{"id":5114,"date":"2022-06-21T13:57:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-21T11:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=5114"},"modified":"2023-06-04T21:49:13","modified_gmt":"2023-06-04T19:49:13","slug":"paseliu-derliaus-prognozavimas-naudojant-nuotolinio-stebejimo-duomenis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/lt\/blog\/predicting-crop-yield-with-remote-sensing-data\/","title":{"rendered":"Derliaus prognozavimas naudojant nuotolinio zondavimo duomenis tiksliame \u016bkininkavime"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nor\u0117dami prognozuoti pas\u0117li\u0173 derli\u0173, turime suprasti, kiek saul\u0117s \u0161viesos gauna augalai ir kiek vandens jiems reikia. Augal\u0173 augimas priklauso nuo \u0161i\u0173 dviej\u0173 veiksni\u0173, ta\u010diau augal\u0173 augimui \u012ftakos turi ir daugelis kit\u0173 veiksni\u0173, toki\u0173 kaip temperat\u016bra, dr\u0117gm\u0117 ir... dirvo\u017eemio tipas<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Pasaulyje u\u017eauginam\u0173 pas\u0117li\u0173 kiekis ir kokyb\u0117 yra pagrindinis veiksnys, turintis \u012ftakos apr\u016bpinimui maistu. Tai ypa\u010d svarbu besivystan\u010diose \u0161alyse, kuriose \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkis vis dar yra svarbi ekonomikos dalis.<\/p>\n

Nuotolinis steb\u0117jimas<\/a> Duomenys gali b\u016bti naudojami augal\u0173 gaunamos \u0161viesos kiekiui \u012fvertinti ir tokiu b\u016bdu prognozuoti pas\u0117li\u0173 derli\u0173. Nuotolinio steb\u0117jimo duomenys yra galinga priemon\u0117 pas\u0117li\u0173 derliui \u012fvertinti. Jie suteikia informacijos apie augan\u010dius augalus ir j\u0173 aplink\u0105, leid\u017eian\u010di\u0105 \u012fvertinti pas\u0117li\u0173 gamyb\u0105.<\/p>\n

Nuotolinio steb\u0117jimo duomenys yra duomen\u0173 analiz\u0117s forma \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkyje, kuri\u0105 galima naudoti derliui prognozuoti prie\u0161 derliaus nu\u0117mim\u0105. \u0160iame straipsnyje nagrin\u0117jama viskas, k\u0105 reikia \u017einoti apie nuotolinio steb\u0117jimo duomenis.<\/p>\n

Kas yra pas\u0117li\u0173 derliaus duomenys \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkyje?<\/h2>\n

Derliaus duomenys \u2013 tai informacija apie \u016bkininko arba \u016bkinink\u0173 grup\u0117s u\u017eauginto derliaus kiek\u012f. Tai apima i\u0161 hektaro \u017eem\u0117s nuimto derliaus kiek\u012f. Tai gali b\u016bti matuojama tonomis, bu\u0161eliais arba bet kokiu kitu matavimo vienetu, priklausomai nuo derliaus.<\/p>\n

\u016aki\u0173 derliaus duomenys yra svarb\u016bs \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkyje, nes jie gali pad\u0117ti \u016bkininkams nustatyti, kiek jie tur\u0117t\u0173 s\u0117ti kit\u0105 sezon\u0105. Be to, derliaus duomenys leid\u017eia jiems nustatyti, ar yra koki\u0173 nors problem\u0173 su j\u0173 pas\u0117liais, kurias reikia spr\u0119sti.<\/p>\n

Derliaus duomenys taip pat gali b\u016bti naudojami stebint pa\u017eang\u0105 siekiant vyriausybi\u0173, nevyriausybini\u0173 organizacij\u0173 ir kit\u0173 suinteresuot\u0173j\u0173 \u0161ali\u0173 nustatyt\u0173 pasaulini\u0173 tiksl\u0173.<\/p>\n

Be to, derliaus duomenys naudojami \u016bkininkavimo praktikos stipriosioms ir silpnosioms pus\u0117ms nustatyti ir remiantis \u0161ia informacija teikti rekomendacijas. Derliaus duomenys yra naudingi priimant pagr\u012fstus sprendimus d\u0117l daugelio \u016bkininkavimo aspekt\u0173, toki\u0173 kaip:<\/p>\n

\"Duomen\u0173<\/p>\n

S\u0117kl\u0173 pasirinkimas:<\/strong> Veisli\u0173 ir hibrid\u0173 pasirinkimas pagal derliaus duomenis gali pad\u0117ti u\u017etikrinti, kad laukai b\u016bt\u0173 aps\u0117ti pelningiausiomis s\u0117klomis.<\/p>\n

