{"id":5618,"date":"2022-10-07T15:35:41","date_gmt":"2022-10-07T13:35:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/?p=5618"},"modified":"2023-05-27T19:37:02","modified_gmt":"2023-05-27T17:37:02","slug":"normaliseeritud-niiskuse-erinevuse-indeks-ndmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopard.tech\/est\/blog\/normalized-difference-moisture-index-ndmi\/","title":{"rendered":"Normaliseeritud erinevusniiskusindeks"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nende arv GeoPardi toetatud taimestiku indeksid<\/a> pidevalt kasvamas. GeoPardi meeskond tutvustab normaliseeritud niiskuse erinevuse indeksit (NDMI). Indeks m\u00e4\u00e4rab taimestiku veesisalduse ja normaliseeritud niiskuse erinevuse indeksi (NDWI). See on kasulik olemasolevate kohtade leidmiseks. veestress taimedes<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Madalamad NDMI v\u00e4\u00e4rtused t\u00e4histavad kohti, kus taimed on ebapiisava niiskuse t\u00f5ttu stressi all.
Teisel pool toovad vegetatsiooni haripunkti j\u00e4rgnenud madalamad normaliseeritud erinevusveeindeksi v\u00e4\u00e4rtused esile laigud, mis muutuvad koristusvalmis<\/strong> esimene.<\/p>\r\n

\"Taimestiku

Taimestiku suhtelise veesisalduse erinevus kahe satelliidipildi vahel (antud juhul Sentinel-2 t\u00e4htkuju)<\/p><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

J\u00e4rgmistel ekraanipiltidel n\u00e4ete 19. juuni (taimestiku haripunkt) ja 6. juuli satelliidipiltide p\u00f5hjal genereeritud NDMI tsoonid ning NDMI erinevust kujutava v\u00f5rrandikaardi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"PlaneediPlaneedi peal arvutatud NDMI \/ Sentinel-2 \/ Landsati pilt<\/p>\r\n

Mis on niiskusindeks?<\/h2>\r\n

See on m\u00f5\u00f5t v\u00f5i arvutus, mida kasutatakse niiskusesisalduse v\u00f5i k\u00e4ttesaadavuse hindamiseks konkreetses piirkonnas v\u00f5i piirkonnas. Tavaliselt tuletatakse see erinevatest keskkonnateguritest, nagu sademed, aurumine, mulla omadused ja taimkate.<\/p>\r\n

See annab suhtelise \u00fclevaate piirkonna niiskusest v\u00f5i kuivusest, aidates tuvastada v\u00f5imalikku veestressi v\u00f5i p\u00f5uaolusid.<\/p>\r\n

See on v\u00e4\u00e4rtuslik t\u00f6\u00f6riist veevarude j\u00e4lgimiseks ja haldamiseks, p\u00f5llumajanduse planeerimiseks ja konkreetse piirkonna \u00f6koloogiliste tingimuste m\u00f5istmiseks.<\/p>\r\n

Mis on normaliseeritud niiskuse erinevuse indeks?<\/h2>\r\n

Normaliseeritud niiskuse erinevuse indeks (NDMI) on taimestiku indeks, mis saadakse kaugseireandmete p\u00f5hjal taimestiku niiskusesisalduse hindamiseks ja j\u00e4lgimiseks. Nagu teisedki taimestiku indeksid, arvutatakse see satelliidi- v\u00f5i \u00f5hupiltide spektraalse peegelduse v\u00e4\u00e4rtuste abil.<\/p>\r\n

See on eriti kasulik taimede veestressi j\u00e4lgimisel, p\u00f5uaolude hindamisel, tuleohu hindamisel ja kliimamuutuste m\u00f5ju uurimisel taimestikule.<\/p>\r\n

See arvutatakse l\u00e4hiinfrapuna (NIR) ja l\u00fchilainelise infrapuna (SWIR) sagedusalade abil, mis on tundlikud taimestiku niiskusesisalduse suhtes. NDMI valem on:<\/p>\r\n

NDMI<\/strong> = (l\u00e4hi-infrapuna \u2013 \u00f5huvoolukiirgus) \/ (l\u00e4hi-infrapuna + \u00f5huvoolukiirgus)<\/em><\/p>\r\n

NDWI v\u00e4\u00e4rtused j\u00e4\u00e4vad tavaliselt vahemikku -1 kuni 1, kusjuures k\u00f5rgemad v\u00e4\u00e4rtused n\u00e4itavad taimestiku k\u00f5rgemat niiskusesisaldust ja madalamad v\u00e4\u00e4rtused madalamat niiskusesisaldust v\u00f5i veestressi taimestikus. Negatiivsed NDMI v\u00e4\u00e4rtused v\u00f5ivad olla seotud taimestikuta aladega v\u00f5i v\u00e4ga madala niiskusesisaldusega aladega.<\/p>\r\n

Mis on NDWI?<\/h2>\r\n

NDWI ehk normaliseeritud erinevusveeindeks on kaugseireindeks, mida kasutatakse taimestiku v\u00f5i maastike veesisalduse v\u00f5i veega seotud omaduste kvantifitseerimiseks ja hindamiseks.<\/p>\r\n

See arvutatakse satelliidi- v\u00f5i \u00f5hupiltidelt saadud l\u00e4hiinfrapuna- ja rohelise valguse ribade peegeldusv\u00f5ime anal\u00fc\u00fcsimise teel. See on eriti kasulik veekogude tuvastamiseks, vee k\u00e4ttesaadavuse muutuste j\u00e4lgimiseks ja taimestiku tervise hindamiseks.<\/p>\r\n

