{"id":2366,"date":"2021-12-21T10:43:37","date_gmt":"2021-12-21T09:43:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=2366"},"modified":"2023-07-11T14:29:57","modified_gmt":"2023-07-11T12:29:57","slug":"kas-yra-tresimas-ir-kaip-jis-veikia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/lt\/blog\/what-is-fertigation-and-how-does-it-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Kas yra fertigacija ir kaip ji veikia?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nors \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkyje tr\u0105\u0161os yra labai naudojamos, tradiciniai j\u0173 naudojimo b\u016bdai gali b\u016bti neefektyv\u016bs, o su jomis susij\u0119s nuot\u0117kis da\u017enai turi neigiam\u0173 pasekmi\u0173 vietos ekosistemai.<\/p>\n

Tr\u0119\u0161imas yra vienas i\u0161 daugelio tiksliojo \u016bkininkavimo metod\u0173, tai labai pritaikomas ir kei\u010diamo mastelio metodas, pla\u010diai naudojamas, nes supaprastina tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 naudojim\u0105 ir dr\u0117kinim\u0105 augalams, sujungiant juos \u012f vien\u0105 atliek\u0173 vengian\u010di\u0105 sistem\u0105.<\/p>\n

Tai jau kelis de\u0161imtme\u010dius populiari praktika tarp \u016bkinink\u0173 ir \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio specialist\u0173, o jos efektyvumas ir veiksmingumas tik did\u0117ja, nes ji integruojama su \u0161iuolaikin\u0117mis technologijomis, kurios ir toliau optimizuoja ir automatizuoja proces\u0105.<\/p>\n

Apibr\u0117\u017eiant tr\u0119\u0161im\u0105<\/h2>\n

Tr\u0119\u0161imas \u2013 tai tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 ar maistini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 \u012fterpimas \u012f \u016bkininkavimo sistem\u0105 per dr\u0117kinimo tinkl\u0105, kai maistin\u0117s med\u017eiagos i\u0161tirpinamos vandenyje ir v\u0117liau tiesiogiai absorbuojamos augal\u0173, kai jie sugeria vanden\u012f.<\/p>\n

\u0160is terminas jungia terminus \u2018tr\u0105\u0161os\u2019 ir \u2018dr\u0117kinimas\u2019 ir egzistuoja kaip koncepcija \u0161imtus met\u0173, kai senov\u0117s Romos \u016bkininkai i\u0161 tikr\u0173j\u0173 naudodavo nuotekas savo pas\u0117liams laistyti, nors nuo to laiko jis labai pasikeit\u0117.<\/p>\n

Jis gali b\u016bti naudojamas kartu su keliais skirtingais laistymo metodais, \u012fskaitant purk\u0161tuv\u0173, la\u0161elin\u012f ir mirkymo dr\u0117kinimo sistemas, nors la\u0161elinis dr\u0117kinimo tipas yra labiausiai suderinamas ir naudingiausias.<\/p>\n

Palyginti su juostiniu ar i\u0161barstymo tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 paskleidimo metodais, \u0161is metodas laikomas tiksliausiu ir kontroliuojamiausiu, be to, paprastai sunaudojamas ma\u017eesnis tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 kiekis, palyginti su kitais metodais.<\/p>\n

Tai taip pat \u012fprasta praktika hidroponin\u0117se arba bedirv\u0117s auginimo sistemose, nes tai yra bene papras\u010diausias b\u016bdas tiksliai dozuoti tinkamas maistines med\u017eiagas, reikalingas augalams \u0161iose sistemose.<\/p>\n

Nors tr\u0119\u0161imo sistemose naudojama daug jungini\u0173, da\u017eniausiai naudojami fosforas, kalis ir azotas, nes jie yra svarb\u016bs daugelio augal\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 augimui ir vystymuisi.<\/p>\n

