.<\/p>\r\n Faktiski organisk\u0101s vielas, piem\u0113ram, komposts vai labi sapuvu\u0161i k\u016btsm\u0113sli, ir \u013coti produkt\u012bvs papildin\u0101jums liel\u0101kajai da\u013cai augsnes tipu, lai uzlabotu to strukt\u016bru un l\u012bdzsvarotu tos.<\/p>\r\n M\u0101la augsnes, kur\u0101m ir slikta dren\u0101\u017ea, k\u013c\u016bst aer\u0113t\u0101kas un irden\u0101kas, pievienojot organisk\u0101s vielas, savuk\u0101rt smil\u0161ainas augsnes g\u016bs labumu no bar\u012bbas vielu pievieno\u0161anas un mitruma saglab\u0101\u0161anas.<\/p>\r\n Papildus organisko vielu pievieno\u0161anai galven\u0101s metodes augsnes vesel\u012bbas uztur\u0113\u0161anai ietver mul\u010d\u0113\u0161anu ap kult\u016braugiem un dobju p\u0101rkl\u0101\u0161anu ziem\u0101.<\/p>\r\n Mul\u010d\u0113\u0161ana ar salmiem, koka skaid\u0101m, nokaltu\u0161\u0101m lap\u0101m vai dz\u012bva, mul\u010dai l\u012bdz\u012bga \u0101boli\u0146a izmanto\u0161ana labv\u0113l\u012bgi ietekm\u0113 augsni, atdzes\u0113jot augsnes virsmu, saglab\u0101jot mitrumu un nom\u0101cot nez\u0101\u013cu aug\u0161anu.<\/p>\r\n Atsegtas augsnes, visticam\u0101k, tiks erod\u0113tas v\u0113ja un lietus ietekm\u0113 vai ar\u012b t\u0101s izkalt\u012bs un pamest\u0101s saules ietekm\u0113, neitraliz\u0113jot labv\u0113l\u012bgos mikroorganismus un samazinot to kop\u0113jo augl\u012bbu.<\/p>\r\n \u0160\u012b pa\u0161a iemesla d\u0113\u013c, p\u0113c ra\u017eas nov\u0101k\u0161anas sezonas beig\u0101s atkl\u0101t\u0101s augsnes dob\u0113s iest\u0101dot segkult\u016bru, piem\u0113ram, \u0101boli\u0146u, lucernu vai p\u0101k\u0161augus, tiek nodro\u0161in\u0101ta augsnes aizsardz\u012bba ziem\u0101.<\/p>\r\n Segs\u0113k\u013ci pied\u0101v\u0101 t\u0101das pa\u0161as priek\u0161roc\u012bbas k\u0101 mul\u010da, bet ar\u012b atbalsta labu augsnes strukt\u016bru un dren\u0101\u017eu ar savu sak\u0146u sist\u0113mu, un tos var nov\u0101kt pavasar\u012b, lai izmantotu k\u0101 za\u013cm\u0113slojumu.<\/p>\r\n V\u0113l viena vesel\u012bgas augsnes b\u016btiska sast\u0101vda\u013ca ir t\u0101s bag\u0101t\u012bba ar organismiem un dz\u012bv\u012bbai l\u012bdz\u012bgiem mikorizas s\u0113n\u012b\u0161u t\u012bkliem, labv\u0113l\u012bgaj\u0101m bakt\u0113rij\u0101m un kukai\u0146u sugu daudzveid\u012bbu.<\/p>\r\n Tie bie\u017ei vien ir pak\u013cauti lielam izn\u012bcin\u0101\u0161anas riskam, p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgi lietojot sint\u0113tiskos \u0137\u012bmiskos m\u0113slo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cus un pestic\u012bdus vai past\u0101v\u012bgi trauc\u0113jot augsni, izmantojot t\u0101dus pa\u0146\u0113mienus k\u0101 rototil\u0113\u0161ana.<\/p>\r\n Izmantojiet atbild\u012bgu praksi un ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgus resursus, kas veicin\u0101s biolo\u0123isko daudzveid\u012bbu j\u016bsu augsnes ekosist\u0113m\u0101, lai j\u016bsu zemi var\u0113tu apstr\u0101d\u0101t daudzus gadus un taj\u0101 audz\u0113t\u0101s kult\u016bras b\u016btu \u013coti barojo\u0161as.<\/p>\r\n Lai vislab\u0101k izmantotu konkr\u0113to augsnes tipu, ir j\u0101uztur laba augsnes vesel\u012bba un j\u0101audz\u0113 re\u0123ionam atbilsto\u0161as kult\u016bras, vienlaikus pievienojot nepiecie\u0161amos uzlabojumus.