Kenk\u0117j\u0173 kontrol\u0117:<\/strong> Stebint augal\u0173 augim\u0105, derliaus duomenys gali pad\u0117ti \u016bkininkams nustatyti, kada prad\u0117ti taikyti kenk\u0117j\u0173 kontrol\u0117<\/a> priemon\u0117s. Tai gali suma\u017einti pesticid\u0173 naudojim\u0105 ir padidinti peln\u0105.<\/p>\n

Laistymo planavimas:<\/strong> Naudodamiesi informacija i\u0161 derliaus monitori\u0173, \u016bkininkai gali tiksliai suplanuoti dr\u0117kinimo proces\u0105, o tai padeda taupyti vanden\u012f ir pinigus, kartu i\u0161laikant didel\u012f derli\u0173.<\/p>\n

Kas yra nuotolinio steb\u0117jimo duomenys?<\/h2>\n

Nuotolinis steb\u0117jimas \u2013 tai mokslas, kurio metu informacija apie objekt\u0105 ar rei\u0161kin\u012f gaunama tiesiogiai su juo nesilie\u010diant ir ne\u012fsiterpiant. Jis naudojamas \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkyje pas\u0117liams, dirvo\u017eemiui ir dr\u0117gm\u0117s s\u0105lygoms steb\u0117ti.<\/p>\n

Nuotolinis steb\u0117jimas naudoja elektromagnetin\u0117s spinduliuot\u0117s (EMS) emisijas, tokias kaip radijo bangos, mikrobangos, infraraudonieji spinduliai, matoma \u0161viesa ir ultravioletiniai spinduliai.<\/p>\n

Nuotolinis pas\u0117li\u0173 steb\u0117jimas suteikia galimyb\u0119 laikui b\u0117gant matuoti pas\u0117li\u0173 augimo s\u0105lygas. Jis taip pat suteikia informacijos apie pas\u0117li\u0173 b\u016bkl\u0119 konkre\u010diais laiko ir erdv\u0117s momentais. \u0160i informacija gali b\u016bti naudojama pas\u0117li\u0173 derliui \u012fvertinti ir numatyti, kada derlius tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti nuimtas.<\/p>\n

Nuotoliniu b\u016bdu gauti duomenys gali b\u016bti naudojami \u017eem\u0117s naudojimo poky\u010diams matuoti, pas\u0117li\u0173 augimui ir \u016bkio derliui steb\u0117ti, dirvo\u017eemio dr\u0117gm\u0117s ir druskingumo lygiui nustatyti, kenk\u0117j\u0173 u\u017ekr\u0117timo lygiui nustatyti, aplinkos tar\u0161os lygiui steb\u0117ti ir kt.<\/p>\n

Taigi, pavyzd\u017eiui, jei vaik\u0161tote per lauk\u0105 ir stebite augalus, renkate apie juos duomenis. Jei vairuojate sraigtasparniu ar l\u0117ktuvu ir stebite augalus i\u0161 vir\u0161aus, renkate nuotolinio steb\u0117jimo duomenis.<\/p>\n

\u0160iems duomenims rinkti naudojama daug \u012fvairi\u0173 nuotolinio steb\u0117jimo metod\u0173 ir prietais\u0173: palydoviniai vaizdai, aerofotonuotraukos, radar\u0173 sistemos, lidaras ir kt.<\/p>\n

Kas yra pas\u0117li\u0173 derliaus prognozavimas?<\/h2>\n

Pas\u0117li\u0173 derliaus prognozavimas \u2013 tai procesas, kurio metu \u012fvertinamas potencialus arba numatomas konkretaus pas\u0117lio derlius tam tikroje vietov\u0117je ir vegetacijos sezonu.<\/p>\n

Tai apima \u012fvairi\u0173 veiksni\u0173, toki\u0173 kaip oro s\u0105lygos, dirvo\u017eemio savyb\u0117s, augal\u0173 genetika ir valdymo praktika, analiz\u0119, siekiant pagr\u012fstai prognozuoti tik\u0117tin\u0105 derli\u0173.<\/p>\n

Svarbu pa\u017eym\u0117ti, kad pas\u0117li\u0173 derliaus prognoz\u0117s yra neapibr\u0117\u017etos d\u0117l \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio sistem\u0173 sud\u0117tingumo ir nenusp\u0117jam\u0173 veiksni\u0173, toki\u0173 kaip kenk\u0117jai, ligos ir ekstremal\u016bs oro rei\u0161kiniai, \u012ftakos.<\/p>\n