Kaip veikia tr\u0119\u0161imo sistemos<\/h2>\n

Pagrindinis tr\u0119\u0161imo principas \u2013 vandenyje tirpias tr\u0105\u0161as i\u0161tirpinti dr\u0117kinimui naudojamame vandenyje, kad j\u0173 naudojimas b\u016bt\u0173 suderintas. Kadangi \u0161lapios \u0161aknys b\u016btinos efektyviam tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 \u012fsisavinimui, tai labai padidina tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 naudojimo efektyvum\u0105, u\u017etikrinant, kad jos pasiekt\u0173 \u0161aknis jau dr\u0117gnoje dirvoje.<\/p>\n

Tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 laikymo b\u016bdas gali skirtis priklausomai nuo sistemos, ta\u010diau jos da\u017enai laikomos skysto pavidalo, kur\u012f lengviau sumai\u0161yti su vandeniu nei daleles, kurias reikia i\u0161tirpinti. Kiekvieno tr\u0119\u0161imo tinklo ypatumai priklauso nuo \u016bkininkavimo masto ir dr\u0117kinimo sistemos tipo, o sud\u0117tingesn\u0117s operacijos gali b\u016bti atliekamos automati\u0161kai, o paprastesni, ma\u017eesni \u016bkiai tai darys rankiniu b\u016bdu.<\/p>\n

Paprastai skystos tr\u0105\u0161os laikomos didel\u0117je talpykloje, o tada la\u0161intuvas arba purk\u0161tuvas \u012f laistymo vanden\u012f \u012fpila tiksl\u0173 tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 kiek\u012f.<\/p>\n

Daugumoje regionini\u0173 \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio nuostat\u0173 reikalaujama, kad tr\u0119\u0161imo sistemose taip pat turi b\u016bti \u012frengtas atbulinio srauto prevencijos \u012ftaisas, kad b\u016bt\u0173 i\u0161vengta pirminio dr\u0117kinimo vandens tiekimo u\u017eter\u0161imo tr\u0119\u0161tu vandeniu, nes tai gali kelti pavoj\u0173 geriamojo vandens \u0161altini\u0173 u\u017eter\u0161imui agresyviomis chemin\u0117mis med\u017eiagomis.<\/p>\n

Maistini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 \u012fsisavinimo b\u016bdai tr\u0119\u0161iant<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u0119\u0161imo sistemos jau daugel\u012f met\u0173 yra populiarios \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio specialist\u0173, nes jos padidina efektyvum\u0105, kuriuo jos gali apr\u016bpinti augalus maistin\u0117mis med\u017eiagomis.<\/p>\n

Tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 i\u0161tirpinimas vandenyje ir pateikimas augalams skystu pavidalu leid\u017eia jas grei\u010diau \u012fsisavinti ir panaudoti nei tradicinis tr\u0119\u0161imas, ypa\u010d jei tai daroma prie \u0161akn\u0173 la\u0161eliniu dr\u0117kinimu.<\/p>\n

Nors tikslioji \u017eemdirbyst\u0117 egzistuoja jau ne vien\u0105 de\u0161imtmet\u012f, \u0161iuolaikin\u0117s inovacijos \u0161ioje srityje suteik\u0117 galimyb\u0119 taikyti tikslius tr\u0119\u0161t\u0173 tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 kiekius konkretiems pas\u0117liams ir suk\u016br\u0117 automatizuotas sistemas su pa\u017eangiais jutikliais, vo\u017etuvais ir \u012fpur\u0161kimo tinklais.<\/p>\n

Tr\u0119\u0161iamo vandens plitimo b\u016bdas skirtingose sistemose skiriasi, be to, kiekvieno \u017eem\u0117s ploto dirvo\u017eemio biogeochemin\u0117 sud\u0117tis skiriasi, ta\u010diau la\u0161elinio dr\u0117kinimo metu vanduo paprastai plinta \u012f i\u0161or\u0119 ir \u017eemyn nuo i\u0161leidimo ta\u0161ko, jud\u0117damas veikiamas gravitacijos. Sunk\u016bs molio dirvo\u017eemiai netinka tr\u0119\u0161imo sistemoms, nes tr\u0105\u0161os gali \u012fstrigti ir kauptis prie \u0161akn\u0173.<\/p>\n

