{"id":5618,"date":"2022-10-07T15:35:41","date_gmt":"2022-10-07T13:35:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=5618"},"modified":"2023-05-27T19:37:02","modified_gmt":"2023-05-27T17:37:02","slug":"normalizuotas-dregmes-indekso-skirtumas-ndmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/lt\/blog\/normalized-difference-moisture-index-ndmi\/","title":{"rendered":"NormalizuotoSkirtumoDr\u0117gm\u0117sIndeksas"},"content":{"rendered":"

Skai\u010dius \u201eGeoPard\u201c palaikomi augmenijos indeksai<\/a> nuolat auga. \u201eGeoPard\u201c komanda pristato normalizuot\u0105 skirtumin\u012f dr\u0117gm\u0117s indeks\u0105 (NDMI). \u0160is indeksas nustato augalijos vandens kiek\u012f ir normalizuot\u0105 skirtumin\u012f vandens indeks\u0105 (NDWI). Jis naudingas ie\u0161kant viet\u0173 su esamais augalais. vandens stresas augaluose<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ma\u017eesn\u0117s NDMI vert\u0117s \u017eymi vietas, kuriose augalai patiria stres\u0105 d\u0117l nepakankamos dr\u0117gm\u0117s.
Kita vertus, ma\u017eesn\u0117s normalizuotos vandens indekso vert\u0117s, sekan\u010dios augmenijos pik\u0105, i\u0161ry\u0161kina vietas, kurios tampa vis labiau pa\u017eeid\u017eiamos. paruo\u0161tas derliaus nu\u0117mimui<\/strong> pirmas.<\/p>\r\n

\"Augalijos

Augalijos santykinio vandens kiekio skirtumas dviejuose palydoviniuose vaizduose (\u0161iuo atveju \u2013 \u201eSentinel-2\u201c \u017evaig\u017edyne).<\/p><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0160iuose ekrano kopijose galite rasti NDMI zonas, sugeneruotas pagal bir\u017eelio 19 d. (augalijos piko) ir liepos 6 d. palydovinius vaizdus, ir lyg\u010di\u0173 \u017eem\u0117lap\u012f, vaizduojant\u012f NDMI skirtum\u0105.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"NormalizuotasNDMI apskai\u010diuotas ant planetos vir\u0161aus \/ Sentinel-2 \/ Landsat vaizdas<\/p>\r\n

Kas yra dr\u0117gm\u0117s indeksas?<\/h2>\r\n

Tai matas arba skai\u010diavimas, naudojamas dr\u0117gm\u0117s kiekiui arba prieinamumui konkre\u010dioje vietov\u0117je arba regione \u012fvertinti. Paprastai jis apskai\u010diuojamas pagal \u012fvairius aplinkos veiksnius, tokius kaip krituliai, garavimas, dirvo\u017eemio savyb\u0117s ir augmenijos danga.<\/p>\r\n

Tai suteikia santykin\u012f rodikl\u012f apie vietov\u0117s dr\u0117gnum\u0105 arba sausum\u0105, pad\u0117damas nustatyti galim\u0105 vandens tr\u016bkum\u0105 arba sausros s\u0105lygas.<\/p>\r\n

Tai vertinga priemon\u0117 vandens i\u0161tekliams steb\u0117ti ir valdyti, \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio planavimui ir konkretaus regiono ekologin\u0117ms s\u0105lygoms suprasti.<\/p>\r\n

Kas yra normalizuotas dr\u0117gm\u0117s skirtumo indeksas?<\/h2>\r\n

Normalizuotas skirtuminis dr\u0117gm\u0117s indeksas (NDMI) yra augmenijos indeksas, gautas i\u0161 nuotolinio steb\u0117jimo duomen\u0173, skirtas augmenijos dr\u0117gm\u0117s kiekiui \u012fvertinti ir steb\u0117ti. Kaip ir kiti augmenijos indeksai, jis apskai\u010diuojamas naudojant spektrinio atspind\u017eio vertes i\u0161 palydovini\u0173 arba aerofotonuotrauk\u0173.<\/p>\r\n