Nors prognozavimo modeliai suteikia verting\u0173 \u012f\u017evalg\u0173, jie labiau padeda priimti sprendimus, o ne suteikia absoliut\u0173 tikrum\u0105.<\/p>\n

Kaip tai veikia?<\/h2>\n

\u0160ie duomen\u0173 \u0161altiniai yra sujungiami, siekiant sukurti skirting\u0105 derliaus prognozi\u0173 skai\u010di\u0173 svor\u012f, pagr\u012fst\u0105 dabartin\u0117mis auginimo sezono aplinkyb\u0117mis \u012fvairiuose regionuose.<\/p>\n

\u201eFarmers Edge\u201c duomen\u0173 mokslininkai derina \u0161iuos duomen\u0173 \u0161altinius su naujausiais ma\u0161ininio mokymosi pasiekimais, kad atnaujint\u0173 derliaus prognozi\u0173 \u012fver\u010dius, kai tik sutrikdomas svarbus derliaus komponentas.<\/p>\n

1. Ikisezoniniai duomenys<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prie\u0161sezoniniai duomenys turi b\u016bti tiksl\u016bs, kad b\u016bt\u0173 galima prognozuoti pas\u0117li\u0173 derli\u0173. \u0160i informacija prieinama prie\u0161 pasodinant pas\u0117lius ir sudaro s\u0105lygas pirmiesiems derliaus prognozi\u0173 rodmenims.<\/p>\n

Tokie duomenys kaip lauko vieta, dabartiniai ir ankstesni pas\u0117liai, konkre\u010diam laukui b\u016bdingi orai m\u0117nesiai prie\u0161 s\u0117j\u0105 ar sodinim\u0105, dirvo\u017eemio tyrim\u0173 informacija ir duomenys bei regionin\u0117s or\u0173 tendencijos per pastar\u0105j\u012f de\u0161imtmet\u012f yra sujungiami, kad b\u016bt\u0173 galima suprasti, kaip prad\u0117ti sezon\u0105 su tiksliais derliaus skai\u010diais, kuriuos galima numatyti.<\/p>\n

2. Sezono duomenys<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sezono metu surinkti duomenys suteikia \u012f\u017evalg\u0173 apie kintamuosius, kurie daro \u012ftak\u0105 \u016bkio derliui per vis\u0105 auginimo sezon\u0105 po to, kai jau pakloti pamatai.<\/p>\n

\u201eFarmers Edge\u201c \u016bkiuose \u012frengtos meteorologin\u0117s stotys teikia lauko duomenis, kurie papildo \u0161iuos duomen\u0173 rinkinius, pateikdami numatomas ir prognozuojamas vertes, kurios saugomos ir i\u0161 naujo nustatomos kiekvien\u0105 dien\u0105, kai gaunami duomenys, taip tobulinant modelius.<\/p>\n

Kiti sezono metu surinkti duomenys, pavyzd\u017eiui, tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 naudojimas, taip pat atsi\u017evelgiami sezono metu, nesvarbu, ar tai planuota, ar ne, siekiant pagerinti lauko diagnostik\u0105 ir pateikti prognozuojamas derliaus vertes.<\/p>\n

3. Konkretiems augalams skirti duomenys<\/strong><\/p>\n

Platus \u201eFarmers Edge\u201c vietini\u0173 agronom\u0173 tinklas taip pat gali teikti su konkre\u010diais augalais susijusius duomenis auginimo sezono metu.<\/p>\n

\u201eFarmers Edge\u201c agronomai nustat\u0117 su augalais susijusius duomenis, kurie turi \u012ftakos derliui auginimo sezono metu, \u012fskaitant vandens kiek\u012f pagrindiniais augimo etapais arba valandas vir\u0161 kardinalios temperat\u016bros augalams svarbiausiais derli\u0173 lemian\u010diais laikotarpiais, penkiems pagrindiniams augalams, kuriems prognozuojamas derlius (kukur\u016bzams, rapsams, l\u0119\u0161iams, soj\u0173 pupel\u0117ms ir kvie\u010diams).<\/p>\n