\"tr\u0119\u0161imo<\/p>\n

S\u0117kming\u0173 tr\u0119\u0161imo sistem\u0173 k\u016brimas<\/h2>\n

Efektyvios ir s\u0117kmingos tr\u0119\u0161imo sistemos priklauso nuo tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 pasirinkimo ir pradinio dr\u0117kinimo tinklo konstrukcijos. La\u0161elinio dr\u0117kinimo sistemos yra labiausiai paplit\u0119s ir naudingiausias tipas, kur\u012f galima transformuoti \u012f tr\u0119\u0161imo sistemas, nes jos tiekia vanden\u012f ir maistines med\u017eiagas tiesiai \u012f augalo \u0161akn\u0173 zon\u0105, kad jos b\u016bt\u0173 greitai absorbuojamos ir panaudojamos.<\/p>\n

Pagrindiniai s\u0117kmingos sistemos k\u016brimo aspektai yra naudojam\u0173 tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 tipas, j\u0173 tirpumas, r\u016bg\u0161tingumas ir suderinamumas su tiksliniais augalais. Naudojamas mi\u0161inys tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti pagr\u012fstas auginam\u0173 augal\u0173 maistini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 poreikiais, o kintamo kiekio tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 (VRF) sistemos gali tiksliai nustatyti konkre\u010dius dirvo\u017eemio maistini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 poreikius.<\/p>\n

1 lentel\u0117je pateikiami kai kurie da\u017eniausiai tr\u0119\u0161ime naudojami junginiai ir j\u0173 cheminis skaidymasis, taip pat kaip j\u0173 tirpimo vandenyje geb\u0117jimas kinta kylant temperat\u016brai. Dauguma dr\u0117kinimo tinkl\u0173 dabar yra pagaminti i\u0161 plastiko ar pana\u0161i\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173, o tai svarbu, nes tam tikros tr\u0105\u0161os gali b\u016bti labai stiprios ir \u0117sdinan\u010dios metalinius vamzd\u017eius.<\/p>\n

Planuojant dirvo\u017eemio tvarkym\u0105 ir apskritai tr\u0119\u0161im\u0105, reikia atsi\u017evelgti \u012f jo tip\u0105 ir r\u016bg\u0161tingum\u0105, tod\u0117l labai svarbu parinkti tinkamus mi\u0161inius pagal dirvo\u017eemio tip\u0105, kad jis netapt\u0173 per daug r\u016bg\u0161tus ar \u0161arminis.<\/p>\n

Dar vienas s\u0117kmingo tr\u0119\u0161imo aspektas yra jungini\u0173, kuri\u0173 maistini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 tirpumas gerai atitinka j\u016bs\u0173 regiono dirvo\u017eemio ir vandens temperat\u016br\u0105, pasirinkimas. Optimaliam tr\u0119\u0161imo planavimui reik\u0117t\u0173 naudoti geoprini\u0173 \u017eem\u0117lapi\u0173 programin\u0119 \u012frang\u0105, kad b\u016bt\u0173 sukurtas daugiasluoksnis \u017eem\u0117lapis, atspindintis skirting\u0173 veiksni\u0173, toki\u0173 kaip dirvo\u017eemio elektrinis laidumas, pH, maistini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 tankis ir drena\u017eo modeliai, skirtumus, kad tinkamos med\u017eiagos b\u016bt\u0173 i\u0161tirpintos j\u016bs\u0173 dr\u0117kinimo sistemoje teisingais kiekiais.<\/p>\n

1 lentel\u0117: Da\u017eniausiai tr\u0119\u0161imui naudojam\u0173 jungini\u0173 suskirstymas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Sud\u0117tinis<\/strong><\/td>\nElektros <\/strong>Laidumas\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