Tai ypa\u010d naudinga stebint augal\u0173 vandens stres\u0105, vertinant sausros s\u0105lygas, gaisr\u0173 rizik\u0105 ir tiriant klimato kaitos poveik\u012f augmenijai.<\/p>\r\n

Jis apskai\u010diuojamas naudojant artimojo infraraudonojo spektro (NIR) ir trump\u0173j\u0173 bang\u0173 infraraudon\u0173j\u0173 spinduli\u0173 (SWIR) diapazonus, kurie yra jautr\u016bs augalijos dr\u0117gm\u0117s kiekiui. NDMI formul\u0117 yra:<\/p>\r\n

NDMI<\/strong> = (NIR \u2013 SWIR) \/ (NIR + SWIR)<\/em><\/p>\r\n

NDWI vert\u0117s paprastai svyruoja nuo -1 iki 1, kai didesn\u0117s vert\u0117s rodo didesn\u012f augalijos dr\u0117gm\u0117s kiek\u012f, o ma\u017eesn\u0117s \u2013 ma\u017eesn\u012f dr\u0117gm\u0117s kiek\u012f arba vandens stres\u0105 augmenijoje. Neigiamos NDMI vert\u0117s gali b\u016bti siejamos su neapaugusiomis sritimis arba sritimis, kuriose dr\u0117gm\u0117s kiekis yra labai ma\u017eas.<\/p>\r\n

Kas yra NDWI?<\/h2>\r\n

NDWI, arba normalizuotas skirtuminis vandens indeksas, yra nuotolinio steb\u0117jimo indeksas, naudojamas vandens kiekiui ar su vandeniu susijusioms savyb\u0117ms augmenijoje ar kra\u0161tovaizdyje kiekybi\u0161kai \u012fvertinti.<\/p>\r\n

Jis apskai\u010diuojamas analizuojant artimojo infraraudonojo spektro ir \u017ealios \u0161viesos juost\u0173 atspind\u012f i\u0161 palydovini\u0173 arba aerofotonuotrauk\u0173. Tai ypa\u010d naudinga vandens telkini\u0173 identifikavimui, vandens prieinamumo poky\u010di\u0173 steb\u0117jimui ir augmenijos sveikatos vertinimui.<\/p>\r\n

Lyginant skirting\u0173 bangos ilgi\u0173 absorbcij\u0105 ir atspind\u012f, gaunama vertingos informacijos tokioms reikm\u0117ms kaip sausros steb\u0117sena, hidrologin\u0117 analiz\u0117 ir ekosistem\u0173 valdymas.<\/p>\r\n

NDMI vizualizavimas normalizuoto skirtuminio vandens indekso nustatymui<\/h2>\r\n