4. Pas\u0117li\u0173 ir lauk\u0173 vaizdai<\/strong><\/p>\n

Didel\u0117s skiriamosios gebos palydoviniai vaizdai naudojami NDVI pas\u0117li\u0173 sveikatos vert\u0117ms laukuose greitai ir tiksliai nustatyti, o tai leid\u017eia tyr\u0117jams ie\u0161koti klaiding\u0173 rezultat\u0173 arba regionini\u0173 problem\u0173, susijusi\u0173 su pas\u0117liais, kurios gali tur\u0117ti \u012ftakos derliui.<\/p>\n

\u0160ios regionin\u0117s tendencijos gali b\u016bti naudojamos siekiant nustatyti, ar vietov\u0117s atitinka prognozes, ar aplinkos veiksniai i\u0161kreip\u0117 pas\u0117li\u0173 derliaus prognozi\u0173 vertes.<\/p>\n

5. Histogramos duomenys<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eFarmers Edge\u201c derliaus prognozavimo modeliai naudoja didel\u0119 statistik\u0105, kad laikui b\u0117gant rast\u0173 skirting\u0105 lauko vaizd\u0173 pasiskirstym\u0105. Tai suteikia ai\u0161kumo konvoliuciniam neuroniniam tinklui, kuris gali naudoti \u0161iuos pakeitimus derliui prognozuoti didel\u0117se teritorijose, tokiose kaip Jungtin\u0117s Valstijos ar Kanada, vaizdams kei\u010diantis laikui b\u0117gant.<\/p>\n

\"Kas<\/p>\n

Nelengva numatyti derli\u0173 prie\u0161 nuimant derli\u0173 lauke, ta\u010diau \u201eFarmers Edge\u201c komanda d\u017eiaugiasi gal\u0117dama pateikti gamintojams \u016bkio derliaus prognozes, pagr\u012fstas i\u0161samia ir tikslia statistika.<\/p>\n

Kiekvienas duomen\u0173 \u0161altinis turi svor\u012f pas\u0117li\u0173 derliaus prognoz\u0117je, kur\u012f galima keisti atsi\u017evelgiant \u012f modelio parametrus.<\/p>\n

Kaip padidinti \u016bkio derli\u0173 taikant tiksli\u0105sias technologijas?<\/h2>\n

\u016akinink\u0173 kartos i\u0161tisas kartas diskutavo ir dirbo siekdami padidinti \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio derli\u0173. Kai kurie atrasti metodai buvo veiksmingi, kiti \u2013 neefektyv\u016bs.<\/p>\n

Be ne\u012fkainojamos ankstesni\u0173 kart\u0173 \u016bkinink\u0173 patirties, \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio pramon\u0117 dabar gali pasinaudoti \u0161iuolaikiniais mokslo ir technologij\u0173 pasiekimais.<\/p>\n

Pa\u017evelkime \u012f da\u017eniausiai \u016bkininkams taikomus b\u016bdus padidinti derli\u0173 ir kaip ankstesn\u0117 patirtis bei naujos technologijos gali b\u016bti panaudotos \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio produktyvumui didinti.<\/p>\n

1. Tinkamas dr\u0117kinimas<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u016akininkams, norintiems padidinti vidutin\u012f derli\u0173 i\u0161 akro savo \u016bkiuose, reikia gerai suprojektuotos dr\u0117kinimo sistemos. Tinkamas vandens kiekis augalams daro tiesiogin\u0119 \u012ftak\u0105 j\u0173 vystymuisi ir d\u0117l to \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio derlingumui.<\/p>\n

Or\u0173 prognoz\u0117s yra labai svarbios efektyviam dirbamos \u017eem\u0117s dr\u0117kinimui. D\u0117l \u0161iuolaikini\u0173 technologij\u0173, \u012fskaitant pritaikytas programas ir programin\u0119 \u012frang\u0105 \u016bkininkams, dabar \u012fmanomas itin lokalus or\u0173 prognozavimas.<\/p>\n

Tai daro tikslus dr\u0117kinimas<\/a> tai \u012fmanoma, nes \u016bkininkai gali i\u0161 anksto pasiruo\u0161ti ir kuo tiksliau bei efektyviau suplanuoti savo pas\u0117li\u0173 laistym\u0105.<\/p>\n

2. Dirvo\u017eemio tyrimai ir j\u0173 kokyb\u0117<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vienas i\u0161 svarbiausi\u0173 veiksni\u0173, daran\u010di\u0173 \u012ftak\u0105 pas\u0117li\u0173 derliui, yra dirvo\u017eemio kokyb\u0117 arba derlingumas. Be \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio produkcijos, dirvo\u017eemio kokyb\u0117 turi \u012ftakos tam, kiek \u016bkininkui kainuoja auginti tam tikr\u0105 augal\u0105, nes kai kuriems i\u0161 j\u0173 dirvo\u017eemyje reikalingi tam tikri konkre\u010di\u0173 element\u0173, toki\u0173 kaip mineralin\u0117s dalel\u0117s, organin\u0117s med\u017eiagos, vanduo ir oras, santykiai.<\/p>\n