(dS\/m)<\/strong><\/td>\n

pH\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nMaistin\u0117 med\u017eiaga\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nTirpumo talpa<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Esant 0 \u2103\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nEsant 20 \u2103 temperat\u016brai\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Amonio nitratas<\/span><\/td>\n0.7<\/span><\/td>\n5.5<\/span><\/td>\nAzotas<\/span><\/td>\n1183<\/span><\/td>\n1950<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Amonio sulfatas<\/span><\/td>\n1.4<\/span><\/td>\n4.5<\/span><\/td>\nAzotas<\/span><\/td>\n706<\/span><\/td>\n750<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kalcio nitratas<\/span><\/td>\n2.0<\/span><\/td>\n6.9<\/span><\/td>\nAzotas<\/span><\/td>\n1020<\/span><\/td>\n1294<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Diamonio fosfatas<\/span><\/td>\n0.6<\/span><\/td>\n7.8<\/span><\/td>\nAzotas <\/span>Fosforas\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n429<\/span><\/td>\n692<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Magnio chloridas<\/span><\/td>\n2.0<\/span><\/td>\n6.8<\/span><\/td>\nMagnis<\/span><\/td>\n528<\/span><\/td>\n546<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Magnio sulfatas<\/span><\/td>\n2.2<\/span><\/td>\n6.9<\/span><\/td>\nMagnis<\/span><\/td>\n260<\/span><\/td>\n356<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Monokalio fosfatas\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n0.7<\/span><\/td>\n4.6<\/span><\/td>\nKalis <\/span>Fosforas\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n142<\/span><\/td>\n225<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kalio chloridas<\/span><\/td>\n0.7<\/span><\/td>\n7.0<\/span><\/td>\nKalis<\/span><\/td>\n280<\/span><\/td>\n340<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kalio nitratas<\/span><\/td>\n0.7<\/span><\/td>\n7.0<\/span><\/td>\nAzotas <\/span>Kalis<\/span><\/td>\n130<\/span><\/td>\n320<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Karbamidas<\/span><\/td>\n2.7<\/span><\/td>\n7.0<\/span><\/td>\nAzotas\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n680<\/span><\/td>\n850<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tr\u0119\u0161imo suderinamumas su skirtingomis dr\u0117kinimo sistemomis<\/h2>\n

Geriausios tr\u0119\u0161imo sistemos yra tos, kurios sujungtos su la\u0161elinio dr\u0117kinimo linijomis, kad vanduo ir maistin\u0117s med\u017eiagos b\u016bt\u0173 tiekiamos tiesiai \u012f \u0161aknis pas\u0117li\u0173 zona<\/a> \u2013 nors techni\u0161kai tai galima padaryti naudojant bet koki\u0105 dr\u0117kinimo sistem\u0105.<\/p>\n

Laistymo sistemos turi kelet\u0105 reik\u0161ming\u0173 tr\u016bkum\u0173, nes didel\u0117 dalis tr\u0119\u0161to vandens patenka ant augal\u0173 lap\u0173 ir \u017ealumyn\u0173, tod\u0117l eikvojami vertingi i\u0161tekliai ir gali nudeginti trapius lapus arba prisid\u0117ti prie grybelini\u0173 lig\u0173 plitimo per stovin\u010di\u0105 dr\u0117gm\u0119.<\/p>\n

V\u0117jas taip pat gali nup\u016bsti tr\u0119\u0161to vandens debesis \u012f kaimyninius laukus ar vandens \u0161altinius, k\u0105 sunku apskai\u010diuoti ir kas gali u\u017eter\u0161ti vandens \u0161altinius, o tai gali sukelti pavojing\u0173 pasekmi\u0173.<\/p>\n

Geriausias b\u016bdas yra tiekti vanden\u012f ir maistines med\u017eiagas la\u0161eliniu dr\u0117kinimu po pavir\u0161iumi, nes taip sunaudojama kuo ma\u017eiau vandens, o augal\u0173 \u0161aknys jas greitai absorbuoja po i\u0161leidimo. Be to, la\u0161elinis dr\u0117kinimas, palyginti su laistymo sistema, leid\u017eia tiksliau ir kontroliuojamiau paskirstyti tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 kiek\u012f tam tikrose dirvo\u017eemio vietose, kad b\u016bt\u0173 patenkinti kiekvieno augalo poreikiai.<\/p>\n

La\u0161elinis dr\u0117kinimas taip pat reikalauja ma\u017eesnio sl\u0117gio nei purk\u0161tuv\u0173 sistemos, kas taip pat pasakytina ir apie laistymo \u017earnomis sistemas, ta\u010diau jos yra ma\u017eiau idealios nei po\u017eeminis la\u0161elinis dr\u0117kinimas, nes jos vis tiek laisto pavir\u0161iaus lygyje ir nepasiekia tokio paties tikslumo, nes vanduo i\u0161leid\u017eiamas i\u0161 viso \u017earnos pavir\u0161iaus ploto.<\/p>\n