<\/p>\r\n Apsveriet, k\u0101di kult\u016braugi ir j\u016bsu re\u0123iona viet\u0113j\u0101s kult\u016bras un k\u0101 tie var\u0113tu b\u016bt piem\u0113roti gan j\u016bsu augsnei, gan klimatam, un veiciet augsnes p\u0101rbaudes, lai lab\u0101k izprastu augsnes \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 sast\u0101va specifiku.<\/p>\r\n Lai k\u0101da ar\u012b b\u016btu j\u016bsu augsne, past\u0101v\u012bgi to uzlabojiet, mul\u010d\u0113jot, pievienojot organisk\u0101s vielas un s\u0113jot segkult\u016bras, un j\u016bs laika gait\u0101 redz\u0113siet ieguvumus, ko tas sniedz j\u016bsu ra\u017eas kvalit\u0101tei un ra\u017eai.<\/p>\r\n 1. K\u0101da veida augsne parasti ir visizdev\u012bg\u0101k\u0101 lauksaimniec\u012bbai?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n Lauksaimniec\u012bbai vispiem\u0113rot\u0101kais augsnes veids ir m\u0101la augsne. M\u0101la augsne ir labi sabalans\u0113ts augsnes veids, kas sast\u0101v no smilts, d\u016b\u0146u un m\u0101la da\u013ci\u0146u mais\u012bjuma.<\/p>\r\n Tas nodro\u0161ina labas dren\u0101\u017eas sp\u0113jas, vienlaikus saglab\u0101jot pietiekamu mitrumu, nodro\u0161inot optim\u0101lu vidi augu sak\u0146u aug\u0161anai un bar\u012bbas vielu uzs\u016bk\u0161anai.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n 2. Cik daudz augsnes veidu past\u0101v?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n Parasti ir pieci galvenie augsnes veidi: smil\u0161aina augsne, m\u0101la augsne, d\u016b\u0146u augsne, k\u016bdras augsne un smil\u0161m\u0101la augsne. Katram veidam ir savas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, kuru pamat\u0101 ir smil\u0161u, m\u0101la, d\u016b\u0146u un organisko vielu kl\u0101tb\u016btnes \u012bpatsvars.<\/p>\r\n 3. K\u0101da veida smiltis vislab\u0101k saglab\u0101 savu formu?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n Smil\u0161u veids, kas vislab\u0101k saglab\u0101 savu formu, ir paz\u012bstams k\u0101 \u201cas\u0101s smiltis\u201d vai \u201cst\u016brain\u0101s smiltis\u201d. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no noapa\u013cot\u0101m smil\u0161u da\u013ci\u0146\u0101m, asaj\u0101m smil\u0161u da\u013ci\u0146\u0101m ir raupjas malas un t\u0101s savstarp\u0113ji savienojas, nodro\u0161inot lab\u0101ku stabilit\u0101ti un koh\u0113ziju.<\/p>\r\n \u0160\u012b \u012bpa\u0161\u012bba padara asas smiltis ide\u0101li piem\u0113rotas b\u016bvniec\u012bbas vajadz\u012bb\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, stabilu pamatu izveidei, k\u0101 ar\u012b augsnes dren\u0101\u017eas un aer\u0101cijas uzlabo\u0161anai d\u0101rzkop\u012bb\u0101 un ainavu veido\u0161an\u0101.<\/p>\r\n 4. Kuras divas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas ir svar\u012bgas augsnei vai zemei, ko izmanto lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n Divas svar\u012bgas augsnes vai lauksaimniec\u012bb\u0101 izmantojam\u0101s zemes \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas ir augl\u012bba un dren\u0101\u017ea. Augl\u012bba attiecas uz augsnes sp\u0113ju nodro\u0161in\u0101t nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s bar\u012bbas vielas un atbalst\u012bt augu aug\u0161anu. T\u0101 ir \u013coti svar\u012bga vesel\u012bgai kult\u016braugu att\u012bst\u012bbai.