\u016akininkai privalo reguliariai steb\u0117ti dirvo\u017eemio b\u016bkl\u0119 savo \u017eem\u0117s sklypuose, kad pasiekt\u0173 didesn\u012f \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio derli\u0173. S\u0117jomaina<\/a> yra vienas i\u0161 efektyviausi\u0173 b\u016bd\u0173, be kita ko, i\u0161laikyti dirvo\u017eem\u012f sveik\u0105.<\/p>\n

Augal\u0173 rotacija konkre\u010diame lauko sklype padeda i\u0161vengti dirvo\u017eemio nuovargio ir nutraukia vabzd\u017ei\u0173 ciklus, tod\u0117l padid\u0117ja \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio produkcija ir d\u0117l to vidutinis \u016bkio derlius i\u0161 akro.<\/p>\n

3. S\u0117kl\u0173 kokyb\u0117<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u016akinink\u0173 naudojam\u0173 s\u0117kl\u0173 kokyb\u0117 daro \u012ftak\u0105 \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio produkcijai. Tod\u0117l agrarininkams rekomenduojama savo dirbamose \u017eem\u0117se s\u0117ti tik sertifikuotas s\u0117klas, kurios pra\u0117jo visus b\u016btinus kokyb\u0117s patikrinimus, siekiant padidinti \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio derli\u0173.<\/p>\n

Sertifikuotos s\u0117klos gali b\u016bti brangesn\u0117s nei nesertifikuotos, ta\u010diau rezultatas bus vertas to, nes s\u0117kl\u0173 kokyb\u0117 yra vienas i\u0161 svarbiausi\u0173 element\u0173, turin\u010di\u0173 \u012ftakos pas\u0117li\u0173 produktyvumui.<\/p>\n

Be to, vienas i\u0161 aplinkai draugi\u0161kiausi\u0173 b\u016bd\u0173 padidinti pas\u0117li\u0173 produktyvum\u0105 yra naudoti tik auk\u0161tos kokyb\u0117s s\u0117klas. \u016akininkas gali patikrinti konkre\u010di\u0173 s\u0117kl\u0173 kokyb\u0119 susisiek\u0119s su atitinkama s\u0117kl\u0173 \u012fmone ir, jei reikia, suorganizav\u0119s individualius bandymus konkre\u010diame \u017eem\u0117s sklype.<\/p>\n

Be to, labai svarbu suprasti, kad s\u0117kl\u0173 kokyb\u0117 n\u0117ra am\u017eina ar nepakitusi. Nuo pat pas\u0117jimo \u012f \u017eem\u0119 s\u0117kl\u0173 gr\u016bdus reikia apsaugoti. Viena i\u0161 s\u0117kl\u0173 apdorojimo strategij\u0173, naudojam\u0173 tam pasiekti, yra s\u0117kl\u0173 dra\u017eavimas.<\/p>\n

Tai s\u0117kl\u0173 gr\u016bd\u0173 \u012fd\u0117jimo \u012f i\u0161orines med\u017eiagas technika, siekiant pagerinti j\u0173 savybes (svor\u012f, dyd\u012f) ir (arba) apr\u016bpinti juos veikliosiomis chemin\u0117mis med\u017eiagomis (mikroelementais, mikrob\u0173 inokuliantais, augimo reguliatoriais ir kt.), kad apsaugot\u0173 juos nuo augal\u0173 lig\u0173 ir paskatint\u0173 j\u0173 augim\u0105.<\/p>\n

4. Protingas tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 naudojimas<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u0105\u0161os<\/a> yra skirtos maitinti \u012fvairi\u0173 tip\u0173 dirvo\u017eem\u012f, skatinti augal\u0173 augim\u0105 ir didinti derli\u0173, ta\u010diau j\u0173 naudojimas tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti subalansuotas ir apdairus. Per didelis tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 naudojimas gali tur\u0117ti didel\u0117s \u012ftakos dirvo\u017eemio kokybei ir d\u0117l to \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio produktyvumui.<\/p>\n