\"Tr\u0119\u0161imo<\/p>\n

Tr\u0119\u0161imo privalumai<\/h2>\n

Tinkamai \u012frengtos tr\u0119\u0161imo sistemos gali b\u016bti labai naudingos \u016bkininkavimo specialistams d\u0117l keli\u0173 prie\u017eas\u010di\u0173. Pirma, tai labai efektyvus b\u016bdas paskirstyti tr\u0105\u0161as \u2018nu\u017eudyk du zuikius vienu \u0161\u016bviu\u2019, vienu metu laistant ir tr\u0119\u0161iant pas\u0117lius.<\/p>\n

Tai taip pat rei\u0161kia, kad ta pati vamzdyn\u0173 \u012franga ir infrastrukt\u016bra gali b\u016bti naudojami dviem esminiams produktams, tod\u0117l tai yra ekonomi\u0161kai efektyvus metodas. Tai taip pat ekonomi\u0161kai naudinga, nes tikslus tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 naudojimas naudojant jau ir taip efektyvi\u0105 sistem\u0105, pavyzd\u017eiui, la\u0161elin\u012f dr\u0117kinim\u0105, rei\u0161kia, kad taupomi i\u0161tekliai ir reikia naudoti tik tikslius kiekius.<\/p>\n

Palyginti su tradiciniu metodu, kai keliuose laukuose pur\u0161kiama vienodu tankiu tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 sluoksniu, nuostoliai yra minimal\u016bs. Kadangi tr\u0105\u0161as pas\u0117liams reikia naudoti re\u010diau nei laistyti, j\u0173 kiek\u012f galima padidinti arba suma\u017einti pagal poreik\u012f, neperjungiant sistemos, nes net ir sunkiems augalams nereik\u0117s da\u017enesnio tr\u0119\u0161imo nei laistymo.<\/p>\n

Ma\u017eesni, bet da\u017enesni tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 kiekiai, naudojami pas\u0117liams, taip pat yra prana\u0161esni, nes paprastai suma\u017eina drusk\u0173 kaupimosi tikimyb\u0119, palyginti su didesniais, bet retais tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 kiekiais, barstant juostomis ar i\u0161sklaidant.<\/p>\n

Jis buvo naudojamas sausringose klimato zonose, kuriose tr\u016bksta vandens, siekiant pagerinti kiekvieno naudojamo vandens la\u0161o potencial\u0105 ir u\u017etikrinti, kad kiekvienas dr\u0117gno dirvo\u017eemio lopin\u0117lis b\u016bt\u0173 panaudotas vienu metu tiekiant b\u016btinas tr\u0105\u0161as.<\/p>\n

Ne tik tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 koncentracijos yra grie\u017etai kontroliuojamos, bet ir la\u0161elinio tr\u0119\u0161imo sistemose vandens i\u0161leidimo ta\u0161kai yra tikslesni, tod\u0117l augal\u0173 \u0161aknys gali greitai absorbuoti maistines med\u017eiagas jas panaudojus, o ne tiesiog absorbuoti \u012f tu\u0161\u010dius ir sausus dirvo\u017eemio plotus, kur jos \u0161vaistomos.<\/p>\n

\u0160aknys taip pat jau b\u016bna dr\u0117gnos, kai gauna tr\u0105\u0161as, tod\u0117l suma\u017e\u0117ja \u0161akn\u0173 deginimas ir padid\u0117ja j\u0173 \u012fsisavinimo paj\u0117gumas.<\/p>\n

\u0160is tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 tiekimo tiesiai \u012f \u0161aknis b\u016bdas suma\u017eina maistini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 i\u0161plovimo tikimyb\u0119, nes laikas, kur\u012f tr\u0105\u0161os praleid\u017eia \u2018ne\u017einomoje b\u016bsenoje\u2019 nuo j\u0173 panaudojimo iki \u012fsisavinimo, yra labai trumpas, tod\u0117l yra ma\u017eesn\u0117 nuot\u0117kio d\u0117l lietaus ar pana\u0161i\u0173 oro s\u0105lyg\u0173 rizika.<\/p>\n

