{"id":5618,"date":"2022-10-07T15:35:41","date_gmt":"2022-10-07T13:35:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=5618"},"modified":"2026-09-13T10:54:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-13T08:54:54","slug":"normalizirani-indeks-razlike-vlage-ndmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/hr\/blog\/normalized-difference-moisture-index-ndmi\/","title":{"rendered":"Normalizirani indeks vlage"},"content":{"rendered":"

Broj Vegetacijski indeksi koje podr\u017eava GeoPard<\/a> neprestano raste. GeoPard tim predstavlja Indeks normaliziranih razlika vlage (NDMI). Indeks odre\u0111uje sadr\u017eaj vode u vegetaciji i Indeks normaliziranih razlika vode (NDWI). Koristan je za pronala\u017eenje mjesta s postoje\u0107im vodni stres u biljkama<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ni\u017ee NDMI vrijednosti ozna\u010davaju mjesta na kojima su biljke pod stresom zbog nedovoljne vlage.
S druge strane, ni\u017ee normalizirane vrijednosti indeksa razlike vode nakon vegetacijskog vrhunca isti\u010du mjesta koja postaju Spremno za berbu<\/strong> prvo.<\/p>\r\n

\"Razlika

Razlika u sadr\u017eaju vode u vegetaciji izme\u0111u dviju satelitskih snimaka (u ovom slu\u010daju, konstelacija Sentinel-2)<\/p><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Na sljede\u0107im snimkama zaslona mo\u017eete prona\u0107i NDMI zone generirane na temelju satelitskih snimaka od 19. lipnja (vrhunac vegetacije) i 6. srpnja te kartu jednad\u017ebi koja prikazuje razliku NDMI-ja.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"NormaliziraniNDMI izra\u010dunat na Planet \/ Sentinel-2 \/ Landsat slici<\/p>\r\n

Indeks vlage<\/h2>\r\n

To je mjera ili izra\u010dun koji se koristi za procjenu sadr\u017eaja ili dostupnosti vlage u odre\u0111enom podru\u010dju ili regiji. Obi\u010dno se izvodi iz raznih faktora okoli\u0161a kao \u0161to su oborine, evapotranspiracija, svojstva tla i pokrovnost vegetacije.<\/p>\r\n

Pru\u017ea relativnu naznaku vla\u017enosti ili suho\u0107e nekog podru\u010dja, poma\u017eu\u0107i u prepoznavanju potencijalnog stresa zbog nedostatka vode ili su\u0161e.<\/p>\r\n

Predstavlja vrijedan alat za nadzor i upravljanje vodnim resursima, poljoprivredno planiranje i razumijevanje ekolo\u0161kih uvjeta odre\u0111enog podru\u010dja.<\/p>\r\n

Indeks normaliziranih razlika vlage<\/h2>\r\n

Indeks vla\u017enosti (NDMI) normaliziran razlikom je biljni indeks izveden iz podataka daljinskih istra\u017eivanja za procjenu i pra\u0107enje sadr\u017eaja vlage u vegetaciji. Kao i drugi biljni indeksi, izra\u010dunava se pomo\u0107u vrijednosti spektralnog odraza sa satelitskih ili zra\u010dnih snimaka.<\/p>\r\n

Posebno je korisno u pra\u0107enju vodnog stresa biljaka, procjeni uvjeta su\u0161e, predvi\u0111anju rizika od po\u017eara i prou\u010davanju utjecaja klimatskih promjena na vegetaciju.<\/p>\r\n

Izra\u010dunava se pomo\u0107u blisko-infracrvenih (NIR) i kratkovalnih infracrvenih (SWIR) pojaseva, koji su osjetljivi na sadr\u017eaj vlage u vegetaciji. Formula za NDMI je:<\/p>\r\n

NDMI<\/strong> = (NIR \u2013 SWIR) \/ (NIR + SWIR)<\/em><\/p>\r\n

NDWI vrijednosti se obi\u010dno kre\u0107u od -1 do 1, pri \u010demu vi\u0161e vrijednosti ukazuju na ve\u0107i sadr\u017eaj vlage u vegetaciji, a ni\u017ee vrijednosti ukazuju na ni\u017ei sadr\u017eaj vlage ili vodeni stres u vegetaciji. Negativne NDMI vrijednosti mogu se povezati s podru\u010djima bez vegetacije ili podru\u010djima s vrlo niskim sadr\u017eajem vlage.<\/p>\r\n

\u0160to je NDWI?<\/h2>\r\n

NDWI, ili Indeks normalizirane razlike vode, indeks je daljinskog istra\u017eivanja koji se koristi za kvantificiranje i procjenu sadr\u017eaja vode ili zna\u010dajki povezanih s vodom u vegetaciji ili krajoliku.<\/p>\r\n