Skirtingiems lauko regionams gali reik\u0117ti skirtingo dirvo\u017eemio tr\u0119\u0161imo lygio, tod\u0117l geriausias b\u016bdas yra tr\u0105\u0161as naudoti selektyviai, atsi\u017evelgiant \u012f skirting\u0173 lauko zon\u0173 poreikius. Toks tikslus lauko tr\u0119\u0161imo b\u016bdas palaiko sveik\u0105 dirvo\u017eem\u012f, tod\u0117l gaunamas didesnis vidutinis derlius i\u0161 akro.<\/p>\n

A Pas\u0117li\u0173 steb\u0117jimo programin\u0117 \u012franga<\/a> yra viena i\u0161 technologij\u0173 galimybi\u0173 \u0161iame kontekste. Joje yra lauko zonavimo \u012frankis, kuris, remdamasis palydovin\u0117mis nuotraukomis, padalija dirbam\u0105 \u017eem\u0119 \u012f 2\u20137 zonas ir nustato vietas, kurioms reikia skirti daugiau d\u0117mesio nei kitoms.<\/p>\n

Augintojai da\u017enai naudoja tiksli\u0105sias technologijas kaip vien\u0105 i\u0161 ekologi\u0161kiausi\u0173 b\u016bd\u0173 jam padidinti.<\/p>\n

5. Augal\u0173 apsaugos metodai<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u017demdirbiai, norintys padidinti derli\u0173, turi r\u016bpintis savo augalais vis\u0105 j\u0173 augimo laikotarp\u012f ir iki vegetacijos sezono pabaigos. \u016akininkai, atsi\u017evelgdami \u012f situacij\u0105, naudoja \u012fvairius junginius, kad suma\u017eint\u0173 pikt\u017eoli\u0173, kenk\u0117j\u0173 ir lig\u0173 \u012ftak\u0105 pas\u0117li\u0173 produktyvumui.<\/p>\n

Herbicidai, insekticidai, d\u017eiovikliai, augal\u0173 augimo reguliatoriai, fungicidai, adjuvantai ir kitos chemin\u0117s med\u017eiagos yra da\u017eni pavyzd\u017eiai. Augal\u0173 apsauga gali b\u016bti atliekama \u012fvairiais b\u016bdais. Pikt\u017eoli\u0173 \/ kenk\u0117j\u0173 kontrol\u0117 ir augal\u0173 lig\u0173 kontrol\u0117 yra du svarbiausi.<\/p>\n

6. Augal\u0173 lig\u0173 prevencija ir valdymas<\/strong><\/p>\n

Augal\u0173 infekcijos yra dar vienas didelis pavojus augintojo \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio rezultatams. \u016akininkai gali naudoti \u012fvairius augal\u0173 lig\u0173 prevencijos ir valdymo metodus, pavyzd\u017eiui, rinktis ligoms atsparias arba joms atsparias veisles, apdoroti s\u0117klas fungicidais ir naudoti pesticidus bei kitas pana\u0161ias med\u017eiagas besivystantiems augalams, priklausomai nuo lauke auginam\u0173 augal\u0173 r\u016b\u0161ies.<\/p>\n

Agrarininkai tur\u0117t\u0173 atkreipti ypating\u0105 d\u0117mes\u012f \u012f tai, kada jie naudoja \u0161ias ar kitas taktikas, kad jos tur\u0117t\u0173 did\u017eiausi\u0105 poveik\u012f. B\u016btina nepamir\u0161ti, kad savalaik\u0117 augal\u0173 apsauga yra labai svarbi \u016bkio derlingumui i\u0161 akro \u2013 kuo anks\u010diau problema bus nustatyta, tuo grei\u010diau ir lengviau j\u0105 bus galima i\u0161spr\u0119sti, ir kuo ma\u017eesnis lauk\u0173 plotas bus paveiktas, tuo ma\u017eiau bus paveikta.<\/p>\n

7. Pikt\u017eoli\u0173 ir kenk\u0117j\u0173 kontrol\u0117<\/strong><\/p>\n

Augimo sezono metu pagrindiniai \u016bkinink\u0173 i\u0161\u0161\u016bkiai yra pikt\u017eoli\u0173 ir kenk\u0117j\u0173 kontrol\u0117. Pavyzd\u017eiui, viena pikt\u017eol\u0117 gali i\u0161auginti daugiau nei 10 milijon\u0173 pikt\u017eoli\u0173 s\u0117kl\u0173, kurios, jei nebus greitai sunaikintos, gali gerokai suma\u017einti derli\u0173 tam tikrame lauke ir sukelti sunkum\u0173 daugel\u012f met\u0173. \u017dem\u0117s \u016bkio specialistai taip pat turi imtis holistini\u0173 priemoni\u0173 kenk\u0117j\u0173 antpl\u016bd\u017ei\u0173 prevencijai.<\/p>\n