Tyrimai rodo, kad tinkamai \u012frengus ir tinkamai \u012frengus, la\u0161elinis tr\u0119\u0161imas gali gerokai padidinti derlius<\/a>, pagerinti vandens produktyvum\u0105 ir smarkiai suma\u017einti tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 \u0161vaistym\u0105.<\/p>\n

\"Tr\u0119\u0161imo<\/p>\n

Tr\u0119\u0161imo tr\u016bkumai<\/h2>\n

Tr\u0119\u0161imo sistem\u0173 tr\u016bkumai daugiausia susij\u0119 su ekonominiais tr\u016bkumais, nes sistemose, kurioms reikia minimali\u0173 investicij\u0173, didesn\u0117 tikimyb\u0117 susidurti su infrastrukt\u016bros ir nuot\u0117kio problemomis. Nesant labai auk\u0161tos kokyb\u0117s prevencinio atbulinio srauto \u012ftaiso, yra didel\u0117 rizika, kad dr\u0117kinimui naudojamas g\u0117lo vandens \u0161altinis gali b\u016bti u\u017eter\u0161tas tr\u0119\u0161tu vandeniu.<\/p>\n

Tai kelia akivaizd\u0173 pavoj\u0173 \u017emoni\u0173 sveikatai, bet taip pat ir vietos vandens telkini\u0173, floros bei faunos sveikatai ir gali prisid\u0117ti prie bendros vietos biomos tar\u0161os.<\/p>\n

\u017demesn\u0117s kokyb\u0117s ar senesn\u0117 \u012franga arba didelius atstumus besit\u0119sianti vamzdyn\u0173 infrastrukt\u016bra gali tur\u0117ti nevienod\u0173 tirpal\u0173, nes tr\u0105\u0161os, jud\u0117damos dr\u0117kinimo linijomis, praskiestos vandenyje, tod\u0117l suma\u017e\u0117ja sistemos efektyvumas ir gali b\u016bti pertr\u0119\u0161iamos kai kurios kult\u016bros, o kitos \u2013 nepakankamai.<\/p>\n

Priklausomai nuo dr\u0117kinimo vandens chemin\u0117s sud\u0117ties, taip pat gali kilti reakcij\u0173 tarp magnio arba kalcio pagrindo tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 ir vandenyje esan\u010di\u0173 bikarbonat\u0173.<\/p>\n

Tai da\u017eniau pasitaiko, kai vandens \u0161altinis yra i\u0161 \u0161ulinio arba gruntinio vandens, ir vandenyje gali b\u016bti \u0161iek tiek didesn\u0117 i\u0161tirpusi\u0173 kalki\u0173 arba gele\u017eies koncentracija, kuri reaguoja su tr\u0105\u0161omis arba tiesiog kaupiasi ir i\u0161krenta \u012f nuos\u0117das.<\/p>\n

Cheminis u\u017esikim\u0161imas gali paa\u0161trinti nevienodo maistini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 naudojimo pas\u0117liams problemas, blokuodamas dr\u0117kinimo sistemos i\u0161leidimo ta\u0161kus. Sprendimai apima vandens pH manipuliavim\u0105, ma\u017eos koncentracijos fosfonat\u0173 \u012fpur\u0161kim\u0105 \u012f vanden\u012f arba jo pumpavim\u0105 \u012f atskir\u0105 bak\u0105 ar rezervuar\u0105, kuriame nuos\u0117dos gali nus\u0117sti prie\u0161 naudojant tr\u0105\u0161as.<\/p>\n

Vertinga tiksliosios \u017eemdirbyst\u0117s praktika<\/strong><\/p>\n

Apskritai ji pasirod\u0117 esanti svarbi \u0161iuolaikini\u0173 \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio sistem\u0173 dalis ir atliko bei atliks svarb\u0173 vaidmen\u012f skleid\u017eiant tiksliosios \u017eemdirbyst\u0117s diegim\u0105.<\/p>\n