Izra\u010dunava se analizom refleksije bliskog infracrvenog i zelenog svjetlosnog pojasa sa satelitskih ili zra\u010dnih snimaka. Posebno je korisna za identificiranje vodenih povr\u0161ina, pra\u0107enje promjena u dostupnosti vode i procjenu zdravlja vegetacije.<\/p>\r\n

Uspore\u0111uju\u0107i apsorpciju i refleksiju razli\u010ditih valnih duljina, pru\u017ea vrijedne informacije za primjene poput pra\u0107enja su\u0161e, hidrolo\u0161ke analize i upravljanja ekosustavom.<\/p>\r\n

Vizualizacija NDMI za odre\u0111ivanje indeksa normalizirane razlike vlage<\/h2>\r\n

Vizualizacija NDMI-ja uklju\u010duje obradu satelitskih ili zra\u010dnih snimaka, izra\u010dunavanje NDMI vrijednosti, a zatim prikazivanje rezultata kao zemljovid ili sliku kodiranu bojama. Evo op\u0107ih koraka za vizualizaciju NDMI-ja:<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n
  • Nabavite satelitske ili aerofotografske snimke<\/strong> Nabavite multispektralne snimke sa satelitske ili zra\u010dne platforme, kao \u0161to su Landsat, Sentinel ili MODIS. Pazite da snimke uklju\u010duju potrebne pojaseve: bliski infracrveni (NIR) i kratkovalni infracrveni (SWIR).<\/li>\r\n
  • Predobrada slika:<\/strong> Ovisno o izvoru podataka, mo\u017eda \u0107ete morati predobraditi snimke kako biste ispravili atmosferska, geometrijska i radiometrijska izobli\u010denja. Pretvorite digitalne brojeve (DN) u slici u vrijednosti spektralnog odraza.<\/li>\r\n
  • Izra\u010dunaj NDMI:<\/strong> Za svaki piksel u slici, koristite NIR i SWIR vrijednosti refleksije za izra\u010dunavanje NDMI prema formuli: NDMI = (NIR \u2013 SWIR) \/ (NIR + SWIR).<\/li>\r\n
  • Mapiranje boja:<\/strong> Dodijelite paletu boja vrijednostima NDMI. Tipi\u010dno se koristi kontinuirana skala boja, koja se kre\u0107e od jedne boje (npr. crvene) za niske vrijednosti NDMI (\u0161to ukazuje na nizak sadr\u017eaj vlage) do druge boje (npr. zelene) za visoke vrijednosti NDMI (\u0161to ukazuje na visok sadr\u017eaj vlage). Mo\u017eete koristiti softver kao \u0161to su QGIS, ArcGIS ili programske biblioteke poput Pythonovih Rasterio i Matplotlib za izradu karte boja.<\/li>\r\n
  • Vizualiziraj NDMI kartu:<\/strong> Prika\u017eite NDMI kartu ili sliku pomo\u0107u GIS softvera, programske knji\u017enice ili online platforme. To \u0107e vam omogu\u0107iti analizu prostorne raspodjele vla\u017enosti vegetacije i identificiranje podru\u010dja s vodenim stresom ili visokom vlagom.<\/li>\r\n
  • Interpretacija i analiza<\/strong> Upotrijebite NDWI vizualizaciju za procjenu zdravlja vegetacije, pra\u0107enje uvjeta su\u0161e ili procjenu rizika od po\u017eara. Tako\u0111er mo\u017eete usporediti normalizirane razlike indeksa vodnih karti iz razli\u010ditih vremenskih razdoblja kako biste analizirali promjene u sadr\u017eaju vlage u vegetaciji tijekom vremena.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

    Zapamtite da razli\u010diti softverski alati ili programerske biblioteke mogu imati malo druga\u010dije radne procese, ali cjelokupni proces \u0107e biti sli\u010dan. Dodatno, mo\u017eete prekriti druge sloje podataka, kao \u0161to su kori\u0161tenje zemlji\u0161ta, nadmorska visina ili administrativne granice, kako biste pobolj\u0161ali svoju analizu i bolje razumjeli odnose izme\u0111u vla\u017enosti vegetacije i drugih faktora.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Broj vegetacijskih indeksa koje podr\u017eava GeoPard kontinuirano raste. GeoPardov tim predstavlja indeks normalizirane razlike vlage (NDMI). Indeks odre\u0111uje koli\u010dinu vode u vegetaciji\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":5620,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1586,1372,1377,1376,1378,1379],"tags":[1618,1619],"class_list":["post-5618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-product-features","category-blog","category-crop-monitoring","category-management-zones","category-remote-sensing","category-soil-data","tag-crop-monitoring","tag-normalized-difference-vegetation-index"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNormalized Difference Moisture Index - GeoPard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"GeoPard team introduces the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI). 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