\u016akininkai turi nuolat b\u016bti pasireng\u0119 greitai reaguoti \u012f kenk\u0117j\u0173 u\u017ekr\u0117timo problemas, nes kenk\u0117jai yra labai prisitaikantys ir greitai besidauginantys organizmai, kurie gali kelti gr\u0117sm\u0119 produktams konkre\u010dioje dirbamoje \u017eem\u0117je.<\/p>\n

Pas\u0117li\u0173 derliaus prognozavimas yra labai svarbus \u016bkininkams, nes tai tiesiogiai veikia j\u0173 pelno mar\u017e\u0105. Jei \u016bkininkas \u017eino, kokio derliaus gali tik\u0117tis i\u0161 savo \u017eem\u0117s, jis gali atitinkamai planuoti savo pas\u0117lius ir padidinti savo pelno mar\u017e\u0105. \u0160tai kod\u0117l svarbu tiksliai numatyti \u016bkio derli\u0173 prie\u0161 s\u0117jant bet kokius pas\u0117lius konkre\u010dioje \u017eem\u0117je.<\/p>\n

\"Derliaus<\/p>\n

Tai buvo svarbus agronomijos klausimas nuo seniausi\u0173 laik\u0173. Tai labai svarbu apr\u016bpinimui maistu, ypa\u010d sausros, potvyni\u0173 ar kit\u0173 stichini\u0173 nelaimi\u0173 metu.<\/p>\n

\u016akininkai taip pat naudoja pas\u0117li\u0173 derliaus prognozavim\u0105, kad priimt\u0173 sprendimus d\u0117l pas\u0117li\u0173 sodinimo ir derliaus nu\u0117mimo, atsi\u017evelgdami \u012f dirvo\u017eemio dr\u0117gm\u0117s kiek\u012f, kenk\u0117j\u0173 antpl\u016bd\u017eius ir kitus veiksnius, tokius kaip oro s\u0105lygos ir tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 poreikis.<\/p>\n

Kad b\u016bt\u0173 galima priimti labiau pagr\u012fstus sprendimus ir pagerinti augimo efektyvum\u0105 naudojantis \u016bkio derlingumo duomenimis, spustel\u0117kite \u010dia<\/a> u\u017esakyti demonstracin\u0119 versij\u0105 dabar.<\/p>\n

\n

Da\u017enai u\u017eduodami klausimai<\/h2>\n
\n

1. Kaip \u016bkininkai padidina savo pas\u0117li\u0173 derli\u0173?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u016akininkai didina pas\u0117li\u0173 derli\u0173 tvarkydami dirvo\u017eem\u012f, efektyviai dr\u0117kindami, taikydami s\u0117jomain\u0105 ir kenk\u0117j\u0173 bei pikt\u017eoli\u0173 kontrol\u0119. \u0160i praktika optimizuoja dirvo\u017eemio derlingum\u0105, vandens prieinamum\u0105 ir suma\u017eina kenk\u0117j\u0173 bei lig\u0173 skai\u010di\u0173, tod\u0117l padid\u0117ja pas\u0117li\u0173 produktyvumas.<\/p>\n

2. Kaip apskai\u010diuoti pas\u0117li\u0173 derli\u0173 i\u0161 hektaro\/sklypo?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

J\u012f galima i\u0161matuoti \u012fvairiais metodais ir taikant \u012fvairius veiksnius. Vienas \u012fprastas b\u016bdas \u2013 fizi\u0161kai nuimti reprezentatyv\u0173 pas\u0117li\u0173 m\u0117gin\u012f i\u0161 tam tikro ploto ir j\u012f pasverti. Tada \u0161is svoris ekstrapoliuojamas, kad b\u016bt\u0173 galima \u012fvertinti bendr\u0105 viso lauko ar \u016bkio derli\u0173.<\/p>\n

Pavyzd\u017eiui, jei m\u0117ginys sveria 100 kilogram\u0173, o lauko plotas yra 2 hektarai, derlius i\u0161 hektaro b\u016bt\u0173 50 kilogram\u0173.<\/p>\n

Be to, pa\u017eangios technologijos, tokios kaip nuotolinis steb\u0117jimas ir palydoviniai vaizdai, gali b\u016bti naudojamos pas\u0117li\u0173 sveikatai, augmenijos rodikliams ir biomasei \u012fvertinti, o tai suteikia verting\u0173 \u012f\u017evalg\u0173.<\/p>\n