Tr\u0119\u0161imas \u012fveikia tradicinio tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 naudojimo apribojimus, nes u\u017etikrina auk\u0161tesn\u012f tiksli\u0173 tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 kieki\u0173 ir norm\u0173, kuriais jos duodamos pas\u0117liams, kontrol\u0117s lyg\u012f, be to, tai daroma pagal tiksl\u0173 grafik\u0105, u\u017etikrinant auk\u0161t\u0105 maistini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 \u012fsisavinimo lyg\u012f ir minimal\u0173 j\u0173 \u0161vaistym\u0105.<\/p>\n

Ypa\u010d kai \u0161i praktika naudojama la\u0161elinio dr\u0117kinimo sistemoje, ji \u012fk\u016bnija daugel\u012f tiksliosios \u017eemdirbyst\u0117s pagrind\u0173 ir padeda \u017eem\u0117s valdytojams priimti ekonomi\u0161kus ir tvarius sprendimus d\u0117l tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 naudojimo, kurie ne tik padidina derli\u0173, bet ir prisideda prie \u016bkininkavimo ilgaam\u017ei\u0161kumo.<\/p>\n

\n

Da\u017enai u\u017eduodami klausimai<\/h2>\n
\n

1. Kaip veikia la\u0161elinis dr\u0117kinimas?<\/strong><\/p>\n

La\u0161elinis dr\u0117kinimas yra vanden\u012f taupantis b\u016bdas dr\u0117gm\u0119 tiekti tiesiai \u012f augal\u0173 \u0161aknis. Tai apima vamzd\u017ei\u0173 ar vamzdeli\u0173 su ma\u017eomis skylut\u0117mis arba skleidikliais, i\u0161d\u0117stytais \u0161alia augal\u0173 pagrindo, tinkl\u0105. Per \u0161iuos skleidiklius vanduo la\u0161a l\u0117tai ir tolygiai, tod\u0117l augalai gali j\u012f efektyviai sugerti ne\u0161vaistydami.<\/p>\n

\u0160is tikslinis metodas suma\u017eina garavim\u0105 ir nuot\u0117k\u012f, tuo pa\u010diu maksimaliai padidindamas vandens absorbcij\u0105, skatindamas sveik\u0105 augal\u0173 augim\u0105 ir ma\u017eindamas vandens sunaudojim\u0105 \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkyje ir soduose. La\u0161elinis dr\u0117kinimas u\u017etikrina, kad augalai gaut\u0173 reikiam\u0105 vandens kiek\u012f, taupant i\u0161teklius ir palaikant tvari\u0105 \u016bkininkavimo praktik\u0105.<\/p>\n

2. K\u0105 tr\u0119\u0161imas leid\u017eia gamintojui? Kas per j\u012f taikoma pas\u0117liams ir dirvo\u017eemiui?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tai leid\u017eia gamintojams sujungti dr\u0117kinimo ir tr\u0119\u0161imo privalumus vienu metu.<\/p>\n

Tai leid\u017eia jiems per dr\u0117kinimo sistem\u0105 tiekti tr\u0105\u0161as tiesiai \u012f augal\u0173 \u0161aknis. \u0160is metodas u\u017etikrina, kad augalai gaut\u0173 reikiamas maistines med\u017eiagas b\u016btent tada, kai j\u0173 reikia, pagerinant maistini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 \u012fsisavinim\u0105 ir skatinant sveik\u0105 augim\u0105.<\/p>\n

Tai taip pat leid\u017eia geriau kontroliuoti maistini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 paskirstym\u0105, suma\u017einti tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 atliekas ir tikslingai bei efektyviai valdyti maistines med\u017eiagas, tod\u0117l padid\u0117ja pas\u0117li\u0173 derlius ir bendras gamintoj\u0173 produktyvumas.<\/p>\n