NDMI vizualizavimas apima palydovini\u0173 arba aerofotonuotrauk\u0173 apdorojim\u0105, NDMI ver\u010di\u0173 apskai\u010diavim\u0105 ir rezultat\u0173 pateikim\u0105 spalvomis koduotame \u017eem\u0117lapyje arba paveiksl\u0117lyje. \u0160tai bendrieji NDMI vizualizavimo veiksmai:<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n
  • Gaukite palydovinius arba aerofotonuotraukas:<\/strong> Gaukite daugiaspektrinius vaizdus i\u0161 palydovo ar oro platformos, tokios kaip \u201eLandsat\u201c, \u201eSentinel\u201c arba \u201eMODIS\u201c. \u012esitikinkite, kad vaizduose yra reikiamos juostos: artimoji infraraudonoji spinduliuot\u0117 (NIR) ir trump\u0173j\u0173 bang\u0173 infraraudonoji spinduliuot\u0117 (SWIR).<\/li>\r\n
  • I\u0161 anksto apdorokite vaizdus:<\/strong> Priklausomai nuo duomen\u0173 \u0161altinio, gali tekti i\u0161 anksto apdoroti vaizdus, kad b\u016bt\u0173 i\u0161taisyti atmosferos, geometriniai ir radiometriniai i\u0161kraipymai. Konvertuokite vaizdo skaitmeninius skai\u010dius (DN) \u012f spektrinio atspind\u017eio vertes.<\/li>\r\n
  • Apskai\u010diuokite NDMI:<\/strong> Kiekvienam vaizdo pikseliui, naudodami artimojo infraraudon\u0173j\u0173 spinduli\u0173 (NIR) ir \u0161viesi\u0173j\u0173 spinduli\u0173 (SWIR) atspind\u017eio vertes, apskai\u010diuokite NDMI pagal formul\u0119: NDMI = (NIR \u2013 SWIR) \/ (NIR + SWIR).<\/li>\r\n
  • Spalv\u0173 atvaizdavimas:<\/strong> Priskirkite spalv\u0173 palet\u0119 NDMI reik\u0161m\u0117ms. Paprastai naudojama i\u0161tisin\u0117 spalv\u0173 skal\u0117 \u2013 nuo vienos spalvos (pvz., raudonos) ma\u017eoms NDMI reik\u0161m\u0117ms (rodan\u010dioms ma\u017e\u0105 dr\u0117gm\u0117s kiek\u012f) iki kitos spalvos (pvz., \u017ealios) didel\u0117ms NDMI reik\u0161m\u0117ms (rodan\u010dioms didel\u012f dr\u0117gm\u0117s kiek\u012f). Spalv\u0173 \u017eem\u0117lapiui sukurti galite naudoti toki\u0105 programin\u0119 \u012frang\u0105 kaip QGIS, ArcGIS arba programavimo bibliotekas, tokias kaip Python \u201eRasterio\u201c ir \u201eMatplotlib\u201c.<\/li>\r\n
  • Vizualizuokite NDMI \u017eem\u0117lap\u012f:<\/strong> Parodykite NDMI \u017eem\u0117lap\u012f arba vaizd\u0105 naudodami GIS programin\u0119 \u012frang\u0105, programavimo bibliotek\u0105 arba internetin\u0119 platform\u0105. Tai leis jums analizuoti augmenijos dr\u0117gm\u0117s kiekio erdvin\u012f pasiskirstym\u0105 ir nustatyti vandens tr\u016bkumo arba didel\u0117s dr\u0117gm\u0117s zonas.<\/li>\r\n
  • Interpretacija ir analiz\u0117:<\/strong> Naudokite NDWI vizualizacij\u0105 augmenijos sveikatai \u012fvertinti, sausros s\u0105lygoms steb\u0117ti arba gaisr\u0173 rizikai \u012fvertinti. Taip pat galite palyginti normalizuotus skirting\u0173 laikotarpi\u0173 vandens indekso \u017eem\u0117lapius, kad analizuotum\u0117te augmenijos dr\u0117gm\u0117s kiekio poky\u010dius laikui b\u0117gant.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

    Atminkite, kad skirtingos programin\u0117s \u012frangos priemon\u0117s ar programavimo bibliotekos gali tur\u0117ti \u0161iek tiek skirtingus darbo eig\u0105, ta\u010diau bendras procesas bus pana\u0161us. Be to, galite perdengti kitus duomen\u0173 sluoksnius, pvz., \u017eem\u0117s naudojimo, auk\u0161\u010dio ar administracines ribas, kad patobulintum\u0117te analiz\u0119 ir geriau suprastum\u0117te augmenijos dr\u0117gm\u0117s kiekio ir kit\u0173 veiksni\u0173 ry\u0161ius.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u201eGeoPard\u201c palaikom\u0173 augmenijos indeks\u0173 skai\u010dius nuolat auga. \u201eGeoPard\u201c komanda pristato normalizuot\u0105 skirtumin\u012f dr\u0117gm\u0117s indeks\u0105 (NDMI). Indeksas nustato augmenijos vandens\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":5620,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","_crdt_document":"","content-type":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[1586,1372,1377,1376,1378,1379],"tags":[1619,1618],"class_list":["post-5618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-product-features","category-blog","category-crop-monitoring","category-management-zones","category-remote-sensing","category-soil-data","tag-normalized-difference-vegetation-index","tag-crop-monitoring"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNormalized Difference Moisture Index - GeoPard Agriculture<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"GeoPard team introduces the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI). 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