<\/p>\r\n Savuk\u0101rt dren\u0101\u017ea attiecas uz augsnes sp\u0113ju vad\u012bt lieko \u016bdeni, nov\u0113r\u0161ot slap\u0161anu un veicinot aer\u0101ciju. Pareiza dren\u0101\u017ea ir b\u016btiska, lai uztur\u0113tu optim\u0101lu augsnes mitruma l\u012bmeni un nov\u0113rstu ar \u016bdeni saist\u012btas probl\u0113mas lauksaimniec\u012bbas laukos.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n 5. Kura veida augsne satur visvair\u0101k \u016bdens?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n M\u0101lain\u0101 augsne parasti satur visvair\u0101k \u016bdens no da\u017e\u0101diem augsnes tipiem. M\u0101lajai augsnei ir smalka tekst\u016bra un t\u0101 sast\u0101v no maz\u0101m da\u013ci\u0146\u0101m, kas \u013cauj tai saglab\u0101t vair\u0101k \u016bdens nek\u0101 smil\u0161ain\u0101s vai m\u0101lain\u0101s augsn\u0113s.<\/p>\r\n Smalk\u0101s da\u013ci\u0146as rada nelielas spraugas, kas ilg\u0101k var notur\u0113t \u016bdeni, padarot to labv\u0113l\u012bgu kult\u016braugiem, kuriem nepiecie\u0161ams past\u0101v\u012bgs mitrums.<\/p>\r\n \u0160\u012b d\u016b\u0146ain\u0101s augsnes \u016bdens notur\u0113\u0161anas sp\u0113ja pal\u012bdz uztur\u0113t augu aug\u0161anu un samazin\u0101t sausuma stresa risku lauksaimniec\u012bbas laukos.<\/p>\r\n 6. Vai smiltis ir augsne?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n Smiltis ir augsnes sast\u0101vda\u013ca, ta\u010du pa\u0161as par sevi t\u0101s netiek uzskat\u012btas par augsni. Augsne ir miner\u0101lu da\u013ci\u0146u, organisko vielu, \u016bdens un gaisa mais\u012bjums.<\/p>\r\n Smiltis ir miner\u0101lu da\u013ci\u0146u veids, kas ir liel\u0101ka izm\u0113ra sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar d\u016b\u0146u un m\u0101la da\u013ci\u0146\u0101m. Kad smiltis apvienojum\u0101 ar citiem augsnes komponentiem ietekm\u0113 augsnes kop\u0113jo tekst\u016bru un sast\u0101vu, ietekm\u0113jot t\u0101s augl\u012bbu un dren\u0101\u017eas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas.<\/p>\r\n 7. K\u0101 pagatavot m\u0101la augsni?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n Lai pagatavotu m\u0101la augsni, varat s\u0101kt, sajaucot vien\u0101d\u0101s da\u013c\u0101s smiltis, d\u016b\u0146as un m\u0101lu. R\u016bp\u012bgi samaisiet \u0161\u012bs sast\u0101vda\u013cas, lai izveidotu labi sabalans\u0113tu augsnes tekst\u016bru.<\/p>\r\n Turkl\u0101t iestr\u0101d\u0101jiet organisk\u0101s vielas, piem\u0113ram, kompostu vai labi sapuvu\u0161us k\u016btsm\u0113slus, lai uzlabotu bar\u012bbas vielu saturu un augsnes strukt\u016bru.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n 8. K\u0101das ir tr\u012bs lauksaimniec\u012bbas revol\u016bcijas rakstur\u012bg\u0101s iez\u012bmes?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n Lauksaimniec\u012bbas revol\u016bciju raksturo tr\u012bs galvenie aspekti. Pirmk\u0101rt, t\u0101 ietv\u0113ra p\u0101reju no mednieku-v\u0101c\u0113ju dz\u012bvesveida uz nometn\u0113 dz\u012bvojo\u0161\u0101m lauksaimniec\u012bbas kopien\u0101m, kas izc\u0113la augsnes noz\u012bmi.<\/p>\r\n Otrk\u0101rt, t\u0101 ieviesa kult\u016braugu audz\u0113\u0161anu un dz\u012bvnieku pieradin\u0101\u0161anu p\u0101rtikas ra\u017eo\u0161anai. Visbeidzot, t\u0101 veicin\u0101ja lauksaimniec\u012bbas meto\u017eu un instrumentu att\u012bst\u012bbu, kas \u013c\u0101va palielin\u0101t p\u0101rtikas ra\u017eo\u0161anu un veicin\u0101t iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju skaita pieaugumu.