3. Kuo skiriasi dr\u0117kinimas ir tr\u0119\u0161imas?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Laistymas \u2013 tai augal\u0173 apr\u016bpinimo vandeniu procesas, siekiant patenkinti j\u0173 dr\u0117gm\u0117s poreikius. Tai apima vandens tiekim\u0105 \u012f dirvo\u017eem\u012f \u012fvairiais b\u016bdais, tokiais kaip purk\u0161tuvai, u\u017eliejimo dr\u0117kinimas arba la\u0161elin\u0117s laistymo sistemos. Kita vertus, tai yra tr\u0105\u0161\u0173 naudojimas augalams per laistymo sistem\u0105.<\/p>\n

4. Kaip veikia tr\u0105\u0161os? Kod\u0117l \u016bkininkai jas naudoja?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u0105\u0161os \u2013 tai med\u017eiagos, dedamos \u012f dirvo\u017eem\u012f ar augalus, kad apr\u016bpint\u0173 juos b\u016btinomis maistin\u0117mis med\u017eiagomis, kuri\u0173 gali tr\u016bkti nat\u016bralioje aplinkoje. Tr\u0105\u0161ose yra koncentruotas kiekis pagrindini\u0173 element\u0173, toki\u0173 kaip azotas, fosforas ir kalis, kurie yra b\u016btini augal\u0173 augimui.<\/p>\n

Tr\u0105\u0161os, \u012fterptos \u012f dirvo\u017eem\u012f ar augalus, i\u0161tirpsta vandenyje ir i\u0161skiria \u0161ias maistines med\u017eiagas. Augalai pasisavina maistines med\u017eiagas per \u0161aknis ir panaudoja jas gyvybi\u0161kai svarbiems procesams, tokiems kaip fotosintez\u0117 ir baltym\u0173 sintez\u0117, tod\u0117l auga sveikiau ir produktyviau.<\/p>\n

Tr\u0105\u0161os padeda kompensuoti maistini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 tr\u016bkum\u0105, didina dirvo\u017eemio derlingum\u0105 ir skatina stipr\u0173 augal\u0173 vystym\u0105si.<\/p>\n

5. Kaip \u016bkininkai laisto savo pas\u0117lius?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u016akininkai laisto savo pas\u0117lius \u012fvairiais b\u016bdais, priklausomai nuo toki\u0173 veiksni\u0173 kaip pas\u0117li\u0173 tipas, dirvo\u017eemio s\u0105lygos ir vandens prieinamumas. \u012eprasti metodai yra vir\u0161utiniai laistymo \u012frenginiai, vaginis dr\u0117kinimas, u\u017eliejamas dr\u0117kinimas ir la\u0161elinis dr\u0117kinimas.<\/p>\n

Vir\u0161utiniai purk\u0161tuvai paskirsto vanden\u012f po pas\u0117li\u0173 plot\u0105 smulki\u0173 la\u0161eli\u0173 pavidalu, pana\u0161iai kaip krituli\u0173. Vag\u0173 dr\u0117kinimas \u2013 tai negili\u0173 kanal\u0173 suk\u016brimas tarp pas\u0117li\u0173 eili\u0173 ir j\u0173 u\u017epildymas vandeniu.<\/p>\n

U\u017eliejamo dr\u0117kinimo atveju visas laukas u\u017eliejamas vandeniu, leid\u017eiant jam \u012fsigerti \u012f dirv\u0105. La\u0161elinio dr\u0117kinimo atveju vanduo tiekiamas tiesiai \u012f augal\u0173 \u0161aknis per vamzd\u017ei\u0173 ar vamzdeli\u0173 tinkl\u0105 su ma\u017eais skleidikliais, taip suma\u017einant vandens \u0161vaistym\u0105 ir padidinant efektyvum\u0105. \u016akininkai pasirenka tinkamiausi\u0105 metod\u0105, atsi\u017evelgdami \u012f savo konkre\u010dius poreikius ir i\u0161teklius.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nors \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkyje tr\u0105\u0161os yra labai naudojamos, tradiciniai j\u0173 naudojimo b\u016bdai gali b\u016bti neefektyv\u016bs, o su jomis susij\u0119s nuot\u0117kis da\u017enai turi neigiam\u0173 pasekmi\u0173\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":2376,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1380],"tags":[1652],"class_list":["post-2366","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-whats","tag-fertigation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is fertigation?\ud83d\ude9c<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How does the fertigation system work and why it is good to grow crops using this? 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