Erinevate lainepikkuste neeldumise ja peegeldumise v\u00f5rdlemise abil annab see v\u00e4\u00e4rtuslikku teavet selliste rakenduste jaoks nagu p\u00f5ua j\u00e4lgimine, h\u00fcdroloogiline anal\u00fc\u00fcs ja \u00f6kos\u00fcsteemi haldamine.<\/p>\r\n

NDMI visualiseerimine normaliseeritud erinevusveeindeksi m\u00e4\u00e4ramiseks<\/h2>\r\n

NDMI visualiseerimine h\u00f5lmab satelliidi- v\u00f5i \u00f5hupiltide t\u00f6\u00f6tlemist, NDMI v\u00e4\u00e4rtuste arvutamist ja seej\u00e4rel tulemuste kuvamist v\u00e4rvikoodiga kaardi v\u00f5i pildina. NDMI visualiseerimise \u00fcldised sammud on j\u00e4rgmised:<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n
  • Hankige satelliidi- v\u00f5i \u00f5hupilte:<\/strong> Hankige satelliidilt v\u00f5i \u00f5huplatvormilt, n\u00e4iteks Landsat, Sentinel v\u00f5i MODIS, multispektraalseid kujutisi. Veenduge, et pildid sisaldavad vajalikke sagedusribasid: l\u00e4hiinfrapuna (NIR) ja l\u00fchilaineinfrapuna (SWIR).<\/li>\r\n
  • Kujutise eelt\u00f6\u00f6tlus:<\/strong> S\u00f5ltuvalt andmeallikast peate v\u00f5ib-olla pilte eelt\u00f6\u00f6delma, et korrigeerida atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri-, geomeetrilisi ja radiomeetrilisi moonutusi. Teisendage pildil olevad digitaalsed numbrid (DN) spektraalse peegelduse v\u00e4\u00e4rtusteks.<\/li>\r\n
  • Arvutage NDMI:<\/strong> Iga pildi piksli kohta kasutage NIR- ja SWIR-peegelduste v\u00e4\u00e4rtusi NDMI arvutamiseks j\u00e4rgmise valemi abil: NDMI = (NIR \u2013 SWIR) \/ (NIR + SWIR).<\/li>\r\n
  • V\u00e4rvide kaardistamine:<\/strong> M\u00e4\u00e4rake NDMI v\u00e4\u00e4rtustele v\u00e4rvipalett. Tavaliselt kasutatakse pidevat v\u00e4rviskaalat, mis ulatub \u00fchest v\u00e4rvist (nt punane) madalate NDMI v\u00e4\u00e4rtuste (mis n\u00e4itab madalat niiskusesisaldust) ja teise v\u00e4rvini (nt roheline) k\u00f5rgete NDMI v\u00e4\u00e4rtuste (mis n\u00e4itab k\u00f5rget niiskusesisaldust) jaoks. V\u00e4rvikaardi loomiseks v\u00f5ite kasutada tarkvara nagu QGIS, ArcGIS v\u00f5i programmeerimisteegid nagu Pythoni Rasterio ja Matplotlib.<\/li>\r\n
  • Visualiseeri NDMI kaarti:<\/strong> Kuva NDMI kaart v\u00f5i pilt GIS-tarkvara, programmeerimisteegi v\u00f5i veebiplatvormi abil. See v\u00f5imaldab sul anal\u00fc\u00fcsida taimestiku niiskusesisalduse ruumilist jaotust ja tuvastada veestressi v\u00f5i k\u00f5rge niiskusesisaldusega alasid.<\/li>\r\n
  • T\u00f5lgendamine ja anal\u00fc\u00fcs:<\/strong> Kasutage NDWI visualiseeringut taimestiku tervise hindamiseks, p\u00f5uaolude j\u00e4lgimiseks v\u00f5i tuleohu hindamiseks. Samuti saate v\u00f5rrelda erinevate ajaperioodide normaliseeritud erinevusveeindeksi kaarte, et anal\u00fc\u00fcsida taimestiku niiskusesisalduse muutusi ajas.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

    Pidage meeles, et erinevatel tarkvarat\u00f6\u00f6riistadel v\u00f5i programmeerimisraamatukogudel v\u00f5ivad olla veidi erinevad t\u00f6\u00f6vood, kuid \u00fcldine protsess on sarnane. Lisaks saate anal\u00fc\u00fcsi t\u00e4iustamiseks ja taimestiku niiskusesisalduse ja muude tegurite vaheliste seoste paremaks m\u00f5istmiseks lisada ka teisi andmekihte, n\u00e4iteks maakasutus, k\u00f5rgus v\u00f5i halduspiirid.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    GeoPardi toetatavate taimkatteindeksite arv kasvab pidevalt. GeoPardi meeskond tutvustab normaliseeritud niiskuse erinevuse indeksit (NDMI). Indeks m\u00e4\u00e4rab taimestiku veesisalduse\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210157960,"featured_media":5620,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1586,1372,1377,1376,1378,1379],"tags":[1618,1619],"class_list":["post-5618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-product-features","category-blog","category-crop-monitoring","category-management-zones","category-remote-sensing","category-soil-data","tag-crop-monitoring","tag-normalized-difference-vegetation-index"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNormalized Difference Moisture Index - GeoPard Agriculture<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"GeoPard team introduces the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI). 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