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n Viegli p\u0101rraugiet kult\u016braugu att\u012bst\u012bbu, izmantojot jaun\u0101kos satel\u012btatt\u0113lus. Pievienojiet savas lauka robe\u017eas sist\u0113mai un vien\u0101 ekr\u0101n\u0101 piek\u013c\u016bstiet pilnam satel\u012btatt\u0113lu arh\u012bvam:<\/p> \t\t\t \t P\u0101rv\u0113rtiet satel\u012btu att\u0113lu kult\u016bru monitoringu lauka darbu pas\u0101kumos un g\u016bstiet labumu no datu balst\u012btu l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anas: <\/p> \t\t\t \t Kas ir augsne?<\/h2>\r\n
Augsnes veidi un to raksturojums ar galvenaj\u0101m iez\u012bm\u0113m<\/h2>\r\n
![\"Augsnes](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Soil-types_how-to-make-the-most-of_-7-min.jpg?resize=810%2C439&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\r\n1. Smiltis<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n
![\"Smil\u0161aina](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Sand.jpg?resize=810%2C439&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\r\n2. M\u0101ls<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n
![\"M\u0101la](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Clay.jpg?resize=810%2C439&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\r\n3. D\u016b\u0146u augsnes tips<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n
![\"D\u016b\u0146as\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Silt.jpg?resize=810%2C439&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\r\n4. Smil\u0161m\u0101ls<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n
![\"M\u0101ls](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Loam.jpg?resize=810%2C439&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\r\n5. Kr\u012bts<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n
![\"Kr\u012bta](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Chalk.jpg?resize=810%2C439&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\r\n6. K\u016bdras augsnes tips\u00a0<\/h3>\r\n
![\"K\u016bdra](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Peat.jpg?resize=810%2C439&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\r\nAugsnes tipu un to \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu noteik\u0161ana\u00a0<\/h2>\r\n
![\"Augsnes](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Soil-types_how-to-make-the-most-of_-9-min.jpg?resize=810%2C439&ssl=1\")
J\u016bsu augsnes kr\u0101sa var liecin\u0101t ar\u012b par noteiktiem augsnes tipiem, piem\u0113ram, k\u016bdras augsnes ir tum\u0161as kr\u0101sas un var b\u016bt gandr\u012bz melnas atkar\u012bb\u0101 no k\u016bdras satura procentu\u0101l\u0101 daudzuma.<\/p>\r\nK\u0101 maksim\u0101li izmantot augsni, zinot t\u0101s tipus un to \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas\u00a0<\/h2>\r\n
![\"K\u0101](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/geopard.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Soil-types_how-to-make-the-most-of_-8-min.jpg?resize=810%2C439&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\r\n
\r\nBie\u017e\u0101k uzdotie jaut\u0101jumi<\/h2>\r\n
\r\nLopkop\u012bbas uzraudz\u012bba ir b\u016btiska sast\u0101vda\u013ca, kas \u013cauj kult\u016braugu audz\u0113t\u0101jiem noteikt problem\u0101tisk\u0101s zonas un mazin\u0101t ra\u017eas zudumu risku. <\/h2>\n \t
\n \t\t\t\t
\n \t\t\t\t