Matuojant gr\u016bdus, taip pat atsi\u017evelgiama \u012f kitus veiksnius, tokius kaip gr\u016bd\u0173 kokyb\u0117, dydis ir rinkos vert\u0117. Pavyzd\u017eiui, jei m\u0117ginys sveria 100 kilogram\u0173, o lauko plotas yra 2 hektarai, derlius i\u0161 hektaro b\u016bt\u0173 50 kilogram\u0173.<\/p>\n

3. Kaip \u012fvertinate pas\u0117li\u0173 derli\u0173 prie\u0161 derliaus nu\u0117mim\u0105?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Derliaus nu\u0117mim\u0105 prie\u0161 derliaus nu\u0117mim\u0105 galima apskai\u010diuoti derinant kelis metodus.<\/p>\n

Vienas i\u0161 b\u016bd\u0173 \u2013 naudoti konkre\u010diam augalui pritaikytus augimo modelius, kuriuose atsi\u017evelgiama \u012f tokius veiksnius kaip sodinimo data, oro s\u0105lygos ir augal\u0173 sveikata, siekiant prognozuoti potencial\u0173 derli\u0173.<\/p>\n

Kitas metodas \u2013 naudoti nuotolinio steb\u0117jimo metodus, tokius kaip palydoviniai vaizdai ar dronai, siekiant \u012fvertinti pas\u0117li\u0173 gyvybingum\u0105 ir biomas\u0119.<\/p>\n

4. Kuri \u016bkininkavimo sistema duoda sveikesnius gr\u016bdus?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ekologinio \u016bkininkavimo sistemos da\u017enai siejamos su sveikesniais gr\u016bdais. Ekologiniame \u016bkininkavime vengiama naudoti sintetinius pesticidus, herbicidus ir geneti\u0161kai modifikuotus organizmus (GMO). Vietoj to, ekologiniai \u016bkininkai naudoja nat\u016bralias tr\u0105\u0161as, s\u0117jomain\u0105 ir biologinius kenk\u0117j\u0173 kontrol\u0117s metodus.<\/p>\n

\u0160i praktika padeda auginti gr\u016bdus, kuriuose n\u0117ra chemini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 liku\u010di\u0173, gali b\u016bti daugiau b\u016btin\u0173 maistini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 ir ma\u017eesnis pesticid\u0173 u\u017eter\u0161tumo lygis.<\/p>\n

Ta\u010diau svarbu atkreipti d\u0117mes\u012f, kad konkreti gr\u016bd\u0173 nauda sveikatai gali skirtis priklausomai nuo toki\u0173 veiksni\u0173 kaip dirvo\u017eemio kokyb\u0117, pas\u0117li\u0173 veisl\u0117 ir derliaus nu\u0117mimo praktika.<\/p>\n

5. Kaip pesticidai padidina pas\u0117li\u0173 derli\u0173?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pesticidai gali j\u012f padidinti apsaugodami augalus nuo \u012fvairi\u0173 kenk\u0117j\u0173, lig\u0173 ir pikt\u017eoli\u0173. Jie padeda kontroliuoti arba pa\u0161alinti kenksmingus vabzd\u017eius, grybelius, bakterijas ir kitus organizmus, kurie gali pa\u017eeisti ar sunaikinti pas\u0117lius.<\/p>\n

Suma\u017eindami kenk\u0117j\u0173 poveik\u012f, pesticidai leid\u017eia augalams augti energingiau, efektyviai naudoti maistines med\u017eiagas ir skirti daugiau i\u0161tekli\u0173 produktyviam augimui.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nor\u0117dami prognozuoti pas\u0117li\u0173 derli\u0173, turime suprasti, kiek saul\u0117s \u0161viesos gauna augalai ir kiek vandens jiems reikia. Augal\u0173 augimas priklauso nuo \u0161i\u0173 dviej\u0173\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":5119,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1657,1380,1378],"tags":[1599],"class_list":["post-5114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-precision-farming","category-whats","category-remote-sensing","tag-remote-sensing"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCrop yield prediction in Agriculture \ud83d\udcc8<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Crop yield prediction is the process of estimating the potential or expected yield of a specific crop for a given area and growing season. \ud83c\udf3e\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/lt\/tinklarastis\/paseliu-derliaus-prognozavimas-naudojant-nuotolinio-stebejimo-duomenis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Crop yield prediction in Agriculture \ud83d\udcc8\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Crop yield prediction is the process of estimating the potential or expected yield of a specific crop for a given area and growing season. \ud83c\udf3e\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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